88 research outputs found
Decreto Poletti, jobs act e esoneri contributivi. Cosa è cambiato nel mercato del lavoro italiano?
No full textFabrizio Patriarca e Riccardo Tilli valutano se il Jobs Act, in particolare con l’introduzione del contratto a tutele crescenti, abbia ridotto il ricorso al lavoro a termine da parte delle imprese. Sulla base dei dati disponibili, Tilli e Patriarca mostrano come l’obiettivo della riduzione del lavoro a tempo determinato sia stato disatteso a causa degli effetti di un’altra riforma, il cosiddetto “Decreto Poletti”, che a marzo 2014 ha liberalizzato ulteriormente l’uso dei contratti a termine, in contrasto con gli obiettivi del Jobs Act
Labor market policies in matching models. do externalities matter?
No full textThis paper analyzes the role played by five labor policy instruments (firing tax, hiring subsidies, taxation, unemployment benefits and tax structure) in a matching model with endogenous job destruction, when search externalities are not internalized and the market solution is inefficient. Since the theoretical model does not show univocal effects on equilibrium unemployment of some policy tools (such as hiring subsidies and firing tax), we propose a calibration and a numerical simulation of the model, in order to verify their real impact on unemployment and labor market structure. Results show that if, as is reasonable to assume, there are frictions on the labor market that generate search externalities, a labor market regulation becomes desirable and can be aimed at the internalization of externalities through an appropriate combination of labor policy instruments. In particular, our results have highlighted the crucial role of hiring subsidies and progressive taxation, not only for the achievement of the optimal solution, but also for supporting some forms of passive labor policies, mainly unemployment benefits and employment protection
Recensione di: De Vincenti C. - Marchetti E. (2005), Temi di Macroeconomia Contemporanea. Nuovi Classici vs Nuovi Keynesiani, Roma, Carocci
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Modelli di matching e disoccupazione di equilibrio. Strategie di politica economica per ridurre le esternalità
No full textQuesto libro raccoglie i risultati dell’attività scientifica dell’autore, articolandoli in un percorso coerente sul ruolo della politica economica nella riduzione delle esternalità di ricerca che emergono nei modelli di matching per l’analisi del mercato del lavoro.
Dopo aver presentato una descrizione del modello base con separazione esogena e la sua estensione con separazione endogena, vengono studiati gli effetti sulla disoccupazione di equilibrio di una serie di strumenti di politica economica, come la tassazione, i costi di licenziamento, il sussidio di disoccupazione e altre forme di sussidio a lavoratori e imprese. Tenuto conto che alcuni di questi strumenti producono un effetto ambiguo sulla disoccupazione di equilibrio, viene proposta una analisi quantitativa utilizzando una calibrazione numerica che consente di stimare le equazioni del modello.
Le simulazioni numeriche mostrano che in presenza di esternalità di ricerca, una opportuna combinazione degli strumenti di politica economica può migliorare l’efficienza allocativa, consentendo di arrivare ad una soluzione di first best
Sapienza Ricerca 2011
No full textThe research aims at exploring causes and consequences of productivity dynamics in a context of imperfect markets. The low levels of productivity growth observed in Italy can be explained by the interplay of several imperfections. An imperfect financial system showed itself as unable to efficiently diversify the risks stemming from innovation. An imperfect labor market characterized by capital-skill complementarities, contractual incompleteness and the presence of different types of worker produced duality and perverse incentives to producers. In an imperfect market for goods the perverse incentives coming from the labor market led, on the supply side, risk averse and financially constrained traditional producer to increase unskilled labor input and to reduce capital accumulation. In the presence of real rigidities in the labor market and of firm-specific capital, when the R&D sector does generate innovations, the endogenous dynamics of the TFP can change the cyclical dynamics triggered by shocks. Looking at TFP as endogenous to the accumulation process, the opposite direction of causality prevented innovation to generate a positive production externality having permanent effects on the level of potential output
High speed and low speed structural reforms in the Italian goods and labor market
No full textIn this paper we investigate some changes in the Italian economy over the two decades before the 2007 financial crisis. Stylized facts show a marked decrease in the unemployment rate starting from the end of the Nineties, and, at the same time, a significant increase in the firms’ market power. Moreover, notwithstanding the decreasing unemployment rate, the real wage has grown less than labor productivity. The institutional reforms of the Italian labor market have mostly influenced recent performance of the Italian economy since they are able to conciliate the increase in markup, the decrease in the unemployment rate and the difference in the growth rate between labor productivity and real wage. Using a simple macroeconomic model, we show that the observed decrease in both unemployment and real wage can be explained by the fact that labor market reforms have been proportionally more incisive than the increase in the firms’ market power
Labor Market Performance and Flexibility: Which Comes First?
No full textWe use a matching framework to explore the hypothesis that ring costs are a decreasing function of labor market tightness. Conventional wisdom suggests that differences in employment protection legislation (EPL) cause differences in labor market performance. Our hypothesis suggests a reverse causality nexus: it is labor market tightness which causes labor market rigidities. The endogeneity of ring costs produces a positive externality. We show that if this externality offsets the standard search externality, the model generates multiple equilibria. which reflect a trade off between wage moderation and the strictness of EPL. We demonstrate that the equilibria are not Pareto ranked. The analysis of local stability shows that, when ring costs externality offsets the search cost externality, the equilibrium is a stable node; vice versa, the equilibrium is an unstable saddle point. Finally, we investigate the question of social eciency, obtaining a generalization of the Hosios (1990) condition
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