30 research outputs found
Wire arc additive manufactured AWS ER100S-G steel: Very high cycle fatigue characterization
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive study on the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) characterization of a wire arc additive manufactured (WAAM) AWS ER100S-G steel. The demand for highperformance materials with superior fatigue properties has grown exponentially. However, the VHCF behavior of large-format WAAM'd structures remains relatively unexplored. In this study, a series of VHCF tests were conducted under fully reversed cyclic loading conditions to investigate the extended fatigue life (performance) of the WAAM ER100S-G steel. The VHCF properties, relative to conventional fatigue employing a servohydraulic testing system, of the WAAM ER100S-G steel were evaluated by analyzing the stress-life (S-N) curves, fatigue crack initiation, and propagation behavior, in a statistical framework, and the fracture surfaces. The results revealed the controlling mechanisms of VHCF failure of the WAAM ER100S-G steel and the fatigue response of the material beyond the conventional fatigue limit of 107 cycles. The findings provide valuable insights into the influence of WAAM-induced defects/microstructure on the extended fatigue performance of WAAM ER100S-G steel, which can aid in optimizing fatigue and durability design guidelines for additive manufacturing applications in high-cycle and very highcycle fatigue domains
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Session E8: Not Just for Adults! Evaluating the Efficacy of Multiple Fish Passage Designs at Low-Head Barriers for the Upstream Movement of Juvenile and Adult Trout Salmo Trutta
No full textPresenting Author: Michael Forty is a final year Ph.D. researcher at Durham University, UK. His research interests are in the field of river restoration ecology, including the efficacy of fish passage and habitat restoration techniques. He previously completed his M.Sc. in River Environmental Management and and B.Sc. in Geography at the University of Birmingham.Abstract: Connectivity in salmonid-streams is vital for juvenile as well as adult trout, yet most upstream passage studies consider only larger adults. Upstream passage of juvenile and adult Salmo trutta at individual and cumulative low-head (< 3 m) barriers on two tributaries of the River Ribble (NW England) was investigated using PIT telemetry during summer/autumn 2013 and 2014. The efficiency of a low-cost baffle fish pass (Servais, 2006) was evaluated for the first time, along with two more traditional poolweir passes, an embedded rock ramp and two culverts. We used a combination of naturally migrating S. trutta and novel innature displacement experiments, where resident fish were displaced from above to below structures and their homing instinct utilised to instigate their ascent of the structure. Each structure was evaluated using several metrics measuring the passage efficiency (PE) and delays incurred before successful passage (time and number of attempts). We show that instigating ascent of a structure through downstream displacement can be successful with up to 91% of displaced fish attempting to pass. Passage efficiencies of up to 82% for the low-cost baffle design were observed, which was comparable to the pool-weir design (up to 84%) and better than the embedded rock ramp (71%). The two culverts had contrasting impacts, with the shorter control (within predicted swim performance) Culvert 1 representing a manmade structure which had little impact on passage efficiency (96% - 100%) and delay metrics compared to Culvert 2 (PE = 41%). Logistic regression demonstrated a strong body-length effect on passage success at passes, with shorter individuals (< 91–132 mm depending on the structure) having a less than 50% probability of successful passage. The study demonstrates the efficacy of three fish passage designs at low-head barriers and the variation in delay that can be incurred even between similarly designed passes
Association between cellulitis (enlarged sternal bursa) and focal ulcerative dermatitis in Ontario turkeys at the time of processing
No full textWe conducted a processing plant survey to determine the prevalence of cellulitis (enlarged sternal bursa) and focal ulcerative dermatitis (FUD) in Ontario turkeys during the summer and to establish whether the two conditions were associated. A total of 11 772 birds from 24 different farms were observed at three processing plants in Ontario, Canada between June and August 2001. Each bird was examined for the presence of cellulitis and FUD. The severity and location of lesions were also noted. The overall prevalence of severe cellulitis (requiring either extensive trimming or condemnation of the bird) was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]=6.7, 10.9) and the overall prevalence for FUD was 22.6% (19.3, 25.9). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the prevalences of the two lesions was 0.56 (P=0.0043), suggesting farms with a high prevalence of FUD in their birds also had a high prevalence of cellulitis. More specifically, birds with FUD were, on average, 10.8 times more likely to have cellulitis than birds without FUD (Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio=10.8; 95% CI=9.5, 12.3). Our observations suggest FUD may predispose birds to cellulitis, in which case, preventing FUD may reduce the occurrence of cellulitis condemnations in turkeys
Language Acquisition: Does Ability in One Language Reflect Ability in Another?
