86,732 research outputs found

    L'attualità dell'Europa alla luce delle sue radici rinascimentali e moderne

    No full text
    Le celebrazioni del sessantesimo anniversario dei Trattati di Roma sono l’occasione per riflettere sulle lontane origini delle “eredità culturali, religiose e umanistiche dell'Europa” enunciate nel loro Preambolo e anche misurare lo scarto tra le idealità progettuali e le realizzazioni, allo scopo di costruire, anche grazie all’ausilio della prospettiva storica, una sempre più efficace coscienza comunitaria. Nel contributo si passano in rassegna le più importanti posizioni prefiguranti l’unità europea espresse tra la fine del Medioevo e il XVIII secolo. Filosofi, politici, uomini di cultura come Pierre Dubois, Antoine Marini, Erasmo da Rotterdam, Emeric Crucé, Jan Comenius, il duca di Sully, William Penn, l’Abate di Saint-Pierre, interrogandosi sui modi di raggiungere e mantenere una pace più o meno universale e perpetua, hanno prospettato soluzioni e proposte che precorrono tanti moderni organismi internazionali e sovranazionali storicamente realizzati o ancora attesi

    XBT, ARGO Float and Ship-Based CTD Profiles Intercompared under Strict Space-Time Conditions in the Mediterranean Sea: Assessment of Metrological Comparability

    No full text
    Accurate measurement of temperature and salinity is a fundamental task with heavy implications in all the possible applications of the currently available datasets, for example, in the study of climate changes and modeling of ocean dynamics. In this work, the reliability of measurements obtained by oceanographic devices (eXpendable BathyThermographs, Argo floats and Conductivity-Temperature-Depth sensors) is analyzed by means of an intercomparison exercise. As a first step, temperature profiles from XBT probes, deployed by commercial ships crossing the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas during the Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP), were matched with profiles from Argo floats quasi-collocated in space and time. Attention was then paid to temperature/salinity profiling Argo floats. Since Argo floats usually are not recovered and should last up to five years without any re-calibration, their onboard sensors may suer some drift and/or oset. In the literature, refined methods were developed to post-process Argo data, in order to correct the response of their profiling CTD sensors, in particular adjusting the salinity drift. The core of this delayed-mode quality control is the comparison of Argo data with reference climatology. At the same time, the experimental comparison of Argo profiles with ship-based CTD profiles, matched in space and time, is still of great importance. Therefore, an overall comparison of Argo floats vs. shipboard CTDs was performed, in terms of temperature and salinity profiles in the whole Mediterranean Sea, under space-time matching conditions as strict as possible. Performed analyses provided interesting results. XBT profiles confirmed that below 100mdepth the accordance with Argo data is reasonably good, with a small positive bias (close to 0.05 °C) and a standard deviation equal to about 0.10 °C. Similarly, side-by-side comparisons vs. CTD profiles confirmed the good quality of Argo measurements; the evidence of a drift in time was found, but at a level of about E-05 unit/day, so being reasonably negligible on the Argo time-scale. XBT, Argo and CTD users are therefore encouraged to take into account these results as a good indicator of the uncertainties associated with such devices in the Mediterranean Sea, for the analyzed period, in all the climatological applications
    corecore