156 research outputs found
Living conditions and subjective well-being of farmers - An ordered response analysis of regional differences and changes over time
No full textThe liberalisation of trade with building down of tariffs and quotas, and with subsequently lower output prices, has enforced considerable structural changes in the agricultural sector. In Norway, both naturally given factors such as climate and topography, and social conditions such as a tradition for small family farms and strong governmental regulations, contribute in making this process even harder on the individual farmer. So how do the farmers respond? National farm statistics show that the amount of cultivated land stays approximately the same even though the number of farm units and agricultural employment falls annually. This implies that both farm size and productivity have increased. In this paper we utilise sample survey data on living conditions in agricultural households to examine whether we can observe changes in farmers ’experienced utility. Have contentment dropped and are there any obvious regional differences in contentment? The data consists of non-overlapping cross-sections for the years 1995 and 2002 and we make use of a standard ordered probability model in the estimations.
Immigrant Mental Health and Unemployment
No full textThe objective of this research is to assess whether stress associated with the transition to a new country combined with additional stress arising from unemployment affects the mental health of immigrants. I use the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA) to examine the effect of labour force status on the mental health of immigrants. By using a rich longitudinal data set, I am able to control for individual immigrant differences whilst examining whether changes in mental health cause changes in labour force status rather than changes in labour force status causing changes in mental health. I find that causality runs from unemployment to mental health and that unemployment significantly adversely affects the mental health of immigrants. Other characteristics associated with poor mental health include; age, gender, visa category, marital status and educational attainment.Immigrants; Mental health; Unemployment
Photograph of the College of Law class of 1982
No full textStudent Names: Gary W. K. Au Young, Andrea Bartonloni, Steven K. Billington, Brent J. Bishop, Ronald L. Bohy, Charles Frederick Burt, Christopher D. Call, Jeff J. Carter, Mary Elizabeth Cavanagh, Adrian Chang, Michael E. Cirac, Loren W. Collins, Jeffery Gordon Condit, Robert E. Congdon, Craig D. Curtright, Julie E. Dickens, Scott M. Donaldson, Nancy A. Egbert, D. Mark Eide, Hunter Brooks Emerick, Kathleen A. Evans, Beverly F. Everson, Jacqueline Haggerty-Foster, Paul R. Franke III, Richard D. Franklin, Timothy G. Garlock, Robert A. Green, Douglas A. Harrison, Lansing Haynes, Lisa L. Hershey, John Hicks, John A. Holmes, James C. Horm, Lynette I. Hotchkiss, Wendy J. Hyde, Joseph R. Jackson, Barbara Ann Jacobson, Eric R. Johansen, Celeste F. Kaptur, Ann F. Kelley, W. Patrick Kelley, Steven J. Kinn, Doug Kirkpatrick, Michael E. Kreger, James W. Lawler, Mark F. LeRoux, Michael P. Levi, Marguerite H. Lisle, Roy L. Longacre, Martin T. Love, Michael D. Macomber, Richard L. Mathieu, Delbert E. McAmis, Edward S. McGlone, Gary J. Meabe, Mary Anne Meyers, Bruce C. Miller, James J. Miller, Richard H. Mills, I. Terri Myzak and Melinda, Larry Neal, Diana L. Nixon, Kurt H. Olson, Orrin Onken, Jonathan J. Ono, Douglas S. Ostrand, Donna M. Parton, W. Scott Phinney, Elizabeth L. Pike, Joseph P. Postel, Timothy C. Potts, Vivian I. Raits, Martin M. Rall, Jay Richardson, Susan M. Roe, Roberta Slane-Ross, Mark A. Rowlette, Michael R. Sahagian, Jack W. Schifferdecker, Jr., Bruce D. Schupp, Corey B. Smith, June A. Smith, Gregory B. Stevens, Scott T. Strack, Gregory E. Struxness, Paul J. Sundermier, Warren Arthur Taylor II, D. Olcott Thompson, Robert J. Thompson, Mark A. Thorbum, Janet E. Thorson, Chess Trethewy, David W. Turner, Gregory P. Turner, Cindy W. Tyndall, Schuyler T. Wallace, Jr., Norman R. Wheeler, David E. Wilson, Brian R. Witt, Judy C. Wolf, Russell B. Wolff, David Y. Wong, Holley A. Young, Jeffery S. Blalock, Ted C. Coran, Kirk A. Cullimore, Paul H. Davis, Jeffery L. Evans, Deborah J. Hewitt, Robert B. Higgins, Richard T. Hoss, William N. Howell, David R. Kirshenbaum, Andrew S. Kramer, Susan M. Leeson, Mitzi M. Naucler, Daniel L. O'Brien, Michael W. Peterkin, Craig A. Smith, Steven J. Steele, Russell W. Torneby, Jr.Black and Whit
A Field Experience Involving the Development of a Handbook for Beginning School Board Members
No full textA field study involving the development of a handbook for beginning school board members, by the writer, under the direction of Dr. Matzner of the Eastern Illinois University Department of School Service Personnel, is summarized in this paper. A handbook for beginning school board members was developed to assist them in the difficult areas of school operations as designated by board members now serving school districts in central Illinois.
