268 research outputs found
Poverty Sucks : Lessons from Students Working with Poor People's Organizations
No full textv, 154 p.Part I reviews the political and economic issues that have shaped poverty and homelessness. Part II focuses on the efforts of community organizations such as Empty the Shelters where the author worked
Causes and consequences of civil strife - micro-level evidence from Uganda
No full textTo bridge the gap between case studies and highly aggregate cross-country analyses of civil unrest, the author uses data from Uganda to explore determinants of civil strife (as contrasted to theft and physical violence) at the community level, as well as the potentially differential impact of these variables on investment and nonagricultural enterprise formation at the household level. He finds that distance from infrastructure (a proxy for scarcity of economic opportunities and government investment), asset inequality (social tension), the presence of cash crops (expropriable wealth), and lower levels of human capital (ability to take advantage of opportunities in the"regular"economy) all increase the propensity for civil strife. Furthermore, civil strife, in marked contrast to violence and theft, reduces investment and nonagricultural enterprise start-ups.Education and Society,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Education and Society,Environmental Economics&Policies,Poverty Assessment,Information Technology
Giants, titans, and civil strife in the Greek & Roman world down through the age of Augustus
No full textThis project explores the myth of the Gigantomachy leading up to and during the age of Augustus. Scholarship often reads the myth as an allegory of order triumphing over chaos, or “civilization” over “barbarism,” and the myth is often thought to represent Greece’s conflict with foreign entities. In this study, I highlight some of the themes, both inherent in the myth and highlighted by poets and artists, that undermine this simplistic binary. In fact, I examine many examples when the myth signifies a conflict that may not be foreign at all, but rather a conflict from within. By the time the myth appears in Augustan poetry, it has strong connotations of civil war. Though the more traditional view of the myth might align with the agenda of various political propagandists in Rome’s civil wars, poets such as Vergil and Propertius draw attention to complicating elements in the myth to undermine any overly simplistic interpretations of these conflicts.
Chapter 1 explores the Gigantomachy and Titanomachy in the Archaic period in both poetry and sculpture. I address some of the “traditional” interpretations in the poetry of Hesiod and Pindar, as well as some complications to the simplistic “order vs. chaos” binary. I also treat some of the myth’s connections to civil strife in visual art and poetry.
Chapter 2 examines the myth in the 5th and 4th century Athens. While the image of the Gigantomachy on the Parthenon is often cited as being emblematic of Greece’s victory over foreign enemies, I highlight the myth’s problematic elements and its connection to civil strife in tragedy, comedy, and Plato.
Chapter 3 considers the Gigantomachy in the Hellenistic era. During this period, the myth has connotations of a victory of the “civilized” over “uncivilized” due to court poets like Callimachus, who attempt to make Macedonian kings seem more legitimate through likening their victories over foreign people to the Olympians over the Giants. At the same time, I show that the Great Altar of Pergamum, a monument which is also cited as emblematic of this traditional viewpoint, has problematic elements that complicate an “order vs. chaos” meaning. Other later Hellenistic poets also exploit ambiguous elements of the Gigantomachy to subtly criticize powerful figures such as Philip V and Rome itself.
Chapter 4 analyzes the significance of the myth in the middle and late Roman Republic. During the early Republic, the Romans occupied an uncertain space on the “civilized vs. uncivilized” spectrum. The presentation of the Gigantomachy in the poetry of Naevius reflects this uncertainty. The myth in the poetry of Ennius may suggest that fraternal strife was at the very outset of the Annales. During the Late Republic, civil war was painfully frequent throughout Italy, and the Gigantomachy becomes a fitting allegory for this type of conflict.
