85 research outputs found
The Influence on Hydrodynamic Drag of High Molecular Weight Compounds in the Turbulent Boundary Layer
No full textTitle: The Influence on Hydrodynamic Drag of High Molecular Weight Compounds in the Turbulent Boundary Layer, Author: John R. Smallman, Location: ThodeThis thesis describes in detail an experimental study made into the
evaluation and explanation of the reduction in hydrodynamic drag resulting
from the addition of small proportions of certain water soluble polymers
to distilled water. An experimental apparatus was designed which would, it was hoped,
yield repeatable results. This apparatus consisted basically of a chamber
which was filled with the test fluid, and which contained a rotating disk
whose speed could be varied and whose torque could be measured. To develop a theory which would explain this reduction in hydrodynamic
drag a boundary layer velocity profile was determined for pure water at
a given disk radius, and then for water containing the long chain polymer
"polyacrylamide MRL-159". These two velocity profiles were determined
using a special velocity probe developed for the purpose; and hence a
section of this thesis will describe in detail its development and operation. All solution concentrations alluded to in the text, in the tabular and
graphical presentations, and in the calculations are in parts of solute
per million parts of solvent (P.P.M.), by weight. The weights of the solutes used in the determination of concentrations
were corrected for moisture content as determined in oven drying procedures
fully described in section 4.2 entitled "Stock Preparation and Control".ThesisMaster of Engineering (ME
Characterisation of the recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of waste
No full textThis study investigates the use of UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to assess the early development of recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on fresh waste (FW) and composted waste (CW) over a period of 150 days and leachates produced from the degradation of two wastes were analysed for humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) structures by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation–emission-matrix analyses. During anaerobic biodegradation, the synthesis and utilization of H-L and F-L structures in the leachates over time was indicative of the generation of the recalcitrant organic compounds. The results obtained from UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that CW leachates resulted in a higher concentration and more condensed form of recalcitrant H-L and F-L molecules than FW leachates. These findings demonstrate how fluorescence and UV absorption spectroscopy can be used as an indicator for monitoring the evolution of recalcitrant organic compounds (H-L and F-L substances) in leachates formed at different stages of waste biodegradation
sj-docx-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221211065108 – Supplemental material for Perceptions of Emotional Functionality: Similarities and Differences Among Dignity, Face, and Honor Cultures
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221211065108 for Perceptions of Emotional Functionality: Similarities and Differences Among Dignity, Face, and Honor Cultures by Angela T. Maitner, Jamie DeCoster, Per A. Andersson, Kimmo Eriksson, Sara Sherbaji, Roger Giner-Sorolla, Diane M. Mackie, Mark Aveyard, Heather M. Claypool, Richard J. Crisp, Vladimir Gritskov, Kristina Habjan, Andree Hartanto, Toko Kiyonari, Anna O. Kuzminska, Zoi Manesi, Catherine Molho, Anudhi Munasinghe, Leonard S. Peperkoorn, Victor Shiramizu, Rachel Smallman, Natalia Soboleva, Adam W. Stivers, Amy Summerville, Baopei Wu and Junhui Wu in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology</p
Foundations for Value-Driven Delegated Design with Human Decision Makers
No full textValue-Driven Design is a paradigm that argues that the goal of the engineering design process is to create a system with maximum value. However, the design of large, complex systems undoubtedly requires the efforts of many individuals, and it is naive to think these individuals will act to maximize value if their own values are not maximized along the way. This research focuses on building the foundational knowledge for incentivizing the many individuals in large system design to make design decisions toward maximizing system value. Specifically, this dissertation uses the mathematical framework of normative decision making to formulate and evaluate incentives.
We formulate two promising incentive structures: the Piece Rate���where a marginal increase in system value yields a marginal increase in reward an individual will receive��� and the Variable Ratio���where a marginal increase in system value yields a marginal increase in the probability of a reward to the individual. These incentive structures are evaluated twofold: (1) by how well they motivate an engineer to provide effort to search for an optimal design solution and (2) by how well they motivate an engineer to collaborate with other engineers to yield an optimal system design solution. We derive mathematical models of effort and collaboration provision for incentive evaluation.
Mathematical analysis suggests that which incentive structure motivates greater search effort or collaboration is contextual. The effectiveness of one incentive over the other for effort provision is dependent, in part, on the risk preferences of the engineer. The effectiveness of one incentive over the other for collaboration provision is dependent, in part, on how the incentive structures are scaled with respect to the feasible system alternative space. Therefore, the analysis in this dissertation suggests that the greater information a system-level manager has over the people in the design process and the general characteristics of the system design alternative space, the greater her ability for choose between the Piece Rate and Variable Ratio incentive structures to induce search effort and collaboration to maximize system value
J.C. Bach's London keyboard sonatas : style and context
No full textJ. C. Bach's keyboard works include several sets of accompanied sonatas, a genre that enjoyed a wide popularity during the Classical era, but never
found its way into the concert repertoire. The accompanied sonata was a genre meant for domestic performance; the solo keyboard sonata, on
the other hand, was adopted in due course by concert audiences. J. C. Bach composed works within both genres during most of his productive years, and his output constitutes a corpus of remarkable consistency. J. C. Bach's removal to London in 1762 coincided with his clear adoption of a galant style, marked by the Italianate influence, and the abandonment of most Baroque traits. The British milieu provided additional factors: the rise of the pianoforte, a thriving music-publishing market, and a great interest in domestic music making among the affluent classes. These factors marked J. C. Bach's output at various levels. Keyboard works had to conform to the proficiency of the amateur performer, a
fact reflected in the accompanied output mostly. The number of movements, their length, and the inclusion of particular technical devices are readily observable differences between the two genres. The most remarkable
distinction lies perhaps in the preference for binary sonata format in the accompanied. sonatas from the mid 1760s to the 1770s, in spite of a later tendency for tripartite designs in both genres. J. C. Bach's lifelong preference for motivic phrase structure conditioned his keyboard production and partly explains the gap in quality between some of his works and sonatas composed around the same time by Haydn and Mozart, who developed more effective means to connect the melodic material
to higher structural units. J. C. Bach's influence, however, endured in Mozart's handling of melody, and his keyboard production constitutes, in spite of some flaws, a noteworthy example of elegance and craftsmanship
Canada’s New Role in North American Energy Security
No full textEnergy analysts have given renewed attention to Canada\u27s position in the North American energy market since the September 11th attacks, because of fear that conflict might interrupt the flow of oil from the Middle East. There are currently $30 billion (U.S.) in projects to develop the Alberta oil sands, in addition to new petroleum projects in Newfoundland, and major natural gas finds off the Atlantic coast. While Canada is already the single major oil exporter to the United States (ahead of both Saudi Arabia and Venezuela), its production could double by 2010. Canada’s rapidly increasing energy production has major implications both for hemispheric relations and for the United States’ strategic position.
In the aftermath of September 11th energy security has become a key concern for the United States. After the attacks many commentators argued that the United States relied too heavily on Middle Eastern sources of supply, and that this factor not only limited U.S. actions, but also obliged the U.S. to engage with regimes that it found to be distasteful if not dangerous. Newspaper columnists decried America’s reliance on Saudi Arabia for energy, and some called for the United States to increase its energy self-sufficiency by opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska to drilling. Richard Holbrook, the former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, stated that Americans\u27 greatest single failure over the last twenty five years was our failure to reduce our dependence on foreign oil . . . which would have reduced the leverage of Saudi Arabia. Yet in fact the United States\u27 energy position is now stronger than it appears, and there is reason to believe that it will improve in the future, because of the growing importance of Canada as a source of petroleum
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