841 research outputs found
Plectranthias cruentus, a new species of anthiadine perchlet (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea
No full textGill, Anthony C., Roberts, Clive D. (2020): Plectranthias cruentus, a new species of anthiadine perchlet (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the Lord Howe Rise, Tasman Sea. Zootaxa 4750 (4): 560-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.4.
Review of “St. Clive:” An Eastern Orthodox Author Looks Back at C. S. Lewis
No full textReview of C. J. S. Hayward, “St. Clive:” An Eastern Orthodox Author Looks Back at C. S. Lewis (Wheaton, Illinois: C. J. S. Hayward Publications, 2000-19). 381 pages. $49.99. ISBN 9781794669956
Extracellular matrix-mediated osteogenic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells
No full textEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent and have the ability to differentiate into mineralising cells in vitro. The use of pluripotent cells in engineered bone substitutes will benefit from the development of bioactive scaffolds which encourage cell differentiation and tissue development. Extracellular matrix (ECM) may be a suitable candidate for use in such scaffolds since it plays an active role in cellular differentiation. Here, we test the hypothesis that tissue-specific ECM influences the differentiation of murine ESCs. We induced murine ESCs to differentiate by embryoid body formation, followed by dissociation and culture on ECM prepared by decellularisation of either osteogenic cell (MC3T3-E1) or non-osteogenic cell (A549) cultures, or on defined collagen type I matrix. We assessed osteogenic differentiation by formation of mineralised tissue and osteogenic gene expression, and found it to be significantly greater on MC3T3-E1 matrices than on any other matrix. The osteogenic effect of MC3T3-E1 matrix was reduced by heat treatment and abolished by trypsin, suggesting a bioactive proteinaceous component. These results demonstrate that decellularised bone-specific ECM promotes the osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. Our results are of fundamental interest and may help in tailoring scaffolds for tissue engineering applications which both incorporate tissue-specific ECM signals and stimulate stem-cell differentiation
Synthesis of alpha-amino-acids by addition of putative azido radicals to alpha-methoxy acrylonitriles derived from aldehydes and ketones
No full textalpha-Methoxy acrylonitriles, available from aldehydes and ketones, react with sodium azide in the presence of eerie ammonium nitrate to give azido nitrates; from these compounds, alpha-amino acids are obtained by sequential treatment with sodium acetate in acetic acid and then methanolic potassium carbonate, followed by hydrogenation.PT: J; CR: ADLINGTON RM, 1983, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P944 BADRAN TW, 1993, TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR, V4, P197 BECKWITH ALJ, 1992, J ORG CHEM, V57, P6286 BERLIN WK, 1991, TETRAHEDRON, V47, P1 BERTOZZI CR, 1992, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V33, P3109 CRICH D, 1988, J CHEM RES S, P1087 CRICH D, 1989, TETRAHEDRON, V45, P5641 DENMARK SE, 1987, J ORG CHEM, V52, P165 DINIZO SE, 1976, J ORG CHEM, V41, P2846 EASTON CJ, 1990, J ORG CHEM, V55, P384 ESCH PM, 1992, TETRAHEDRON, V48, P4659 FONTANA F, 1993, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V34, P2517 GILCHRIST TL, 1991, COMPREHENSIVE ORGANI, V8, P381 HAMON DPG, 1991, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P722 HERTENSTEIN U, 1982, CHEM BER, V115, P261 HERTENSTEIN U, 1986, CHEM BER, V119, P699 HUNIG S, 1982, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V21, P36 HUNIG S, 1993, CHEM BER, V126, P177 KNOUZI N, 1985, B SOC CHIM FR, P815 KORTH HG, 1984, J AM CHEM SOC, V106, P663 KREPSKI LR, 1986, SYNTHETIC COMMUN, V16, P617 LEHMANN J, 1979, CHEM BER, V112, P1470 LEMIEUX RU, 1979, CAN J CHEM, V57, P1244 MAGNUS P, 1992, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V33, P2777 MARRA A, 1991, TETRAHEDRON, V47, P5149 NAGARAJAN S, 1987, J ORG CHEM, V52, P5044 OKU A, 1992, J ORG CHEM, V57, P2263 PAULSEN H, 1991, LIEBIGS ANN CHEM, P487 SMID P, 1992, J CARBOHYD CHEM, V11, P849 TINGOLI M, 1991, J ORG CHEM, V56, P6809 TRAHANOVSKY WS, 1971, J AM CHEM SOC, V93, P5256; NR: 31; TC: 9; J9: TETRAHEDRON LETT; PG: 4; GA: NH153Source type: Electronic(1
Initial teacher education and the New Zealand curriculum.
