164 research outputs found
Am J Primatol
No full textEstrogen depletion leads to bone loss in almost all mammals with frequent regular ovarian cycles. However, subordinate adult female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) undergo socially induced anovulation and hypoestrogenism without clinically apparent adverse skeletal consequences. Thus, we speculated that this non human primate might have evolved a mechanism to avoid estrogen-depletion bone loss. To test this possibility, we performed three experiments in which lumbar-spine (L5-L6) bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: (i) cross-sectionally in 13 long-term ovariectomized animals and 12 age- and weight-matched controls undergoing ovulatory cycles; (ii) longitudinally in 12 animals prior to, 3-4 and 6-7 months following ovariectomy (ovx), and six controls; and (iii) cross-sectionally in nine anovulatory subordinate and nine dominant females. In Experiments 1 and 3, plasma estradiol and estrone concentrations were measured and uterine dimensions were obtained by ultrasound in a subset of animals as a marker of functional estrogen depletion. Estrogen levels, uterine trans-fundus width, and uterine dorso-ventral diameter were lower in ovariectomized and subordinate females than in those undergoing ovulatory cycles. However, no differences were found in L5-L6 BMC or BMD. These results indicate that estrogen depletion, whether surgically or socially induced, is not associated with lower bone mass in female common marmosets. Thus, this species may possess unique adaptations to avoid bone loss associated with estrogen depletion.R03 MH60728/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United StatesP01 AG11915/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United StatesP01 AG011915/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United StatesR03 AG15621/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United StatesP51 OD011106/OD/NIH HHS/United StatesIBN-9604321/National Science Foundation/InternationalP51 OD011106/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United StatesR01 MH060728/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United State
パメラ・コールマン・スミスとJ. M. バリー ― タロットカード「愚者」をめぐって―
No full text本稿は、ウェイト＝スミス版タロットの画家パメラ・コールマン・スミスを文化・文学史的に位置づける研究の一環として、J. M. バリーとの関係をタロットカード⚐番「愚者」を通して考察する試みである。
まずは、両者を結ぶ接点として重要なのが、シェイクスピア劇の名女優エレン・テリーであり、20世紀初頭イギリスの文化的ネットワークの中で彼女を媒介とした交流に注目する。その上で、バリーとコールマン・スミスの若年期の喪失体験と、それによって形成された類似した気質や精神的傾向が、それぞれの創作活動にどのような影響を与えたかを明らかにする。特にコールマン・スミスの「愚者」には、作画を監修したオカルティスト、アーサー・エドワード・ウェイトの意向以上に、バリーの影響を読み取ることができる点が重要である。
最終的に、本稿は『ピーター・パン』と「愚者」におけるジェンダー表象とその象徴的意味を分析し、コールマン・スミスが社会規範やジェンダー観に対して込めた解釈を明らかにする。あわせて、バリーとの文化的接点を手がかりに、従来占術的に解釈されてきた「愚者」に新たな意味づけの可能性を提示する。This paper forms part of a broader project that situates Pamela Colman Smith, illustrator of the Waite-Smith tarot deck, within cultural and literary history. It examines her relationship with J. M. Barrie, author of Peter Pan, through the lens of the tarot card “The Fool.”
A key figure linking the two is the celebrated Shakespearean actress Ellen Terry, whose role in early twentieth-century cultural networks created a point of contact between Colman Smith and Barrie. By tracing these connections, the study highlights the overlapping artistic circles in which they moved.
The paper further investigates how formative childhood losses shaped both figures and influenced their creative output. Barrie’s brother’s death and Colman Smith’s early loss of her parents left enduring marks on their personalities and imaginations, producing shared themes of arrested growth and retreat into fantasy. Of particular importance is Colman Smith’s “Fool” card, where Barrie’s influence can be discerned even more strongly than that of Arthur Edward Waite, the occultist who supervised her illustrations of the tarot cards.
