1,153 research outputs found
Minding their F's and Q's: Shakespeare and the Fleet Street Syndicate 1630-32
No full textThis essay identifies a previously neglected network of London stationers who published and sold Shakespeare in the Inns of Court area from approximately 1629-1632. Bibliographical, literary, and historical evidence provide fresh insights into the three major stationers of this network: Richard Meighen, John Smethwick, and Richard Hawkins, whose output shared patterns of textual intervention, publication strategies, and localised niche markets. My study of the syndicate’s quartos of The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew, Love’s Labour’s Lost, and Othello reveals a conscious attempt to appeal to the students living and studying in the Inns of Court area. The syndicate’s quarto collection is also considered in light of their roles in the publication of the second Shakespeare folio in 1632. Finally, I compare their unusual work as publishers of Shakespeare in both quarto and folio format with the publication strategies used by the syndicate that produced the first Shakespeare folio in 1623. Challenging accepted views about dramatic publication in early modern London as mere business transactions between publishers, printers, and booksellers, my research represents Meighen, Smethwick, and Hawkins as conscientious collaborators who actively employed Shakespeare as a way to engage their local clientele. Ultimately this essay argues that stationer collaboration within early modern publication networks played a significant role in the transmission of Shakespeare into print in the first half of the seventeenth century
Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Columbus Waikato cruise CW2006_01
No full textCruise QC flag: B (see further details
Ocean acidification : a critical emerging problem for the ocean sciences
No full textAuthor Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 22 no. 4 (2009): 16-25.Over a period of less than a decade, ocean acidification—the change in seawater
chemistry due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and subsequent
impacts on marine life—has become one of the most critical and pressing issues
facing the ocean research community and marine resource managers alike. The objective
of this special issue of Oceanography is to provide an overview of the current
scientific understanding of ocean acidification as well as to indicate the substantial
gaps in our present knowledge. Papers in the special issue discuss the past, current,
and future trends in seawater chemistry; highlight potential vulnerabilities to marine
species, ecosystems, and marine resources to elevated CO2; and outline a roadmap
toward future research directions. In this introductory article, we present a brief
introduction on ocean acidification and some historical context for how it emerged so
quickly and recently as a key research topic.We thank the National Science
Foundation (NSF), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
and National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) for research
support on ocean acidification. We specifically acknowledge grants
supporting the OCB Project Office (NSF
OCE-0622984, NSF OCE-0927287,
and NASA NNX08AX01G). Richard A. Feely was
supported by the NOAA Climate
Program under the Office of Climate
Observations (Grant No. GC04-314
and the Global Carbon Cycle Program
(Grant No. GC05-288)
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the uptake and accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 by North Atlantic Ocean mode waters
No full textAuthor Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25 (2011): GB3022, doi:10.1029/2010GB003892.The North Atlantic Ocean accounts for about 25% of the global oceanic anthropogenic carbon sink. This basin experiences significant interannual variability primarily driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A suite of biogeochemical model simulations is used to analyze the impact of interannual variability on the uptake and storage of contemporary and anthropogenic carbon (Canthro) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Greater winter mixing during positive NAO years results in increased mode water formation and subsequent increases in subtropical and subpolar Canthro inventories. Our analysis suggests that changes in mode water Canthro inventories are primarily due to changes in water mass volumes driven by variations in water mass transformation rates rather than local air-sea CO2 exchange. This suggests that a significant portion of anthropogenic carbon found in the ocean interior may be derived from surface waters advected into water formation regions rather than from local gas exchange. Therefore, changes in climate modes, such as the NAO, may alter the residence time of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean by altering the rate of water mass transformation. In addition, interannual variability in Canthro storage increases the difficulty of Canthro detection and attribution through hydrographic observations, which are limited by sparse sampling of subsurface waters in time and space.We would like to acknowledge funding
from the NOAA Climate Program under the Office of Climate Observations
and Global Carbon Cycle Program (NOAA‐NA07OAR4310098),
NSF (OCE‐0623034), NCAR, the WHOI Ocean Climate Institute, a
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and an
Environmental Protection Agency STAR graduate fellowship. NCAR is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation
Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during McArthur II cruise M206STAR2
No full textCruise QC flag: C (see further details
Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during TIANJIN cruise Tian_2008_10
No full textCruise QC flag: B (see further details
Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Ka'imimoana cruise KA1996_04
No full textCruise QC flag: D (see further details
Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during OCEANOGRAPHER cruise RITS-CO2-87
No full textCruise QC flag: C (see further details
Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during David Starr Jordan cruise DS06STAR6
No full textCruise QC flag: B (see further details
Ocean acidification : present conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world
No full textAuthor Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 22 no. 4 (2009): 36-47.The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the global ocean induces fundamental changes
in seawater chemistry that could have dramatic impacts on biological ecosystems in
the upper ocean. Estimates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) business-as-usual emission scenarios suggest that atmospheric CO2 levels
could approach 800 ppm near the end of the century. Corresponding biogeochemical
models for the ocean indicate that surface water pH will drop from a pre-industrial
value of about 8.2 to about 7.8 in the IPCC A2 scenario by the end of this century,
increasing the ocean’s acidity by about 150% relative to the beginning of the industrial
era. In contemporary ocean water, elevated CO2 will also cause substantial reductions
in surface water carbonate ion concentrations, in terms of either absolute changes
or fractional changes relative to pre-industrial levels. For most open-ocean surface
waters, aragonite undersaturation occurs when carbonate ion concentrations drop
below approximately 66 μmol kg-1. The model projections indicate that aragonite
undersaturation will start to occur by about 2020 in the Arctic Ocean and 2050 in
the Southern Ocean. By 2050, all of the Arctic will be undersaturated with respect to
aragonite, and by 2095, all of the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Pacific will
be undersaturated. For calcite, undersaturation occurs when carbonate ion concentration
drops below 42 μmol kg-1. By 2095, most of the Arctic and some parts of the
Bering and Chukchi seas will be undersaturated with respect to calcite. However, in
most of the other ocean basins, the surface waters will still be saturated with respect to
calcite, but at a level greatly reduced from the present.S. Cooley and S. Doney acknowledge
support from NSF ATM-0628582.
Richard A. Feely was supported by the
NOAA Climate Program under the
Office of Climate Observations (Grant
No. GC04-314 and the Global Carbon
Cycle Program (Grant No. GC05-288)
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