The field study involved gathering information from boards of education on the problems they encountered as beginning school board members. The problems were categorized into major topics and a handbook was developed discussing pertinent information for a new board member on each topic.
The author gathered information for the individual topics based on his sixteen years of personal experiences in public education as a teacher and administrator. School board members, superintendents, and instructional staff were used as resource persons to give a wide spectrum of opinion as to the knowledge needed to function efficiently as a school board member. The library served as a valuable resource since much has been written in recent years on the duties, powers, and responsibilities of school board members.
The largest part of the paper is the actual handbook. The topics addressed are duties, powers, and responsibilities of school board members, revenue, employment practices for the district\u27s staff, evaluation, collective bargaining, federal funded programs, expenditures, curriculum, and budget. The topics are presented in such a manner that the average layperson in the community would be able to understand the material.
The writer includes recommended materials from the National School Boards Association and the Illinois School Boards Association as a supplement on the various topics. Tables, charts, and data were selected for use, by the writer, from the Illinois State Board of Education.
The handbook prepared is an attempt to present items which school board members designated as being important when they were first elected to the board of education. The information should serve only as a starting point for new board members and should not be intended to serve as a comprehensive guide for all board members
The Renewal of Song: Metalepsis and the Christological Revision of Psalmody in Paul
No full textThe productive yield of Richard Hays’ Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul for the study of Pauline intertextuality has not been matched by adequate reflection on questions of method, particularly on the character of the trope at the heart of the Haysian project: metalepsis, or “echo”. Nor has sufficient attention been given to the reception of biblical psalmody in Paul, and to the distinctiveness of psalmic discourse in relation to metaleptic process. This study accordingly attempts a close engagement with biblical psalmody as this appears at selected sites in Romans and 2 Corinthians, focusing on those sites which best demonstrate the distinctive character of psalmody, and so offer to refine an account of metalepsis. In particular, it examines quotations which are attributed or attributable to David or to Christ, and sites in which psalmody serves to modulate Paul’s discourse without recourse to quotation. In so doing, this study sets out to enrich the Haysian account of metalepsis by discerning and correcting two biases. In relation to method, Haysian metalepsis is found to license maximalist readings of intertexts on the presumption of narrativity, which cannot be fully sustained in relation to psalmody. In relation to hermeneutics, Haysian metalepsis is shown to privilege dialectical accounts of Pauline intertextuality, in which the voice of scripture is richly and sympathetically invoked in Paul’s discourse. By resisting these biases, the present study is able to offer a more nuanced account of metalepsis, one better suited to psalmody, and to discern a more complex picture of Pauline intertextuality. Within it, Christ is richly configured as a psalmist in Paul, rhetorically empowered and tendered for imitation, yet nearly always at the expense of David, subverting the mode of agency he represents, in hermeneutical gestures which are dialectical in form but heuristic in effect
Abraham traditions in Middle Jewish literature : implications for the interpretation of Galatians and Romans.
No full textIn the first three sections of the thesis it is shown how the figure of Abraham
functioned in different types of Middle Jewish works. In several different contexts,
Abraham functioned as the ideal Jew. The most popular traditions were that Abraham
was the first monotheist and anti-idolater, he was obedient to the Mosaic law, and he
was hospitable.
In Galatians Paul employed the first two Jewish traditions of Abraham in the
context of early Christianity to define those who are now members of the people of God.
Paul argued forcefully that obedience to law was inferior to being "in Christ" (Gal 3:10-
12, 17, 19, 23-26) because his Jewish Christian opponents were employing the figure of
Abraham who was obedient to the Mosaic law to persuade Gentile Christian converts to
adhere to the law. The figure of Abraham as the first anti-idolater and monotheist
further informed the interpretation of Galatians. Obedience to the law was tantamount
to idolatry (Gal 4:1-11). All those who were true children of Abraham should shun the
law, just as Abraham was known to have shunned idolatry.
In Romans, Paul played upon the tradition which connected Abraham with the
Mosaic law (Rom 4:3). He redefined the faith of Abraham as the faith in the one God
who gave life to the dead and who called into being the things that do not exist (Rom
4:17). He explained that the faith of Abraham in the God who gave life to the dead is
the same as faith in the God who resurrected Jesus Christ from the dead for the
forgiveness of sin (Rom 4:23-25). Paul reshaped the tradition of the monotheistic belief
of Abraham into faith in the God of Christ. Through this analysis the thesis attempts to demonstrate the fruitfulness of setting
Paul's discussion of Abraham in the context of Middle Jewish traditions about Abraham
which have first been viewed in their own right and not simply subsumed under the
categories of Paul's own gospel
Considerations for Discrete Element Modeling of Rock Cutting
No full textThis study attempts to build a framework within the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to produce a reliable predictive tool in rock cutting applications, such that the cutting forces and fragmentation process are reasonably estimated. The study is limited to shallow depth cutting, often the mode of cutting involved in drilling operations.
