192 research outputs found
Polish historical book as a phenomenon of intellectual culture of the Renaissance
No full textThe article is dedicated to the problem of evolution of Polish history book in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. The author studied manuscripts and old-printed books of most famous Polish historians – Jan Długosz, Mathias Mechovius, Martin Kromer, Marcin and Joachim Bielski, Maciej Stryjkowski, Alexander Guagnini – written at the time in Latin and Polish
Corrigendum: 1000 Genomes-based meta-analysis identifies 10 novel loci for kidney function
No full textThe original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Martin H. de Borst, which was incorrectly given as Martin de Borst. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textSince 2013, highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus has caused considerable economic losses in the United States. To determine the relation of US strains to those recently causing disease in Germany, we compared genomes and found that the strain from Germany is closely related to variants in the United States
Financial safety nets and incentive structures in Latin America
No full textThe literature on safety nets has become technically more precise by drawing on advances in contract theory and optimal governance structure. This paper begins with a treatment of some aspects of the theory. The author's approach draws more on institutional economics, and more precisely on the approach taken by Kindleberger (1978), in the sense that he believes the design of good financial safety nets for Latin America depends upon an understanding of the way that formal ex-ante safety nets have broken down during times of crisis over the past one hundred years. In this paper then author explores issues surrounding safety nets for financial systems in small open economies like those in Latin America. The starting point in Section 2 is the idea that asymmetric information will generally restrict the scope for lending to potential borrowers. Section 3 shows that government regulation of financial intermediaries can frequently lower the cost of lending. Section 4 discusses the creation of central banks in Latin America in the 1920s as an innovation to promote financial deepening. Section 5 shows that the extension of the safety net to depositors is a relatively new and untested development. Section 6 concludes with a discussion of the design of safety nets that takes into account the principles developed in the paper.Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,Banks&Banking Reform,Labor Policies,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
Først kommer kulturen, så kommer pengene
No full textThe thesis at hand deals with the opposition between culture and money as presented in the field of power in the work of the Danish author Martin Kongstad. Furthermore it seeks to discuss his position in the Danish literary field. Pierre Bourdieu’s literary sociology and conceptual framework in general has provided the tools necessary to address my thesis statement. The analysis has shown that characters representing re-spectively culture and money often interact, but while the wealthy characters often strive for acceptance from the highly educated, artistic and creative characters, the admiration does not work the other way around. On a larger scale the opposition be-tween culture and money has resulted in a new class of society: The creative class. An analysis of the book reviews and a discussion of his two book’s characteristics has shown that Martin Kongstad’s position is relatively isolated in the middle of the Dan-ish literary field, but alas a little more related to the commercial part than the artistic
When do special interests run rampant ? disentangling the role in banking crises of elections, incomplete information, and checks and balances
No full textThe author investigates the political determinants of government decisions that benefit special interest groups - especially government decisions to deal with banking crises. He finds that the better informed the voters, the more proximate elections, and the larger the number of political veto players ( conditional on the costs to voters of relevant policy decision), the smaller the government's fiscal transfer are to the financial sector and the less likely the government is to exercise forbearance in dealing with insolvent financial institutions. The results suggest that policies thatmight be appropriate for mitigating banking crises in the United States might be less effective in settings where voters are less informed, where elections are less competitive, and where there are fewer veto players, because in these settings checks and balances are missing. These policies include: a) Disseminating information about the costs of inefficient government decisions. b) Improving the structure of legislative regulatory oversight. c) Intervening early in insolvent banks. The author concludes that the more veto players there are, the less likely policies are to favor special interest groups (contrary to previous views). Moreover, the closer the elections, the less likely policies are to favor special interest groups.
Health insurance reform in four Latin American countries : theory and practice
No full textThe author examines public economics rationales for public intervention in health insurance markets, draws on the literature of organizational design to examine alternative intervention strategies, and considers health insurance reforms in four Latin American countries -- Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia -- in light of the theoretical literature. Equity has been the main reason for large-scale public intervention in the health insurance sector, despite the well-known failures of insurance and health care markets associated with imperfect information. Recent reforms have sought less to make private markets more efficient than to make public provision more efficient, sometimes by altering the focus and function of existing institutions (such as the obras sociales in Argentina) or by encouraging the growth of new ones (such as Chile's ISAPREs). Generally, these four Latin American countries have reformed the ways insurance and care are organized and delivered, have tried to extend formal coverage to previously marginalized groups, and have tried to finance this extension fairly. Colombia instituted an implicit two-tiered voucher scheme financed through a proportional wage tax. Chile's financing mechanism is similar but the distribution of benefits is less progressive, so the net effect is less redistributive. Argentina's remodeled obras system went halfway: the financing base is similar and there is some implicit redistribution from richer to poorer obras, but the quality of insurance increases with income. On the face of it, Brazil's health insurance system is less redistributive than those of the other three countries, as no tax is earmarked for financing health insurance. But taxes paid by higher-income taxpayers are not reduced when they choose private insurance, highlighting the problem of examining the health sector independent of the general tax and transfer system.Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Insurance Law,Economic Theory&Research
The AWAKE Run 2 programme and beyond
No full textAutores: Edda Gschwendtner, Konstantin Lotov, Patric Muggli, Matthew Wing, Riccardo Agnello, Claudia Christina Ahdida, Maria Carolina Amoedo Goncalves, Yanis Andrebe, Oznur Apsimon, Robert Apsimon, Jordan Matias Arnesano, Anna-Maria Bachmann, Diego Barrientos, Fabian Batsch, Vittorio Bencini, Michele Bergamaschi, Patrick Blanchard, Philip Nicholas Burrows, Birger Buttenschön, Allen Caldwell, James Chappell, Eric Chevallay, Moses Chung, David Andrew Cooke, Heiko Damerau, Can Davut, Gabor Demeter, Amos Christopher Dexter, Steffen Doebert, Francesa Ann Elverson, John Farmer, Ambrogio Fasoli, Valentin Fedosseev, Ricardo Fonseca, Ivo Furno, Spencer Gessner, Aleksandr Gorn, Eduardo Granados, Marcel Granetzny, Tim Graubner, Olaf Grulke, Eloise Daria Guran, Vasyl Hafych, Anthony Hartin, James Henderson, Mathias Hüther, Miklos Kedves, Fearghus Keeble, Vadim Khudiakov, Seong-Yeol Kim, Florian Kraus, Michel Krupa, Thibaut Lefevre, Linbo Liang, Shengli Liu, Nelson Lopes, Miguel Martinez Calderon, Stefano Mazzoni, David Medina Godoy, Joshua Moody, Kookjin Moon, Pablo Israel Morales Guzmán, Mariana Moreira, Tatiana Nechaeva, Elzbieta Nowak, Collette Pakuza, Harsha Panuganti, Ans Pardons, Kevin Pepitone, Aravinda Perera, Jan Pucek, Alexander Pukhov, Rebecca Louise Ramjiawan, Stephane Rey, Adam Scaachi, Oliver Schmitz, Eugenio Senes, Fernando Silva, Luis Silva, Christine Stollberg, Alban Sublet, Catherine Swain, Athanasios Topaloudis, Nuno Torrado, Petr Tuev, Marlene Turner, Francesco Velotti, Livio Verra, Victor Verzilov, Jorge Vieira, Helmut Vincke, Martin Weidl, Carsten Welsch, Manfred Wendt, Peerawan Wiwattananon, Joseph Wolfenden, Benjamin Woolley, Samuel Wyler, Guoxing Xia, Vlada Yarygova, Michael Zepp, Giovanni Zevi Della Porta. ::: Publisher: [MDPI] ::: Location: [
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