In Chapter 5, this dissertation reaches its culmination: the Gigantomachy myth in the Augustan era, a time in which the myth is especially prominent. While, on the one hand, Augustan propaganda might resonate with the more “traditional” interpretation of the myth, Augustan poets subtly draw attention to some of the more troubling aspects of Gigantomachy. Given the time period’s fatigue with civil war, the Gigantomachy is an apt myth to process the chaotic violence of the civil wars of the late first century BCE.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby David J. Wrigh
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY AND STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF THE EPIPODOPHYLLOTOXIN ANTICANCER DRUGS VP 16-213 (ETOPOSIDE) AND VM 26 (TENIPOSIDE)
No full textA rapid and convenient high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of the clinically useful anticancer agents VP 16-213 and VM 26 is described. The drugs, which are semi-synthetic derivatives of the natural product podophyllotoxin, are extracted from plasma with chloroform. The extracts are evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in methanol, and chromatographed on a reversed-phase microparticle C(,18) column using isocratic elution with a mixture of methanol-water (60:40). Each drug is used as the internal standard for the other. Quantitation to 500 ng/ml (0.85 nmole/ml) plasma is based on peak height ratios using UV detection at 254 nm. Patient plasma concentration versus time data agree well with previously published data obtained using radiolabelled drug. To improve the specificity and sensitivity of the assay, fluorescence detection by means of a dedicated HPLC detector was implemented. While early fluorescence experiments involving insertion of a flow cell into the block of a typical spectrophotofluorometer were limited by instrumental instability, 5 ng of VP 16 were easily detected by the dedicated HPLC detector. The detection limit from plasma was thus lowered to 50 ng VP 16 per ml. A clinical profile from a patient receiving a small dose of VP 16 showed levels of only 100 ng per ml plasma at 24 hours post infusion. The specificity of the method was demonstrated by concurrent UV detection which showed interferences from other drugs which the patient had received along with VP 16. Investigations into the nature of the hydroxy acid metabolite of VP 16-213 carried out using paired-ion chromatography with tetrabutylammonium bromide and fluorescence detection, are described. Also, a unique separation of VP 16-213 and a possible metabolite, the isomer, picro VP 16-213, is described. A study on the structure activity relationships in the lactone ring D of VP 16-213 was also carried out. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction produced the ring D reduced diol, and recyclization by tosyl chloride in pyridine produced the ring D cyclic ether analog of VP 16 (C=O converted to CH(,2)). Stereospecificity and retention of stereochemistry in the reactions were proven by determination of J(,2,3) using 470 Mhz(\u271)H NMR spectroscopy. J(,2,3) was shown to correlate with cis or trans stereochemistry at the C-2, C-3 ring C-D fusion. Biological testing in L 1210 mouse leukemia showed that VP 16 gave two long-term survivors and that the ether analog gave a 25% ILS, each at doses of 45 mg/kg
Atlanta Inquirer, January 28, 1961
No full textThese articles in the Atlanta Inquirer are about Black student admission into the University of Georgia, the Butler Street YMCA anniversary, racial tensions, and the need to include more details on the student movement efforts and results in other news platforms such as the local public radios. Titles of articles in this issue of Atlanta Inquirer are "Seventy-Seven Years of Service," Holman's "The Man with The Bag," H. Julian Bond's "Perspectives," "One Worth A Thousand," "DeKalb County Would Pay For Racial Strife," and Rev. Middletown with Dr. Thomas J. Pugh's "The Bible Speaks". 1 page
Three-dimensional MR microscopy of a transgenic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy
No full textBACKGROUND: Scientists are now able to alter the genetics of vertebrate embryos routinely to produce animal models of human developmental diseases. However, our understanding of structural changes in these animal models is limited by current methodologies. Histological techniques, although providing great anatomic detail, display only 'static' data (one time point only) in two dimensions. Ultrasound may be used to generate continuous time course data, but is limited by interobserver variation, limited acoustic windows, and relatively low resolution. OBJECTIVE: To apply the high resolution, non-destructive, and three-dimensional acquisition capabilities of magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy to compare the hearts of normal mice versus an established transgenic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transgenic mice exhibiting dilated cardiomyopathy were developed via the introduction of a mutated, heart-specific gene (myosin light chain). Postmortem cardiac imaging was performed on the transgenic mice and normal controls. MR imaging was performed on a Bruker 3T imaging magnet using a custom radiofrequency coil following contrast perfusion of the atrial and ventricular chambers. Image resolution was 156 microm isotropic voxels. MR images were compared to gross pathologic specimens. Imaging data were post-processed using custom software to calculate the volumes of the atria and ventricles and to display the three-dimensional morphology of the chambers and myocardium. RESULTS: Of the seven mice scanned, four exhibited normal right atrial (average = 14.8 microl +/- 1.4), left atrial (average = 8.5 microl +/-0.3), right ventricular (average = 12.9 microl +/-2.7), and left ventricular (average 3.3 microl +/-0.5) volumes. Three mice exhibited dilatation of the right and left cardiac chambers (RA average = 23.9 microl +/-5.6; LA average = 15.9 microl +/-4.8; RV average = 32.5 microl +/- 6.8; LV average 24.0 microl +/-1.4). The gross morphology was verified upon autopsy of the animals and correlated with the animal's genotype. The differences in volumes between the normal and dilated cardiomyopathy mice were statistically significant (P values ranged from 0.001 to 0.024 for the different chambers). CONCLUSION: MR microscopy is a potentially useful tool for developmental biology research. The imaging of mouse hearts is feasible, and these methods provide quantitative and qualitative morphologic data of a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy not available using traditional methods.Source type: Electronic(1
Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry of prostaglandins: Daughter ion spectra of derivatized and isotope-labeled E and D prostanoids
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