No full textNew Zealand teacher educators are faced with the challenge of how to prepare their student teachers to become beginning teachers who are able to base their teaching upon the national curriculum. To meet this challenge, designers of initial teacher education (ITE) programmes need to consider the interface between ITE curriculum and the legislated curriculum for schools. This paper looks at some of the historical influences upon the curriculum in both initial teacher education and schools by examining wider contextual influences. We point out that in ITE there has been an ongoing search for the most appropriate knowledge base for teaching, a search that is made problematic due to differing views of knowledge, teaching and learning We argue that in spite of these differences, there is benefit in an ITE curriculum that has a close relationship with the school curriculum in terms of what is learned and the teaching and learning approaches. New Zealand has a revised national curriculum for schools (Ministry of Education, 2007) that schools are expected to implement from 2010. In preparing student teachers to become beginning teachers, ITE providers are in a phase of designing learning experiences that link ITE curriculum and school curriculum. This process is problematic, for there are various internal and external pressures that lead to a crowded ITE curriculum and challenge ITE autonomy and innovation in curriculum decision-making
Kathetostoma binigrasella Gomon & Roberts, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textKathetostoma binigrasella sp. nov. Banded Stargazer Figs 3–6; Tbls 1–2. Kathetostoma sp.: Paul, 1986: 118; 2000: 118; Anderson et al. 1998: unnumbered, distribution map; Roberts & McPhee, 1998: 66; Smith et al. 2006: 379, figs 1, 3, 4, molecular analysis and meristics. Roberts et al., 2009: 535, listed; Kathetostoma giganteum (non Haast, 1873): Doak, 1978: 132, colour plate 59 top. Kathetostoma laeve (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801): Kashimoto in Amaoka et al. 1990: 298, plate 230, description. Holotype. NMNZ P. 42147 (334) New Zealand, North Island, 11 Miles off Ninety Mile Beach, Northland, 35 ° 42 ’ S, 173 ° 37 ’ E, 100m, FV Brac, 4 July 2002, bottom trawl. Paratypes. (31: 67.7-560): AMS I. 42757 -004 (316) New Zealand, West Norfolk Ridge, Wanganella Bank, 32 ° 36.067 ' S – 32 ° 36.067 ' S, 167 ° 34.600 ' E – 167 ° 34.517 ' E, 116–119m, TAN0308- 112, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ team, 30 May 2003, ratcatcher trawl; BMNH 2010.10. 22.1 (244), formerly part of NMNZ P. 39337; CAS 230375 (267), formerly part of NMNZ P. 39337; NMNZ P. 10111 (67.7) New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, NW off Cape Reinga, 34 ° 3.5500' S, 172 ° 12.4500' E, 481–503m, JCO 8106 /055, RV James Cook, 23 April 1981, trawl; NMNZ P. 18175 (483) New Zealand, North Island, Bay of Plenty, Off the East side of Mayor Island, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 18 ’ S, 176 ° 18 ’ E, 37–91m, MoNZ T 86, FV Asterix, G. Nicholson & K. Smith, 17 February 1986, set net; NMNZ P. 29710 (2: 305–366) New Zealand, Snares Islands, E Snares Shelf NW Campbell Plateau, 48 ° 18.28 ' S, 167 ° 57.25 ' E, 132–134m, TAN 9301 /066, RV Tangaroa, 23 February 1993, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 31966 (188) New Zealand, South Island, Otago, approx. 