8 research outputs found
Residential Neighbourhoods, Perceived Social Support and Subjective Wellbeing
No full textResearch on subjective wellbeing has mainly focused on personality and demographic variables. The influence of residential neighbourhoods are usually not considered. This study, investigates the influence of types of neighbourhoods and perceived social support on life satisfaction among residents in Ibadan metropolis. Using a 2-way factorial design and multistage sampling technique, five of the eleven Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the metropolis were purposively selected for the study. Ten enumeration areas were selected from each LGA using simple random technique. The number of participants in the selected enumeration areas were determined using enumeration area maps. Two hundred and twenty house-owners and renters each were then selected from the low, medium and high density areas of the LGAs using systematic technique, making a total of 1,100 participants. The selected household heads were sampled. A structured questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic profile, life satisfaction scale (r=0.74) and a multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (r=0.87) was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Three hypotheses were tested. The results reveal that social support did not have significant main influence on life satisfaction (F (1,237) =.04; p>.05) while neighbourhood types significantly influenced life satisfaction (F (1,237) = 10.79; p<.05). There were significant interaction effects of neighbourhood and social support on life satisfaction (F(1,237) = 4.15). The findings suggest that the places we live are important for improvement of our life satisfaction
Influence of Workplace Happiness on Organizational Commitment among Healthcare Workers in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textA cross-sectional research design investigated factors influencing organizational commitment among healthcare professionals. Respondents comprised 397 healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians, and administrative staff in public hospitals in Ibadan. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires. Participants’ ages ranged from 25 to 64 years, with a mean age of 41.58 (SD = 9.90). Results showed that workplace happiness significantly influenced affective organizational commitment (��� (395) = − 2.993, ��� < 0.01, ��� = −.30). Similarly, workplace happiness significantly influenced normative commitment (��� (395) = − 2.603, ��� < 0.01, ��� = −.26). However, there was no significant influence of workplace happiness on the continuance dimension of organizational commitment (��� (395) = − 1.898, ��� =.058). Findings suggest workplace happiness is crucial for fostering affective and normative commitment. Healthcare organizations should enhance workplace happiness through supportive environments, recognition, and open communication to strengthen affective and normative commitment. 
“HANGING OUT”, TRENDS IN SUBSTANCE USE AMONG YOUTH IN A PRIVATE TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
No full textSubstance use among undergraduate students has intensified and is now considered a major public health problem in Nigeria. Majority of research on substance use has been quantitative and has not extensively considered the social context in which interactions occur. This study explored some critical social factors that might promote substance use among undergraduates in a private tertiary institution. The method was a cross sectional study conducted among thirty-one female and male students aged 17 – 27 years using FGDs, KIIS and IDIs. The instrument for the qualitative study was derived from the World Health Organization guidelines for substance use among students. Content analysis of five themes was interpreted, triangulating information from the various sources. Escalation of substance use was validated. Students’ preferred mode of fun and leisure was hanging out over a substance of choice and clubbing. Females preferred the use of psychoactive drugs while males preferred strong spirits and champagne. Abuse of cough syrup with codeine was very common among participants. Interestingly both male and female students reported that females surpass males in the use of substances. Female students were also more prone to sexual risk- taking behaviour than males. Students in their first and second year of studies engage more in the behaviour than students in their final year. Clubbing has increased considerably with students competing to outdo peers in buying the most expensive spirits and champagne. Movies, songs and musical videos glamourizing substance use were reported to have further reinforced the behaviour. Preventive strategies designed to increase self-esteem of students, assertiveness training to resist peer influence and programmes to increase youth’s knowledge and consequences of substance use is strongly recommended
WOMEN AND PEACEBUILDING: CAN NIGERIA LEARN FROM OTHER COUNTRIES? Received: 18th March 2021; Revised: 27th April 2021, 19th June 2021; Accepted: 30th October 2021
No full textThe inclusion of women in conflict resolution and peacebuilding is an important notion that has been well documented. Despite a widespread call for inclusive peacebuilding and progress in some African countries, in Nigeria, women are yet to achieve direct representation in formal peace and policy decision-making processes. The complex nature of conflict in Nigeria makes it imperative to explore all possible solutions to peacebuilding, including women’s potential, which remains largely untapped. This article examined, through a review of the literature, the strategies that women employed to achieve direct representation at the table in formal peace talks in Kenya and South Africa. The conflict situations in the two countries resonate to some extent, with some of the current insurgencies in Nigeria. The strategies of both the Kenyan and South African women were similar. High-profile women in the two countries brought their skillset and competencies to work across women’s groups regardless of social, religious, or political affiliation. They formed strong coalitions and were able to unite to the lobby, dialogue, and push for representation in formal peace talks. They engaged with the government to be included as negotiators and mediators. In Nigeria, there is a need to change patriarchal norms and traditional mindsets that prevent women from representation at the peace table through sensitization. It is also essential to enlighten relevant stakeholders, especially the government, on the importance of leveraging women’s skillset in peacebuilding initiatives