Rock cutting requires the consideration of tool-rock interaction and the damage or fracture of rocks. With respect to modeling, rock cutting becomes a sequence of difficult problems: A contact problem first arises as a cutter advances and interacts with a target rock. This is followed by the problem of determining the location and nature of the rock failure. In the event of rock failure, a modeler must then consider modeling the initiation of the fragmentation process. The adopted approach utilizes the intrinsic capability of DEM to adequately consider contacts and model fractures. The commercial DEM codes PFC2D and PFC3D from Itasca were used.
This modeling effort focuses on the rock cutting that occurs during rock scratching tests. Two primary reasons provide the impetus of this investigation: first, a rock scratching test possesses all essential characteristics of a general rock cutting problem; second, available test data, particularly data obtained by Richard [1], provide a basis for validation. Modeling the scratch test also served another purpose for understanding the mechanics of drilling into rock because the cutting action is very similar to that of a single polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit.
The validation of the present modeling effort utilizes an observation made by Richard and Dagrain [2] during shallow cuts that the specific energy obtained in a scratch test is approximately equal to the uniaxial strength of the rock. Rocks were represented as bonded particles [3]. This study first explores the sensitivity of the essential parameters that affect rock behavior and parameter selection necessary to realistically represent a rock. Extensive two-dimensional analyses were first completed and followed by three-dimensional analyses, all of which were conducted under an ambient pressure environment.
This study also addressed an important question regarding rock porosity. The current practice often implicitly considers porosity. Essentially, a porosity that is computationally simple and advantageous but ultimately unrealistic is used and other DEM parameters are consequently adjusted until the desired modulus and strength are produced. This sample is then considered mechanically equivalent. The ability to substitute rock materials of low porosities with higher values is extremely beneficial for computational efficiency. Samples with small porosity values were generated by solving the Apollonius’ problem to fill voids with particles, and therefore, the influence of initial sample microstructure could be studied.
The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) for most rocks is generally about ten times greater than that of the tensile strength [4]. This ratio, considered to be realistic rock behavior, has been historically difficult to obtain in similar models. In order to achieve this strength ratio, microdefects were also introduced into the sample. This study was able to implicitly model porosity by introducing optimal microdefects percentages in order to create equivalent rock samples with varying porosity values. Moreover, a connection between two-dimensional and three-dimensional samples was also established by finding an appropriate porosity to match the two models.
This study presented a validated and simplified framework for modeling rock cutting, and should be useful for general applications for a wide variety of fields. Preliminary work on cutting under high pressure was also initiated and yielded results that would be useful for subsequent studies
Blind injustice : Jesus' prophetic warning against unjust judging (Matt 7:1-5)
No full textThis dissertation seeks to provide a plausible alternative to the consensus interpretation of Jesus' "do not judge" teaching in Matt 7:1-5. While the overwhelming majority of recent interpreters understand "do not judge" (7:1) and its concurrent sayings such as "take the log out of your own eye" (7:5) to promote a non-judgmental attitude, this monograph seeks to situate this block of teaching within a Jewish second-Temple judicial setting. To this end, an overview of the judicial system during the second Temple era is provided, after which it is argued that Matt 7:1-5 is the Matthean Jesus' halakhic, midrashic comment upon the laws for just legal judging in Lev 19:15-18, 35-36 by which he prophetically criticizes unjust legal judging. Jesus' brother James takes up this teaching in Jas 2:1-13, using it to exhort Jewish Christian leaders who judge cases within Diaspora synagogues/churches. Such an alternative interpretation of Jesus' "do not judge" teaching in Matt 7:1-5 matches well other passages in Matthew which likewise speak of judicial, brotherly conflict such as 5:21-26 and 18:15-35. Some early Christian writers who quote or allude to Matt 7:1-5 reflect a judicial understanding of these verses as well, often relating Matt 7:1-5 to Lev 19:15-18, 35-36 and/or drawing parallels between Matt 7:1-5 and one or more of the NT judicial texts which, this thesis argues, is related to it (Matt 5:21-26, 18:15-35; Jas 2:1-13)
The cost of anchoring on credit-card minimum repayments
No full textAbout three quarters of credit card accounts attract interest charges. In the US, credit card debt is 2,539.7 billion of consumer credit. In the UK, credit card debt is £55.1 billion of £174.4 billion of consumer credit. The 2005 US Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act and the 2003 UK Treasury Select Committee's report require lenders to collect a minimum payment of at least the interest accrued each month. Thus people are protected from the effects of compounding interest. But including minimum payment information has an unintended negative effect, because minimum payments act as psychological anchors
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