20 nautical miles S of Dunedin, 46 ° 35.345 ' S, 167 ° 14.390 ' E, 63–66, TAN 9502 / 144, RV Tangaroa, P. McMillan, 10 March 1995, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 33673 (560) New Zealand, North Island, Taranaki, off the Puniho coast, SW of New Plymouth, 39 ° 10 ’ S, 173 ° 35 ’ E, 80m, J. & R. Ansley, September 1996; NMNZ P. 34887 (2: 316–398) New Zealand, Chatham Islands, NE Chatham Rise, 43 ° 15.1450 ' S, 177 ° 4.4083 ' W, 310–327m, TAN 9801 /030, RV Tangaroa, P. McMillan, 0 8 January 1998, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 39337 (3: 308–453) Australia, Norfolk Island, Wanganella Bank, 32 ° 37.200 ' S, 167 ° 35.635 ' E, 120–127m, NORFANZ TAN 0308/ 117, RV Tangaroa, 30 May 2003, ratcatcher trawl; NMNZ P. 40689 (255) New Zealand, South Island, Southland, Snares Islands Shelf, 48 ° 49.55 ' S, 166 ° 59.30 ' E, 176–195m, OBS 1738 /065, FV Chiyo Maru 3, Marli Dee, 20 February 2003, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 40700 (2: 157–195) New Zealand, Snares Islands, South-east Snares Shelf, 48 ° 49.90 ' S, 166 ° 57.75 ' E, 176–182m, OBS 1856 /018, FV Sur Este 707, Chris Petyt, 27 January 2004, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 40701 (207) New Zealand, Snares Islands, Southern Snares Shelf, 48 ° 47.65 ' S, 166 ° 29.75 ' E, 174–190m, OBS 1856 /026, FV Sur Este 707, Chris Petyt, 30 January 2004, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 41511 (324) New Zealand, Snares Islands, south eastern Snares Shelf., 48 ° 33.8850 ' S, 168 ° 5.6250 ' E, 250– 500m, TAN 0 118, RV Tangaroa, November 2001, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 41697 (146) New Zealand, South Island, Southland, North-east Puysegur Trench, 44 ° 57.10 ' S, 166 ° 4.35 ' E, 174–222m, OBS 1604 /079, FV Oyang 97, 12 March 2002, bottom trawl; NMNZ P 41747 (2: 128–175) New Zealand, South Island, Southland, Puysegur Bank, 46 ° 31.50 ' S, 166 ° 4.25 ' E, 185–270m, OBS 1609 /052, FV Tomi Maru 86, Julian Hall, 0 2 March 2002, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 42076 (209) New Zealand, Snares Islands, South of The Snares, 48 ° 48.75 ' S, 166 ° 40.55 ' E, 180– 244m, OBS 1609 /016, FV Tomi Maru 86, Julian Hall, 0 9 February 2002, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 42132 (307) New Zealand, South Island, off Stewart Island; NMNZ P. 42145 (262) New Zealand, North Island, 11 Miles off Ninety Mile Beach, Northland, 35 ° 42 ’ S, 173 ° 37 ’ E, 100m, FV Brac, 0 4 July 2002, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 42146 (292) New Zealand, North Island, 11 Miles off Ninety Mile Beach, Northland, 35 º 42.000 ' S, 173 º 37.000 ' E, 100m, FV Brac, 0 4 July 2002, bottom trawl; NMNZ P. 42153 (308) New Zealand, North Island, 11 Miles off Ninety Mile Beach, Northland, 35 ° 42 ’ S, 173 ° 37 ’ E, 100m, FV Brac, 0 4 July 2002, bottom trawl; NMV A 25153 -001 (223) New Zealand, West Norfolk Ridge, Wanganella Bank, 32 ° 36.067 ' S – 32 ° 36.067 ' S, 167 ° 35.217 ' E – 167 ° 35.217 ' E, 116–122m, TAN0308- 105, RV Tangaroa, M. Gomon, 29 May 2003; NMV A 25157 -003 (282) same data as AMS I 42757 -004; NMV A 25161 -003 (311), New Zealand, West Norfolk Ridge, Wanganella Bank, 32 ° 35.783 ' S – 32 ° 35.783 ' S, 167 ° 38.550 ' E – 167 ° 41.250 ' E, 325–497m, TAN0308- 118, RV Tangaroa, M. Gomon, 30 May 2003, ratcatcher trawl; USNM 398707 (172), formerly part of NMNZ P. 40700. Other material. NMNZ P. 10111 (66.3); NMNZ P. 13112 (2: 360–400); NMV A 25157 -006 (197); NMV A 25161 (308). Diagnosis. Dorsal fin rays 15–17; anal fin rays 14–16; vertebrae 30–31; head and body broad, head width 1.2– 1.7 times its length, covered with tiny blunt knobs in juveniles to almost smooth in adults; mouth with several prominent canines between smaller canines; chin smooth; ventral margin of preopercle with four spine-like processes; anterior end of isthmus with a pair of prominent forward directed spines; prominent cleithral spine sheathed with skin above pectoral fin base; 17–19 gill rakers on first arch in the form of patches of fine teeth, patches broad, about six to ten teeth across patches, not in distinct rows, innermost teeth rather short; dorsal fin of moderate length, its base 43–66 % of predorsal length; pelvic fins large, their length 23–28 % SL; body whitish below usually with two broad, vertical, dark-brown, variously distinct bands or saddles across back, most distinct in juveniles and small adults. Description. (See