8 research outputs found
Model predictive control for optimum integration of active and passive energy sources
No full textThe primary objective of this research is to develop an energy management system for the Co-creation center (CCC) that maximizes the use of passive energy sources while maintaining indoor thermal comfort. Passive energy sources have the potential to significantly reduce the energy consumption of the building. However, to achieve optimal energy savings, it is necessary to integrate multiple passive energy sources and develop a control strategy that can manage them effectively.Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies have been extensively researched in the literature as a means of optimizing energy consumption in buildings. However, most studies only consider a single passive energy source or energy distribution in multiple zones. There is limited research on the optimal management of multiple passive energy sources. To address this gap, this thesis investigates the use of an MPC strategy to optimize the operation of multiple passive energy sources in a building. Specifically, the research focuses on four solar blinds, a Phase Change Material (PCM) battery, sky windows, heat recuperation, natural ventilation, and an active energy source.Grey-box modeling is used to model the building, and the model is calibrated using experimental data. The MPC problem is then set up to minimize energy supplied by Heat pump (HP) while ensuring indoor thermal comfort during occupied periods. An adaptive comfort model is used as a criterion to satisfy during occupied periods. The proposed MPC control is then implemented in the building.The results show that the proposed MPC outperforms the rule-based controller in terms of energy consumption and maintaining thermal comfort. The research further provides insights into the potential of MPC strategy to increase the energy flexibility of buildings. The final parts of this research focused on varying the PCM temperatures and using a more flexible thermal comfort model and studying its effects on the energy demand of the building. The findings could be used to inform the design of energy-efficient buildings and the development of smart energy management systemsMechanical Engineering | Energy, Flow and Process Technolog
Characterization and requirements for copper-copper bonds for 3D IC
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-206).Three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technology enables heterogeneous integration of devices fabricated from different technologies, and reduces global RC delay by increasing the device density per unit chip area. Wafer-level Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding provides an attractive route to 3D IC fabrication, with Cu serving as both the electrical and mechanical interconnection between adjacent device layers. While the bonding process is currently employed for such applications, the lack of quantitative understanding of the bond quality and reliability has made developing robust processes extremely challenging. The current work addresses this problem through the development and implementation of bond toughness measurement techniques that investigate the effects of thin film patterning, surface chemistry and process parameters on the Cu-Cu bond quality under a range of loading conditions. The four-point bend test was used to quantify Cu-Cu bond toughness, Gc, under mixed-mode loading and to develop an optimized process flow that enabled the creation of high- toughness bonds (> 5 J/m2) at a bonding temperature of 300 oC. Mixed-mode loading induces significant plastic energy dissipation in ductile layers, resulting in an overestimation of the true adhesive strength of the interface.(cont.) The chevron test method has been developed to allow bond toughness measurements under mode I loading, thereby probing the 'true' work of adhesion of the bonded interface. Furthermore, analysis of the bonded chevron specimen with different layer thicknesses was performed to allow the specimen to be used to characterize the bonded interface under mixed-mode loading conditions. Chevron tests reveal that the toughness of patterned Cu films is a strong function of the feature size and orientation. For debond propagation across periodic bonded and unbonded regions, a pronounced increase in Gc was observed, compared to debond propagation along a continuous bonded interface. Effects of patterning were significantly different in ductile thermocompression and brittle fusion bonded systems, with the latter showing a reduction in toughness due to patterning. The ultimate limit of low temperature Cu-Cu adhesion was investigated using pull-off force measurements in Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. These measurements show that the work of adhesion of Cu bonds created at room temperature is ~ 3 J/m2, similar to Gc for wafer-level bonds created at 300 oC and measured using the chevron test.(cont.) Deliberate pre-adhesion exposure of the Cu surfaces to 10-6 Torr O2 leads to a dramatic reduction in adhesion (to 0.1 J/m2), suggesting the formation of a Cu oxide that is detrimental to the Cu-Cu bonding process. The UHV-AFM measurements suggest that strong Cu-Cu bonds can be created by bonding clean Cu surfaces at room temperature, thereby eliminating several thermal stability issues in the thermocompression bonding process. The thermal management problem in 3D ICs containing multiple device layers was examined using an analytical model of forced liquid cooling via Cu-sealed integrated microchannels. Integration of microchannels requires a reduction in the area available for interconnects and adhesion, causing a trade-off between the inter-layer bonded area and the size and density of the channels that can be included. The optimum channel density is a function of the achievable local Cu-Cu bond strength.by Rajappa Tadepalli.Ph.D
Unmet Clinical Need in the Management of Locally Advanced Unresectable Lung Cancer: Treatment Strategies to Improve Patient Outcomes
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Integrating Osimertinib in Clinical Practice for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
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enhanced digital features for your article then please contact [email protected].
The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase
visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to
ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are
marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been
reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside.
Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide
complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures
that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its
origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.
Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:
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Genome sequences of Photorhabdus luminescens strains isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes from southern India
No full textAbstractWe report here draft whole genome sequences of three novel strains of Photorhabdus luminescens of 5.2–5.3Mbps in size, and with a G+C content of 42.5% (each). Symbiotic γ-proteobacteria belonging to the genera, Photorhabdus (Family: Enterobacteriaceae) with their natural vectors, the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) (Phylum: Nematoda; Order: Rhabditida; Family: Heterorhabditidae), have emerged as important biological control agents of insect pests, and are capable of production and delivery of diverse compounds to influence host biology [1–3]. Analysis of these genomes is expected to provide enhanced insight into mechanisms of virulence, insecticidal toxin genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and monoxenicity. The nucleotide sequence information for the three strains NBAII PLHb105, NBAII HiPL101 and NBAII H75HRPL105 has been deposited in NCBI Nucleotide database and is accessible via AZAB00000000, JTHJ00000000 and JXUR00000000 accession numbers respectively
Music Ensemble: a large dataset on musicianship, cognition, and personality in musicians and nonmusicians.
No full textThe Music Ensemble dataset is a large-scale, cross-national database that provides detailed information about the musical, cognitive, personality, and demographic profiles of young adult musicians and nonmusicians. Data were collected from 1438 participants (aged 18-30) across thirty-five research sites in Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. Participants completed an in-person, in-lab battery of objective tests, including measures of verbal, visuospatial and musical short-term memory, executive functions (updating component), nonverbal reasoning, verbal comprehension, and music perception skills. The battery also included standardized and custom self-report questionnaires assessing music sophistication, music reward, personality traits, socioeconomic status, and demographic characteristics. Music Ensemble was preregistered, and the research protocol followed a standardized procedure across sites. The dataset also includes a large subsample of musicians and nonmusicians that are pair-matched for age, gender, and education (678 pairs). It enables well-powered investigations into the relationship between musical expertise and individual differences in cognition, personality, and demographic variables. It is also suitable for training in statistical and psychometric methods. [Abstract copyright: © 2026. The Author(s).
Erratum to ‘Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries’ [BJA Open 7 (2023) 100207]
No full textAdaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis
No full textBackground: The Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model. Results: In the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever). Conclusion: This study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways
