1,721,037 research outputs found
Tome III - REM 1001 à REM 1278
No full textLeclant Jean, Heyler André, Berger el Naggar Catherine, Carrier Claude, Rilly Claude. Tome III - REM 1001 à REM 1278. In: Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique, Tome III - REM 1001 à REM 1278, sous la direction de Jean Leclant. 2000. pp. 1373-2083
Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387
No full textLeclant Jean, Heyler André, Berger el Naggar Catherine, Carrier Claude, Rilly Claude. Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387. In: Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique, Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387, sous la direction de Jean Leclant. 2000. pp. 1-713
Avant-propos
No full textLeclant Jean, Heyler André, Berger el Naggar Catherine, Carrier Claude, Rilly Claude. Avant-propos. In: Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique, Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387, sous la direction de Jean Leclant. 2000. pp. 15-18
Tome II - REM 0401 à REM 0851
No full textLeclant Jean, Heyler André, Berger el Naggar Catherine, Carrier Claude, Rilly Claude. Tome II - REM 0401 à REM 0851. In: Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique, Tome II - REM 0401 à REM 0851, sous la direction de Jean Leclant. 2000. pp. 715-1371
Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387
No full textLeclant Jean, Heyler André, Berger el Naggar Catherine, Carrier Claude, Rilly Claude. Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387. In: Répertoire d'épigraphie méroïtique, Tome I - REM 0001 à REM 0387, sous la direction de Jean Leclant. 2000. pp. 1-713
Méroïtique et parlers nubiens anciens
No full textCet article illustre l’apport de la linguistique à l’histoire, dans une région, l’espace Tchad-Soudan-Érythrée, où les données anciennes sont très lacunaires. La première partie aborde les problèmes de déchiffrement que pose la langue du Royaume de Méroé (Soudan antique), et expose les récentes avancées de l’auteur vers la traduction de ces textes millénaires, qui permettra de mieux comprendre la plus ancienne culture écrite d’Afrique noire. La seconde partie démontre l’existence d’une langue disparue, apparentée au méroïtique, parlée au nord du Soudan jusqu’à la fin de l’antiquité. Peut-être était-ce la langue du mystérieux Groupe C bien connu des archéologues. Dans la dernière partie, l’auteur prouve par l’étude d’emprunts lexicaux que les « sultanats » tounjour du Darfour et du Ouaddaï n’étaient autres que des extensions du royaume chrétien de Makouria, au Soudan.Méroïtic and ancient Nubian languages. This paper illustrates how linguistics can help history in areas such as the Chad-Sudan-Eritrea region, where ancient historical data are scanty or missing. In the first part, issues connected with the decipherment of the extinct language of Meroe, in Sudan, are reviewed. The author explains his recent progress toward the translation of the Meroitic texts, the earliest written documents of Subsaharan Africa. The second part deals with an extinct language of Lower Nubia, possibly the language of the famous Group C, whose traces can be found in the variety of Nubian spoken nowadays in Northern Sudan. In the last part, the author uses linguistic data, namely loanwords, to demonstrate that the so-called « Tunjur sultanates » in Darfur and Waddai were actually extensions of the Christian Kingdom of Makuria in Sudan
Meroitic Writing
Get PDFInternational audienceMeroitic, the main language of ancient Sudan, remained unwritten for at least two millennia. There were only rare transcriptions of proper names in Egyptian texts. With the rise of the 25th ‘Kushite’ dynasty, Egyptian script and language became the official means of written communication in Kush. A local form of Demotic was probably used in addition to the hieroglyphs, although archaeological evidence is still lacking. This local Demotic is the ancestor of the Meroitic cursive script, which appeared in the third century BC. A century later, a second script, called ‘hieroglyphic’, was created in order to replace Egyptian in the monumental inscriptions. The signs were selected among the Egyptian hieroglyphs but this new script was merely the prestigious counterpart of the cursive characters, with a one-to-one correspondence between signs. The Meroitic writing system is an alphasyllabary. It includes 16 basic signs for syllables with default vowel /a/ and three vocalic modifiers used to write syllables with /e/, /ə/, /i/ and /u/. Four additional signs are used for the frequent syllables ne, se, te, to. A word-divider made of two or three dots is inserted between the different groups of the sentences. The Meroitic script disappeared in the 5th century AD, but three signs were integrated in the Old Nubian alphabet, which remained in use until the conversion to Isla
Meroitic Language and Script
No full textInternational audienceMeroitic was the language of the elite during the three successive kingdoms of Kush, from 2000 bce to450 ce. Only in the last stage of its long history was it written with a script of its own, an alphasyllabarywhose signs, numbering twenty-three plus a word-divider, were ultimately derived from the Egyptianscripts. This alphasyllabary used two distinct sets of signs, hieroglyphic and cursive, the former for sacredtexts in the temples and chapels, the latter for all other contexts.The script was deciphered in 1911 by F. L.Griffith, but the language itself, after a century of research, is only partially understood, mainly becausebilingual inscriptions are missing and, until recently, the linguistic family to which Meroitic belongswas disputed. In the last decade, this family, a subgroup of the Nilo-Saharan phylum called NorthernEast Sudanic (NES), was identified by the present author. In addition to Meroitic, it includes four smalllanguage families extending from Chad to Eritrea: Tama and Mararit in Waddai and Darfur; Nyimangand Afitti in the NubaMountains, in central Sudan; Nubian language group in Darfur, Kordofan, and inthe Nile Valley in the north of Sudan and the southernmost part of Egypt; and, finally, the Nara dialectsin western Eritrea. Around 2000 Meroitic texts of various length are known, but new inscriptions arefound every year. Most of them are funerary texts, but there are also royal chronicles, pilgrims’ graffiti,and many other textual categories, inscribed on stone, potsherds, wood, and papyrus
Meroitic Language and Script
No full textInternational audienceMeroitic was the language of the elite during the three successive kingdoms of Kush, from 2000 bce to450 ce. Only in the last stage of its long history was it written with a script of its own, an alphasyllabarywhose signs, numbering twenty-three plus a word-divider, were ultimately derived from the Egyptianscripts. This alphasyllabary used two distinct sets of signs, hieroglyphic and cursive, the former for sacredtexts in the temples and chapels, the latter for all other contexts.The script was deciphered in 1911 by F. L.Griffith, but the language itself, after a century of research, is only partially understood, mainly becausebilingual inscriptions are missing and, until recently, the linguistic family to which Meroitic belongswas disputed. In the last decade, this family, a subgroup of the Nilo-Saharan phylum called NorthernEast Sudanic (NES), was identified by the present author. In addition to Meroitic, it includes four smalllanguage families extending from Chad to Eritrea: Tama and Mararit in Waddai and Darfur; Nyimangand Afitti in the NubaMountains, in central Sudan; Nubian language group in Darfur, Kordofan, and inthe Nile Valley in the north of Sudan and the southernmost part of Egypt; and, finally, the Nara dialectsin western Eritrea. Around 2000 Meroitic texts of various length are known, but new inscriptions arefound every year. Most of them are funerary texts, but there are also royal chronicles, pilgrims’ graffiti,and many other textual categories, inscribed on stone, potsherds, wood, and papyrus
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