Table 2 for frequencies of values for selected meristic characters.) Dorsal fin rays 15–17; anal fin rays 14–16; pectoral fin rays 21; pelvic fin rays I, 5; vertebrae 30–31. (See Table 1 for comparative ranges of selected proportional measurements.) Body tapering from a broad, flat, bony head (head width 1.2–1.7 times its length) covered with tiny blunt knobs in juveniles to almost smooth with fine radiating pattern in adults. Eyes directed upwards, small; bony orbital rim separated medially by naked rectangular space. Mouth large, vertical, with several prominent canines between smaller canines; chin smooth; lips with short ridge-like crenulations. Ventral margin of preopercle with four spine-like processes; anterior end of isthmus with a pair of prominent forward directed spines; prominent cleithral spine sheathed with skin above pectoral fin base. Scales absent; lateral line pores in skin high on side close to base of dorsal fin. Dorsal fin low, of moderate length, its base 43–66 % of predorsal length. Pectoral fins huge, fan-like. Pelvic fins large, their length 23–28 % SL. Largest specimen examined 560 mm SL. Pigmentation in alcohol. Pale dusky with two broad dark blotchy bands across dorsum to midside (most distinct in juveniles and small adults; large adults more uniformly dark above), one across predorsal with paler area on dorsal midline, second across dorsal base, paler areas including side of head and chin speckled with smaller darkish blotches; top of head rather pale with darkish blotches on skin covered areas (as lines radiating from eyes in some); underside slightly dusky; dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins dark, dorsal and caudal fins with continuous pale margin; pectoral fin dark to margin centrally with pale distal margin dorsally and ventrally, anal and pelvic fins dusky, pelvics with pale margin. TABLE 1. Selected proportional measurements and counts for Kathetostoma giganteum and types of K. binigrasella sp. nov. Kathetostoma binagrasella sp. nov. Kathetostoma giganteum Holotype Paratypes (n= 32) (n= 15) Range Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Standard length (mm) 334 67.7–560 52.0– 529 % SL Meristic values Dorsal-fin rays 15 15–17 17–19 Anal-fin rays 15 14–16 17–18 Vertebrae 30 30–31 33–34 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Kathetostoma spp Dorsal Fin Rays Vertebrae binigrasella sp.nov. 16 9 1 23 1 giganteum 1 4 6 1 11 canaster 9 7 5 1 3 12 2 laeve 3 17 6 3 13 7 nigrofasciata 2 9 3 6 Anal Fin Rays binigrasella sp.nov. 3 23 2 giganteum 6 6 canaster 3 17 laeve 3 15 7 nigrofasciata 8 3 Fresh colours: Greenish tan above, bands brownish with scattered dark brown speckles and blotches, underside greyish white with pink tinges, dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins dark greenish brown, dorsal and pectoral speckled with brown; pelvic and anal fins dusk white with white margins. Etymology. The specific name binigrasella, from the Latin bi for ‘two’, nigra for ‘dark’ and sella for ‘saddle’ refers to the broad dark brown saddle-like bands dorsally on the body that are obvious features distinguishing this species from its New Zealand congener. Distribution. Widespread and relatively common in coastal and offshore waters, from the Wanganella Bank (southern Norfolk Ridge) to the Snares shelf, including the Chatham Rise. Endemic to New Zealand. Occurs at 10– 500 m depth, but more frequently taken in 100–300 m; lives on sand or mud bottoms. Comments. Despite its recognition for more than 25 years, this species has been confused with its New Zealand congener Kathetostoma giganteum in literature and fisheries catch data. Records of New Zealand giant stargazers probably include both species, especially where capture depths are less than 400 m. Based on confirmed records, population sizes of this species are smaller than those of its congener. A genetic study by Smith et al. (2006) implies closer relationships between the new species and the rather broadly distributed Australian Kathetostoma leave (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), and between Kathetostoma gigantum and the southeastern Australian Kathetostoma canaster Gomon & Last, 1987, than the two New Zealand congeners are to one another. This is consistent with differences in morphology (Table 2) and depth distributions of the four, with K. binigrasella and K. leave having relatively few vertebrae (30–31 and 28–31 respectively) and anal fin rays (14–16 and 13–15), shorter and chunkier bodies, smaller eyes, prominent broad banded colour patterns and shallower depth ranges, and K. canaster and K. giganteum having more vertebrae (31–33 and 33–35 respectively) and anal fin rays (15–16 and 17–19), more elongate and slender bodies, larger eyes, more obscure banding, if banding is at all apparent, and distributions to greater depths (to 700 and over 1000m respectively). Genetics of the fifth Australasian species K. nigrofasciatum confined to the outer portion of the continental shelf and top of the slope in southwestern Australia supports a common ancestry with the ancestor of all four. That species has even lower meristic values, which overlap partially with those of B. binigrasella and B. leave, as well as a distinctly banded pattern that may be more indicative of the ancestral condition than a relationship between the species, as at least the banded colouration is found in other uranoscopid genera as well.Published as part of Gomon, Martin F. & Roberts, Clive D., 2011, A second New Zealand species of the stargazer genus Kathetostoma (Trachinoidei: Uranoscopidae), pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 2776 on pages 5-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20332
Dating burial practices and architecture at Lepenski Vir
No full textPrevious attempts to establish a chronology for Lepenski Vir using three different methods (stratigraphy, radiometric 14C dating of bulk charcoal samples, and AMS 14C dating of human bone collagen) produced inconsistent results. Discrepancies between the human bone and charcoal ages were found to result from a reservoir effect in the bones of people who ate significant quantities of Danube fish. When a reservoir ‘correction’ is applied, the human bone 14C dates are consistent with the charcoal dates, and this raises questions about the excavator’s relative and absolute chronology based on stratigraphy and inter-site comparisons. Single-entity dating of surviving archaeological materials offers the best hope of constructing a reliable chronological framework for Lepenski Vir. This paper presents the results of a further programme of AMS 14C dating of human remains. Direct dating of 24 burials confirms that different burial practices characterized the Final Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. Previous attempts to assign burials to Mesolithic or Neolithic phases, based on stratigraphic observations, are shown to be broadly correct but not always accurate in detail. The evidence from radiocarbon dating and stratigraphy is used to calculate ‘minimum’ and/or ‘maximum’ ages for certain of the trapezoidal buildings, which suggest that this architectural form was in use during the Final Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. The implications of the human bone 14C dates and associated stable isotope measurements for the timing of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in the Iron Gates are also discussed
[Photograph 2012.201.OVZ001.8094]
No full textPhotograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "(Group photo at a side view of the OU coaches. Backside handwriting: "Ken Northcutt, Adam Essliner, Pat Robertson, Carl Dold, Jay O'Neal, Delbert Long, Pat O'Neal Bud, Gomer, Eddie Crowder, Rudy Fieldman, Clive(?) Rush(?), J(?) Roberts, Gene Calame.")
Federalism - Institutional adaptation and symbolic constraints
No full textDespite its geographical centrality and its considerable economic involvement in Europe, Switzerland remains unusual in that it is neither a member of the Union or the European Economic Area. At a time when the Union is both expanding and seeking to develop its integration, the country constitutes a real anomaly amongst west European states.
This book demonstrates the range, depth and complexity of Switzerland’s developing relations with Europe and provides detailed and up-to-date information on Switzerland itself. Considering a variety of dimensions of the country and its ambiguous relations with the EU, the author explore:
The classical political obstacles to entry: federalism, direct democracy, neutrality and the growing strength of anti-European populism.
Policy barriers to integration: in trade and economics generally, in financial matters, and in social provisions relating to the movement of people.
The EU response and the prospects for future Swiss-EU relations.
This unique volume will be of interest to students and scholars of European politics and European Union politic
Analysis of barriers and success factors affecting the adoption of sustainable management of municipal solid waste in Abuja, Nigeria
No full textA thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the University of
Wolverhampton for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The state of solid waste management in cities of most developing countries is fast assuming the scale of a major social and environmental challenge. In Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, the combined influence of poverty, population growth and rapid urbanization has tended to worsen the situation. The gravity of this problem is perhaps best reflected in the level of attention given to it in the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration. Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) outlined in the declaration have waste or resource efficiency implications. In response to the waste challenge many developed countries have embarked upon ambitious environmental reforms, recording remarkable advances in best practises and sustainable management of their Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). However, many developing countries such as Nigeria have fared less well in this regard as a result of several barriers militating against sustainable management of MSW. The principal aim of this research is therefore to carry out a critical analysis of the various barriers as well as success factors that affect the sustainable management of MSW using Abuja, Nigeria, as a case study. The study adopts a largely quantitative methodological approach, employing waste composition analysis of samples from the case study area, questionnaire survey and focus group interviews of stakeholders in MSW management as key methods for generation of data. Results from analysis of data, using the Statistical Programme for the Social Sciences (SPSS), indicate that between 65-70% of MSW samples from Abuja is biodegradable, mostly comprising of high wet weight and high moisture content kitchen wastes. On the other hand between 11%-30% of MSW samples from the City comprises mostly of non-degradable but recyclable materials such as glass, metals and cans, non-ferrous metals and waste electrical and electronic equipment. The implication of the high levels of moisture content in the biodegradable components is that samples are not suitable for incineration but are ideal for composting and other mechanical and biological management options. Data analysis also reveals that the main barriers to sustainable MSW management in the City include low public awareness/education on MSW management, obsolete and insufficient equipment and funding limitations. On the other hand, the most important success factor affecting sustainable MSW management in Abuja was found to be the bourgeoning City population which has a huge potential for uptake of recycled products. In summary, this research concludes that the factors affecting MSW management in Abuja are typical of many tropical urban environments. Fundamental shifts in current practises towards waste prevention; driven by a structured public education programme in MSW management is recommended, so as to bring about a more sustainable management regime. As a result of resource and time limitations, it was not possible to complete several potential lines of investigation related to this study. To fully understand the character of the Abuja waste stream however, further chemical characterization including proximate and ultimate analysis is required. Future research in this genre must endeavour to collect data from a larger sample to increase the precision of the analysis and to enable firmer conclusions to be drawn
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