HANGING OUT”, TRENDS IN SUBSTANCE USE AMONG YOUTH IN A PRIVATE TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
No full textGENDER NEUTRAL LANGUAGE USE AMONG UNIVERSITY LECTURERS: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INSTITUTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT GENDER MAINSTREAMING POLICIES
No full textDespite the wide spread awareness regarding the need to reduce gender bias in communication styles, it still exists in organizations and its negative effects on women’s behaviour and perceptions in the workplace remain a great concern. Consequently, the importance of gender neutral language (GNL) use in reducing gender stereotypes and discrimination cannot be overemphasized. Gender differences between gender and non-gender policy organizations has not been given much attention among university lecturers in the investigation of GNL use in Nigeria. This study examines the main and interaction effects of gender and institution type on GNL among public and private university lecturers. Using a two-way factorial design, 161 lecturers were randomly selected from four faculties and twelve departments while convenient sampling method was used to select the target respondents. A questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic profile and a GNL test was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test analysis and analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Three hypotheses were tested. The results revealed that gender differences and institution type interacted to influence GNL use among the participants of the study. Gender and institution type are important in developing interventions for GNL use in academia. Article visualizations
Disparities in Maternal Mortality, Metropolitan Status, and Socioeconomic Conditions in U.S. Counties
No full textThe full text of this item is not available at this time because the author has placed this item under an embargo until December 20, 2025.This dissertation explores the geographic differences in maternal mortality ratio in counties in the United States (US). Specifically, the dissertation examines how maternal sociodemographic characteristics and residential socioeconomic conditions such as metropolitan status, residential segregation, social deprivation, income inequality, and obstetric health care availability affect the risk of maternal deaths in US counties. Generalized Linear Bayesian Models (GLBM), including hierarchical Bayesian models, were used to estimate the association between maternal sociodemographic characteristics and residential socioeconomic conditions and maternal mortality risk ratios in US counties. A major conclusion is that non-metropolitan counties have a higher maternal mortality ratio compared to metropolitan counties in the US, even after controlling for maternal sociodemographic characteristics, residential socioeconomic conditions, and health care availability. Particularly, accounting for socioeconomic conditions, including healthcare access, maternal mortality risk ratios are notably elevated in Southern non-metropolitan counties in the United States compared to their counterparts in other regions, except for non-metropolitan counties in the Midwest region. Furthermore, the risk of maternal death during and after pregnancy for older women (aged 30 and above) is higher in non-metropolitan counties compared to urban counties. Moreover, the Isolation of the black population increases the maternal mortality ratio in US counties, controlling for degrees of rurality, social deprivation, and income inequality. Finally, the interaction between residents of different socioeconomic statuses (poor and non-poor) in a county has a protective effect on the maternal mortality ratio.Applied Demograph
Substance use, social support and socio-demographic factors among commercial drivers in Ibadan
No full textCommercial drivers often engage in long and irregular working hours, and as such suffer back pain, fatigue, stress and thereafter use some psychoactive substance to cope with their job. Even though most studies on substance use have been on general population, limited information is available on the use of substance and roles of socio-demographic factors among commercial drivers. This study therefore examined the roles of sociodemographic factors (age, years of driving, gender and social support) in substance use among commercial drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria.The study employed a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique to recruit 250 commercial drivers. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on socio-demographic information, social support and substance use from the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, Analysis of Variance and Independent t-test analysis. Results showed that years of driving significantly have a positive correlation with substance use. However, duration and hours spent on the driving did not have a significant independent relationship with substance use. Younger participants significantly engage more in substance use than older individuals. Similarly, female participants significantly engage more in substance use than male drivers. Additionally, participants with high social support mostly engage in substance use than participants with low social support. The study concluded that years of driving, age, gender and social support network of the drivers significantly plays an influencing roles in substance usage among commercial drivers in Ibadan. The study recommends that, in the organized substance use and abuse preventive program for drivers, the consideration for drivers’ socio-demographics factors is quite imperative, especially as more females and younger individuals with more social support are getting more involved in substance use
