110 research outputs found
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No full textData for a study, "The influence of a working memory task on affective perception of facial expressions" by Seung-Lark Lim, Amanda S Bruce, Robin L Aupperl
Neurocognition in PTSD: Treatment Insights and Implications
No full textPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is classified as a traumatic stress-related condition and is most often discussed in terms of emotional dysfunction. However, given that cognitive and emotional processes are intricately intertwined, implemented by overlapping brain networks, and effectively integrated in at least some of the same regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, for a review, see Crocker et al. 2013), an abundance of literature now highlights the key role that cognitive functioning plays in both the development and maintenance (or exacerbation) of PTSD symptoms (Aupperle et al. 2012a; Verfaellie et al. 2012). Findings from this body of work detail objective impairment in neuropsychological function in those with PTSD (Brandes et al. 2002; Hayes et al. 2012a; Koenen et al. 2001). Yet despite the impact of neurocognition on PTSD treatment engagement and success (e.g., Haaland et al. 2016; Nijdam et al. 2015) and conversely, the role of PTSD treatment in normalizing cognitive dysfunction, a much smaller literature exists on neurocognitive changes following treatment for PTSD. Even aside from its role in treatment, cognitive functioning in PTSD has significant implications for daily functioning for individuals with this disorder, as cognition is predictive of school achievement, obtaining and maintaining employment, job advancement, maintaining relationships, greater wealth, and better health and quality of life (e.g., Diamond and Ling 2016)
Can Neural Activation in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Predict Responsiveness to Information? An Application to Egg Production Systems and Campaign Advertising
Get PDFCitation: McFadden, B. R., Lusk, J. L., Crespi, J. M., Cherry, J. B. C., Martin, L. E., Aupperle, R. L., & Bruce, A. S. (2015). Can Neural Activation in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Predict Responsiveness to Information? An Application to Egg Production Systems and Campaign Advertising. Plos One, 10(5), 15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125243Consumers prefer to pay low prices and increase animal welfare; however consumers are typically forced to make tradeoffs between price and animal welfare. Campaign advertising (i.e., advertising used during the 2008 vote on Proposition 2 in California) may affect how consumers make tradeoffs between price and animal welfare. Neuroimaging data was used to determine the effects of brain activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on choices making a tradeoff between price and animal welfare and responsiveness to campaign advertising. Results indicated that activation in the dlPFC was greater when making choices that forced a tradeoff between price and animal welfare, compared to choices that varied only by price or animal welfare. Furthermore, greater activation differences in right dlPFC between choices that forced a tradeoff and choices that did not, indicated greater responsiveness to campaign advertising
Are Consumers as Constrained as Hens are Confined? Brain Activations and Behavioral Choices after Informational Influence
Get PDFIn 2008, California passed Proposition 2, specifying confinement space for certain farm animals. Proposition 2 went into full effect January 2015 and has significant implications for egg production in California and possibly even interstate commerce. We examined the influence of promotional videos aired during the campaign on consumers’ willingness-to-pay for eggs produced in a more open production system (i.e., cage-free, free range) and corresponding neurofunctional activations during decisions. Forty-six participants (24 females), aged 18–55 years (M=29.65), were enrolled and performed a food decision-making task during fMRI scanning. In each decision, two options of identical one dozen cartons of eggs were presented simultaneously. Below each option were two attributes, describing price and production method. Cage free and free-range eggs were more expensive, at varying degrees. Participants were randomized to one of three 30-second video groups: pro-Proposition 2, anti-Proposition 2, and a Neutral flowing stream. Based on a whole brain analysis, participants in the pro-Proposition 2 video group (N=16) demonstrated significantly greater activations post-video compared to pre-video in left insular cortex and right occipital cortex. This change in insula activity may be indicative of increased social risk involved with the purchase of closed production method eggs, driving participants to increase their percentage of decisions to purchase the higher priced, open-method eggs. It is possible that the insula activation indicates that consumers are constrained to choosing the eggs produced under open-cage production methods, after viewing advertisements advocating for Proposition 2.This article is published as Francisco, A., A.S. Bruce, J.M. Crespi, J.L. Lusk, B.R. McFadden, J. Bruce, R.L. Aupperle and S-L. Lim. “Are Consumers as Constrained as Hens are Confined? Brain Activations and Behavioral Choices after Informational Influence.” Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 13(2015):113-119. DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2015-0022. Posted with permission.</p
Animal to human translational paradigms relevant for approach avoidance conflict decision making
No full text
Child Dev
Get PDFThis study used a machine learning framework in conjunction with a large battery of measures from 9,718 school-age children (ages 9-11) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development| (ABCD) Study to identify factors associated with fluid cognitive functioning (FCF), or the capacity to learn, solve problems, and adapt to novel situations. The identified algorithm explained 14.74% of the variance in FCF, replicating previously reported socioeconomic and mental health contributors to FCF, and adding novel and potentially modifiable contributors, including extracurricular involvement, screen media activity, and sleep duration. Pragmatic interventions targeting these contributors may enhance cognitive performance and protect against their negative impact on FCF in children.MD/NIMHD NIH HHSUnited States/National Institute of Aging/Allergan, and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation/U24 DA041123/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041156/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/NIH Office of Research on Women's Health/U01 DA050989/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/NS/NINDS NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041089/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041117/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/National Science Foundation/NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research/P20 GM121312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHSUnited States/Stanford's Maternal Child Health Research Institute/U24 DA041147/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/HL/NHLBI NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041120/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/F31 HD103340/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041134/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041022/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/K23 MH108707/MH/NIMH NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041106/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/National Endowment for the Arts/U01 DA041028/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041048/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DA041148/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/PCORI/Patient-Centered Outcomes Research InstituteUnited States/Johnson and Johnson/National Institute of Justice/William K. Warrent Foundation/U01 DA041174/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/CC/CDC HHSUnited States
Clinical translation and implementation neuroscience for novel cognitive interventions in addiction medicine
No full textIt is never as good the second time around: Brain areas involved in salience processing habituate during repeated drug cue exposure in treatment engaged abstinent methamphetamine and opioid users
No full textThe brain response to drug-related cues is an important marker in addiction-medicine. However, the temporal dynamics of this response in repeated exposure to cues are not well known. In an fMRI drug cue-reactivity task, the presence of rapid habituation or sensitization was investigated by modeling time and its interaction with condition (drug>neutral) using an initial discovery-sample. Replication of this temporal response was tested in two other clinical populations all abstinent during their early recovery (treatment). Sixty-five male participants (35.8 ± 8.4 years-old) with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) were recruited as the discovery-sample from an abstinence-based residential treatment program. A linear mixed effects model was used to identify areas with a time-by-condition interaction in the discovery-sample. Replication of these effects was tested in two other samples (29 female with MUD from a different residential program and 22 male with opioid use disorder from the same residential program as the discovery sample). The second replication sample was re-tested within two weeks. In the discovery-sample, clusters within the VMPFC, amygdala and ventral striatum showed both a main effect of condition and a condition-by-time interaction, indicating a habituating response to drug-related but not neutral cues. The estimates for the main effects and interactions were generally consistent between the discovery and replication-samples across all clusters. The re-test data showed a consistent lack of drug > neutral and habituation response within all selected clusters in the second cue-exposure session. The VMPFC, amygdala and ventral striatum show habituation in response to drug-related cues which is consistent among different clinical populations. This habituated response in the first session of cue-exposure and lack of reactivity in the second session of exposure may be important for informing the development of cue-desensitization interventions
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