No full textWith the growth of bilingual students in the American education system, debates have emerged about how schools should respond to the cultural and linguistic diversity of minority language students. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to research findings related to bilingualism in minority language children and to demonstrate that ability in one language will reflect ability in another. Following a review of historical literature on the topic, the author examines the bilingual/bicultural education program of the Rochester City School District, in which simultaneous instruction is given in two languages and cultures. To measure the effectiveness of the bilingual program, the author compares the 1988-90 English California Achievement Test (CAT) reading scores and the Spanish Language Assessment System (LAS) scores of native Spanish speakers enrolled in a Rochester City School. The comparison of scores revealed that in the initial year of data collection, a very strong relationship between the students’ ability in Spanish and their ability reading English existed. However, when the same initial Spanish scores are used to predict the English reading scores in later years, the strength of the predictive relationship declines. A student-by-student examination shows that, in general, students are improving in their Spanish ability, but are showing mixed rates of improvement in their English. The author suggests other factors that may influence differences in scores may include the quality of instruction, mobility rate, the age of the child when they began to learn English, and external elements like parental involvement or the general health of the child on the day of the test.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
Help Your Child Write Right
No full textParents are a child’s most important teachers. Well before beginning formal education, children begin to learn how to perceive the world through guidance by their parents. This is a handbook designed to help parents support their preschool and elementary school children learning how to write. The handbook explains the writing process and how schools use certain techniques to develop it within the student. Tips for writing development and a list of possible assessments are provided. The author includes a number of activities which can encourage writing, including the use of wordless books, letter magnets, and sidewalk chalk. The author provides suggestions which can help make the most out of parent-teacher conferences regarding writing. Finally, the author provides a number of tips to ensure that parents encourage and not discourage their children’s writing development.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
Sentinels in the bay: using farm fish to monitor for pathogens in the environment
No full textThe objective of this study was to use sentinel fish to determine whether fallowing would effectively reduce the Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) load around sites in an area where every mariculture site had a history of IHN. The approach involved re-introducing fish to a few strategically placed (sentinel) sites and monitoring them for the presence of the virus over a specified period. Eighteen site visits and 217 viral plaque assays were carried out. No IHN virus was detected in the morts collected during the site visits, nor were there any positive reports from the passive surveillance system. Blood samples collected at the end of the grow-out period, indicated that the fish from one of tha sites had antibodies to IHN virus at the tome of harvest. Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus was detected on this site ten months after fish were transferred to the site
A Correlation and Regression Study of the Predictive Validity of the Stanford Achievement Test in the Spencerport Schools
No full textThe use of achievement tests has become widespread in American education, as they help identify learning gaps or problems for individual students and help school administrators evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional programs in each individual school or district. Given their ubiquity, it is essential to research the reliability and validity of achievement tests in meeting the educational objectives of school districts. This study examines the predictive validity of the commonly used Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) in the Spencerport School District. A sample of 112 students were identified who had spent kindergarten through grade six in the district. The scores of this group’s fourth and sixth grade SATs were subjected to correlation and regression analysis to see how accurately the variation in fourth grade scores explains the variation in sixth grade scores and whether there was a statistically significant difference in the mean performance of male and female students. The author found that for the reading comprehension portion of the test, fourth grade scores explained 53% of the variation in sixth grade scores, while for the mathematics portion, fourth grade scores explained 67% of the variation in sixth grade scores. This means that the reading scores can be interpreted as moderately strong in predictive value while math scores can be interpreted as very strong. The author also found no statistically significant difference between male and female students on either portion of the exam.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
The Effects of Expository and Discovery Instruction on Elementary Science Students' Performance on the New York State Elementary Science Program Evaluation Test
No full textVarious methods exist for scientific instruction of elementary school students. This paper compares the expository method, in which the teacher and textbook take a central role in instruction, and the discovery method, in which students learn through hands-on activities, to determine which method was more successful at fulfilling the New York State syllabus recommendations represented by the New York State Elementary Science Program Evaluation Test (NYS ESPET). The results of the study would hopefully lead to some practical generalizations which can assist individuals and systems when deciding on an appropriate and effective method of curriculum design and implementation. A sample fourth grade group from a rural elementary school who had received expository instruction was compared to a combined sample group from two rural elementary schools which had used the discovery method. Two coginitive ability tests were used as the pretests to establish equivalency between the two treatment groups while the EPSET was used as the post-test to establish any significant difference between the two groups in student academic achievement. Criterion measures were also used to determine the strengths of the relationships between treatment group and performance. Analysis showed that there was absolutely no statistically significant difference for any of the criterion measures at the 95% confidence level. The author suggests this lack of information may be because the EPSET isn’t a sufficient indicator of difference or relationship.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
A Case Study: An Investigation on Influences Affecting the Reading Levels of Bilingual Students
No full textThis study examines the reading of native Spanish-speaking Hispanic students, focusing on any influences or factors that might impede their ability to gain competence in their target language—English. It focuses on eight students from a middle school in Rochester, NY. Four students scoring in the lower half of the Pupil Evaluation Program (PEP) test and four students scoring in the upper half were selected for examination. Each student participated in a personal interview to determine whether there are any influences that impact them in the affective domain. The study reveals four primary concerns that may impact student success, including parent/school miscommunication about the bilingual program, code-mixing in the home, parental modeling and reading instruction, and the lack of adequate Spanish reading material available to the bilingual students. In addition, the author notes that using bilingual programs to transition multi-lingual students into an exclusively English environment seems counterproductive, given the emphasis on foreign language acquisition in secondary school.SUNY BrockportEducation and Human DevelopmentMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
A Comparative Study Between the Bilingual and Non-Bilingual Program Students in Reading and Mathematics
No full textAs part of New York State regulations designed to improve the quality of education, students must complete Pupil Evaluation Program (PEP) tests so that teachers can identify those students who are not learning at a rate that will allow them to pass the Regents Comprehensive Test (CT). This study investigates general comparisons between bilingual program students and non-bilingual program students on the New York Pupil Evaluation Program (NYPEP) tests for total Reading and total Mathematics. It seeks to move beyond comparisons of mean performance and to analyze the evaluation within each distribution of scores and investigate the explanatory power of the treatment effect size. Consequently, it can be viewed as a pilot exploration into the worth of Point Biserial Correlation techniques in furthering an understanding of the observed variation in the two sets of scores. The author compared the PEP scores of 80 sixth grade students, half of whom are taught in bilingual programs and half of whom are not. The results showed that Bilingual program students were performing slightly lower than the non-Bilingual group. However, the author cautions that the non-Bilingual group is more academically prepared in the English language in which the tests are given. That the Bilingual students were able to do as well as they did in a language and cultural-academic setting which is newer to them than non-Bilingual students should be taken into account when comparing groups. Finally, the use of Point Biserial Correlation allowed for the collection of more statistically supportive data than simply comparing differences between performance means.SUNY BrockportMaster of Science in Education (MSEd)Education and Human Development Master's These
