1,720,998 research outputs found
Why do scientists create academic spin-offs? The influence of the context
No full textThe aim of this work is to examine the nature of academic spin-offs in a specific context: the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). More specifically we investigate the individual reasons as to explain why scientists create academic spin-offs and how the creation process unfolds. Most economics and management literature on the topic considers the technological characteristics of such a choice, although recently the individual motivations behind the creation of such ventures have been investigated. However, less attention has been paid to the social and contextual dimensions of the matter. This study relates contextual characteristics to individual motivation. In particular it is argued that the funding constraints of the Italian academic environment, the low level of demand for doctorate holders within the Italian public and private sectors and the presence of favourable supporting policy tools in the region analysed, play a fundamental role in shaping the individual motivation of scientists in choosing this option. By way of a multiple case study research this work provides evidence that the academic spin-off in Emilia-Romagna is, for young scientists, a way to escape the bottlenecks of the Italian academic system allowing them to work in their field of expertise. This paper builds on the research regarding individual reasoning underlying personal decisions to create an academic spin-off and the need to analyse the phenomenon in relation to its context. Finally some policy implications are put forth
Il rapporto con gli enti terzi
No full textIl lavoro sull’attività degli sportelli unici della regione Emilia Romagna non può prescindere dall’indagare il rapporto tra i singoli suap e gli enti terzi del territorio. Il presente capitolo si addentra in tale questione affrontando l’analisi su due livelli, quello delle interruzioni/sospensione di pratiche e quello del tempo medio di risposta
Cambiamento tecnologico, upgrading e istituzioni di alta formazione. Modalità e canali di coevoluzione in un distretto tradizionale
No full textThis work aims at studying the mechanisms by which firms belonging to traditional low and medium tech sectors absorb radical new technologies. By means of a coevolutionary analysis we highlight how the technological upgrade of a productive system is the result of the interaction among local actors. The case study of the industrial mechanical district of Reggio Emilia is investigated. The district partially evolved in the technological cluster of mechatronics, and led to the constitution of the Faculty of Mechatronics Engineering in the same province. The analysis shows how the university on the one hand has been instituted to answer the local firms' needs, and on the other hand how it influenced the evolution of the technological capabilities of the local productive system. The analysis leads to some important policy implications
Nelson, Richard Robinson
No full textbiografia e riassunto contributi scientifici principali di Richard Nelso
The governance of knowledge in Academic Spin-offs
Full text linkThe aim of the present work is to study the evolution of organizational knowledge within Academic Spin-off (ASO) firms throughout their life cycle. The exploitation of tacit and indivisible new knowledge developed in the context of academic institutions entails agency problems of different nature; one way to address such challenges is the creation of new business firms by the inventors. At the same time to remain viable and competitive the firm will need to either possess or develop a complex mix of tangible and intangible resources. This work studies the process of firm evolution by looking at the governance mechanisms within and across a Regional sample of ASOs throughout the different stages of their development path. While the scholarly literature indicates implicitly that such a path is unique across all firms, our findings identify a high variety of organizational structures evolution paths undertaken by different firms. On these grounds the study offers some reflections in relation to the theory of the firm
The determinants of academic spin-off creation by Italian universities
No full textThe aim of this work is to investigate the university level determinants of academic spin-off (ASO) firm creation in Italy. We are interested in particular in the relationship between university funding and the university propensity to create spin-offs, and test the effect of public and third-party funds on this tendency. We estimate the effect of several variables for the characteristics of the university and the context. In contrast to our expectations, results indicate that third-party funding does not exert an effect on the propensity of the university to generate ASO firms. Similarly, and in contrast to what the literature suggests, scientific productivity, context innovativeness and patenting experience also do not have a positive and significant effect on the propensity to generate spin-offs. We find that ASO creation is influenced by the amount of public income, by past experience in creating spin-offs and by the presence of a technology transfer office. This work contributes to our understanding of the differences between Italy and the Anglo-Saxon countries in relation to the phenomenon of ASO creation and has some important implications for policy
THE GOVERNANCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN ACADEMIC SPIN-OFFS. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ITALY AND UK.
No full textThe aim of the present work is to study the evolution of organizational knowledge within Academic Spin-off (ASO) firms throughout their life cycle. The exploitation of tacit and indivisible new knowledge developed in the context of academic institutions entails agency problems of different nature; one way to address such challenges is the creation of new business firms by the inventors. At the same time to remain viable and competitive the firm will need to either possess or develop a complex mix of tangible and intangible resources. This work studies the process of firm evolution by looking at the governance mechanisms within and across two Regional sample of ASOs (Emilia Romagna in Italy and Greater Manchester in UK) throughout the different stages of their development path. While the scholarly literature indicates implicitly that such a path is unique across all firms, our findings identify a high variety of organizational structures evolution paths undertaken by different firms. Moreover, the study also reveals how two different contexts approach differently the same phenomenon. It is argued that the UK’s greater experience in dealing with ASOs creation and development lead to a more standardized way of approaching the phenomenon compared to the Italian context. The study also offers some reflections in relation to the theory of the firm
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