143 research outputs found
Book Review: Sunday School: The Formation of an American Institution, 1790-1880, by Richard W. Pointer
No full textEncounters of the Spirit
No full textHistorians have long been aware that the encounter with Europeans affected all aspects of Native American life. But were Indians the only ones changed by these cross-cultural meetings? Might the newcomers' ways, including their religious beliefs and practices, have also been altered amid their myriad contacts with native peoples? In Encounters of the Spirit, Richard W. Pointer takes up these intriguing questions in an innovative study of the religious encounter between Indians and Euro-Americans in early America. Exploring a series of episodes across the three centuries of the colonial era and stretching from New Spain to New France and the English settlements, he finds that the flow of cultural influence was more often reciprocal than unidirectional
Independent stratum formation on the avian sex chromosomes reveals inter-chromosomal gene conversion and predominance of purifying selection on the w chromosome
No full textWe used a comparative approach spanning three species and 90 million years to study the evolutionary history of the avian sex chromosomes. Using whole transcriptomes, we assembled the largest cross-species dataset of W-linked coding content to date. Our results show that recombination suppression in large portions of the avian sex chromosomes has evolved independently, and that long-term sex chromosome divergence is consistent with repeated and independent inversions spreading progressively to restrict recombination. In contrast, over short-term periods we observe heterogeneous and locus specific divergence. We also uncover four instances of gene conversion between both highly diverged and recently evolved gametologs, suggesting a complex mosaic of recombination suppression across the sex chromosomes. Lastly, evidence from 16 gametologs reveal that the W chromosome is evolving with a significant contribution of purifying selection, consistent with previous findings that W-linked genes play an important role in encoding sex-specific fitness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
A fast analysis for thread-local garbage collection with dynamic class loading
No full textLong-running, heavily multi-threaded, Java server applications make stringent demands of garbage collector (GC) performance. Synchronisation of all application threads before garbage collection is a significant bottleneck for JVMs that use native threads. We present a new static analysis and a novel GC framework designed to address this issue by allowing independent collection of threadlocal heaps. In contrast to previous work, our solution safely classifies objects even in the presence of dynamic class loading, requires neither write-barriers that may do unbounded work, nor synchronisation, nor locks during thread-local collections; our analysis is sufficiently fast to permit its integration into a high-performance, productionquality virtual machine. 1
The significance of the"Europe agreements"for Central European industrial exports
No full textIn 1991 and 1992, the European Union (EU) and the economies in transition of Central and Southern Europe - the CEE-5 (Bulgaria, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania) - signed the European Association Agreements. The Agreements established a new framework for their mutual economic relationship, including the transition to a free trade regime for industrial products. The importance of the"Europe Agreements"has been underscored by the rapidly shifting trade patterns between the CEE-5 countries and OECD markets, and by the emergence of the EU as their major trading partner. The author examines the significance of the trade concessions granted by the EU to the CEE-5 countries (1) by analyzing the incidence of EU trade barriers on imports from the CEE-5 before and after implementation of the Agreements and (2) by identifying trade flows of groups of industrial products subject to different concessions.He focuses on trade liberalizing measures for industrial products for which a free trade regime should be in place no later than five years after the Agreements are in force. (Excluded are textiles and clothing, discussed in the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations.) Overall, the industrial product trade provisions of the Agreements, which affect about 80 percent of CEE-5 exports to the EU, significantly improve those countries'access to EU markets. In 1992, the first year they were in force in Hungary, Poland, and the former Czechoslovakia, the Agreements freed slightly less than 50 percent of total exports to the EU from import duties and nontariff barriers (NTB's). In terms of the 1992 composition of exports, this"free trade"share in total exports increases over five years to about 80 percent for the former Czechoslovakia, 60 percent for Hungary, and 70 percent for Poland. Although there are significant differences in the composition of exports from CEE-5 economies affected by EU trade liberalizing measures, these are the result of varying shares of sensitive (especially agricultural) products across countries, not dissimilar of concessions from the EU. The EU's negotiation approach, as revealed in the Agreements, was to minimize the adverse effects of opening up"sensitive"sectors: the time and the pace of transition tends to be longer and slower for groups of products with higher NTB-coverage ratios and higher average tariffs. Whether by design or not, the variation in products identified in various provisions assures a more equitable treatment of CEE-5 countries, judging from their industrial export patterns in 1990-92.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agribusiness&Markets,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade Policy
A textual analysis of section 164 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
Book Review: The Presbyterian Predicament: Six Perspectives, edited by Milton J. Coalter, John M. Mulder, and Louis B. Weeks; The Mainstream Protestant "Decline": The Presbyterian Pattern, edited by Milton J. Coalter, John M. Mulder, and Louis B. Weeks; The Confessional Mosaic: Presbyterians and Twentieth-Century Theology, edited by Milton J. Coalter, John M. Mulder, and Louis B. Weeks
No full textAn Almost Friend: Papunhank, Quakers, and the Search for Security amid Pennsylvania\u27s Wars, 1754-65
No full textPapunhank wanted no part of war. The community he had gathered of Delawares, Nanticokes, and Munsees in the early 1750s hung in the balance as violence raged across major portions of the British and French mainland colonial empires from 1754 to 1765, even seeping to the edges of imperial centers in Quebec, Montreal, and Philadelphia. In Pennsylvania, within Indian country and colonial settlements alike, religious leaders struggled to map out paths for their peoples to avoid destruction. Papunhank’s followers coalesced around his reform message, which combined an emphasis on the wisdom of ancient native ways with a willingness to benefit from the resources other communities possessed. From his town of Wyalusing along the north branch of the Susquehanna River, Papunhank pursued various strategies to maintain the community’s viability amid a decade of war, none more important than searching for key allies who could aid his people politically and spiritually. Naturally, he sought productive relationships with other Indians, especially larger numbers of eastern Delawares and the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. But he also endeavored to make himself valuable to the Pennsylvania government and to explore connections with Euro- American pacifist Christians. Ultimately, Papunhank joined himself and a portion of his community to the Moravians, but not before seriously considering a close attachment to the Friends. During the first half of the 1760s, his band and influential members of the Society of Friends were drawn to one another, each believing the other had something valuable to offer. Crafting an alliance appeared to hold great promise. Yet, in the end, that promise dissipated almost as quickly as it arose, and Papunhank and Philadelphia Quakers went their separate ways
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