Finally, the discussion turns to issues of gender and symbolism in both Peter Pan and “The Fool”. The analysis shows how Colman Smith challenged conventional views of gender by reimagining “The Fool” in ways that resist traditional male-centered depictions. At the same time, this paper proposes a new interpretive dimension: “The Fool” can be read not only as a symbol of innocence and new beginnings but also as an invitation to revisit one’s childhood when confronting present challenges. In this way, by considering Colman Smith’s work alongside Barrie’s, the paper positions “The Fool” card within broader cultural debates in literature, theatre, and early twentieth-century thought.departmental bulletin pape
Contracting arrangements in agribusiness procurement practices in South Africa
No full textContracting arrangements in agribusiness procurement practices in South AfricaProcurement, contracting, agro-processing,
Complex scale-free networks with tunable power-law exponent and clustering
No full textThis article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. It is distributed under a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier B.V.We introduce a network evolution process motivated by the network of citations in the scientific literature. In each iteration of the process a node is born and directed links are created from the new node to a set of target nodes already in the network. This set includes mm “ambassador” nodes and ll of each ambassador’s descendants where mm and ll are random variables selected from any choice of distributions plpl and qmqm. The process mimics the tendency of authors to cite varying numbers of papers included in the bibliographies of the other papers they cite. We show that the degree distributions of the networks generated after a large number of iterations are scale-free and derive an expression for the power-law exponent. In a particular case of the model where the number of ambassadors is always the constant mm and the number of selected descendants from each ambassador is the constant ll, the power-law exponent is (2l+1)/l(2l+1)/l. For this example we derive expressions for the degree distribution and clustering coefficient in terms of ll and mm. We conclude that the proposed model can be tuned to have the same power law exponent and clustering coefficient of a broad range of the scale-free distributions that have been studied empirically.EPSR
Copper metabolism and gut morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic sublethal dietary copper exposure
No full textJuvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 11 (control), 300 (medium), and 1000 mug Cu.g(1) (high) (as CuSO(4)5H(2)O) in the diet for 28 days at a daily ration of 4% wet body weight, with a background waterborne Cu concentration of 3 mug.L-1. There was no effect of dietary Cu on growth, condition factor, or food conversion efficiency. Whole-body Cu content increased continuously over the exposure period in all groups and was twofold and fourfold higher than controls at day 28 for the medium- and high-Cu diets, respectively. Copper accumulated mainly in liver and gut tissue, with the latter stabilizing by day 14. Accumulation also occurred in gill, kidney, and carcass. Plasma Cu concentration was not different from the controls whereas Cu in bile was greatly elevated, an indication of increased hepatobiliary excretion. Dietary Cu pre-exposure decreased the uptake of waterborne Cu across the gills, providing the first evidence of homeostatic interaction between the two routes of uptake. Electron microscopic observations of the midintestine revealed numerous mitochondria, lysosomes, lamellated bodies, and extensive lamellar processes in the enterocytes. Apoptosis, mitosis, and eosinophilic granule cells were more apparent in Cu-exposed fish.PT: J; CR: BERNTSSEN MHG, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V46, P87 CAMPBELL HA, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V46, P177 COLMAN JR, 1979, SCANNING ELECT MICRO, V11, P801 CRESPO S, 1986, J FISH BIOL, V28, P68 DALLINGER R, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V67, P82 DALLINGER R, 1987, OECOLOGIA, V73, P91 EZEASOR DN, 1980, J FISH BIOL, V17, P529 FARAG AM, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P2021 GATLIN DM, 1986, AQUACULTURE, V54, P277 GROSELL M, 2000, IN PRESS AM J PHYSL GROSELL MH, 1997, AQUAT TOXICOL, V38, P257 GROSELL MH, 1998, AQUAT TOXICOL, V40, P275 GUASTADISEGNI C, 1999, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V57, P415 HANDY RD, 1992, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V22, P74 HANDY RD, 1993, AQUAT TOXICOL, V27, P1 HANDY RD, 1996, TOXICOLOGY AQUATIC P, P29 HANDY RD, 1999, AQUAT TOXICOL, V47, P23 HUGHES GM, 1984, FISH PHYSIOL, V10, P1 JULSHAMN K, 1988, AQUACULTURE, V73, P143 LANNO RP, 1985, AQUACULTURE, V49, P257 LANNO RP, 1987, AQUAT TOXICOL, V10, P251 LULLMANNRAUCH R, 1979, LYSOSOMES APPLIED BI, V6, P49 MACRAE RK, 1999, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V18, P1180 MARR JCA, 1996, AQUAT TOXICOL, V36, P17 MCDONALD DG, 1993, FISH ECOPHYSIOLOGY, P270 MILLER PA, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1683 MOUNT DR, 1994, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V13, P2031 MURAI T, 1981, AQUACULTURE, V22, P352 NONNOTTE L, 1986, CELL TISSUE RES, V243, P619 OGINO C, 1980, NIPPON SUISAN GAKK, V46, P455 TAYLOR LN, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P2298 WEIS P, 1986, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V65, P167 WOLF K, 1963, PROGRE FISH CULT, V25, P135 WOOD CM, 1992, AQUAT TOXICOL, V22, P239 WOODWARD DF, 1994, T AM FISH SOC, V123, P51 WOODWARD DF, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P1994; NR: 36; TC: 24; J9: CAN J FISHERIES AQUAT SCI; PG: 13; GA: 399WRSource type: Electronic(1
Fathering style influences health outcome in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) offspring.
No full textIn the cooperative breeding common marmoset monkey, Callithrix jacchus, fathers share the care responsibility and energetic load with their mate from the time their infants are born. However, not all fathers show the same level of participation in direct infant care. Here we present the first results demonstrating that fathering style can improve both survival and growth trajectory of a male's offspring during the first 30 weeks of life and that these infant outcomes are consistent within a father throughout successive births. Twenty-four marmoset fathers were tested for their responsiveness to an infant distress call when their infants were approximately two weeks old. These fathers were categorized as either responsive (RS) or nonresponsive (NRS) based on their response to the calls. Survival past 1 month was then determined and bi-monthly weights of current infants through 30 weeks of age were taken. Infant survival to the first month was significantly higher with RS fathers than with NRS fathers during this critical time period. Infants from RS fathers also had a higher growth trajectory with significant differences in body weight in the 28th and 30th week after birth. Only the RS fathers showed a significant increase in serum testosterone in response to infant cries suggesting a physiological role of testosterone in the motivation to search for the infant. Furthermore, all offspring born to RS fathers from subsequent births also showed a significantly higher survival rate and higher growth trajectory than for offspring of NRS fathers. These results suggest that fathering style is a consistent trait and responsive fathers improve infant survival rate and growth during the first 30 weeks. Such fathering style traits may be passed on to the male offspring due to environmental or genetic factors
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