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Non-prejudicial disclosure of the invention - grace period
Full text linkPričujoče diplomsko delo obravnava vprašanje milostnega obdobja na področju patentov. Avtorica najprej predstavi značilnosti patenta in kriterij novosti izuma, kot najpomembnejši pogoj za pridobitev patenta, nato pa pojem milostnega obdobja, njegove značilnosti in prednosti, ki jih prinaša izumiteljem. Natančneje je analizirana ureditev milostnega obdobja v ZDA, pri čemer je posebna pozornost posvečena zakonu Leahy – Smith America Invents Act, ki je uvedel spremembe tega instituta, in ureditev v Evropi, kjer imamo v zvezi s patentom na voljo institut neškodljivega razkritja izuma, milostno obdobje pa je priznano le na področju modelov. Avtorica ugotavlja, da bi v Evropi bi bilo smiselno uvesti milostno obdobje pred vložitvijo patentne prijave vsaj v obliki t. i. »varnostne mreže«, saj so evropski izumitelji v deprivilegiranem položaju v primerjavi z izumitelji, ki delujejo v sistemih, kjer se lahko zanašajo na obdobje milosti. Uvedba milostnega obdobja je naslednji korak, ki ga narekuje nadaljevanje postopka harmonizacije mednarodnega patentnega prava.Diploma thesis discusses the question of grace period for patents. The author starts by presenting the characteristics of patents and requirement of novelty as the single most important condition for obtaining a patent. The author further presents the concept of grace period, its characteristics and benefits it has for inventors, which is followed by a close analysis of grace period in the USA, with special attention being paid to Leahy – Smith America invents act, which introduced changes to grace period. Lastly, the author presents the concept of non-prejudicial disclosure of the invention and grace period for models that we have in Europe. The author establishes that grace period should be introduced in Europe at least in the form of »safety net« grace period, since current regulation puts European inventors in a deprivileged position as opposed to inventors that work in the systems where they can rely on grace period. Introducing grace period in Europe is the next step that is required under the process of harmonisation of international patent law
TRADE MARK WITH REPUTATION AND THE SCOPE OF PROTECTION
Full text linkAvtorica diplomske naloge obravnava znamko ugleda in obseg njenega varstva. Temeljna predpisa, ki na ravni Evropske unije urejata znamko ugleda sta Direktiva 2008/95/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o približevanju zakonodaje držav članic v zvezi z blagovnimi znamkami ter Uredba Sveta (ES) št. 207/2009 o blagovni znamki Skupnosti (EU).
Znamko ugleda primerja z znano oziroma notorno znamko, ki pa je urejena s Pariško konvencijo za varstvo industrijske lastnine, Sporazumom TRIPS ter Skupnimi priporočil SOIL glede določb o varstvu znanih znamk. Znamko ugleda in znano oziroma notorno znamko pa je obravnavala tudi z vidika ZIL-1. Avtorica je upoštevala obsežno judikaturo Sodišča EU.
Skozi diplomsko nalogo avtorica ugotavlja, da je terminologija na tem področju zelo pestra, pravni pojmi so premalo ali celo nedefinirani, kar pa je posledica razvoja svetovnega gospodarstva v dobi globalizacije.The author of this thesis discusses the trademark with reputation and the scope of its protection. There are two basic acts that treat the trademark with reputation at the European Union level. One is the Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks. The other is The Council Regulation (EC) No. 207/2009 on the Community trade mark. The author of the paper compares the trademark with reputation with well-known or notorious trademark that is treated in Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, TRIPS Agreement and Joint recomendation concerning provisions on the protection of well-known marks. The author also discussed both trademarks from the point of view of ZIL-1. She considers the judicature of the EU Court.
In the paper the author finds out that the terminology dealing with the topic is very diverse. What is more, the legal terms are not well defined or are not defined at all, which is the consequence of the development of the world economy in the era of globalization
INFLUENCE OF AMENDMENT ZPOmK-1A ON LARGER EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITION PROTECTION OFFICE
Full text linkAvtorica v nalogi obravnava delovanje Urada RS za varstvo konkurence. Varstvo konkurence je v našem pravnem redu urejeno v konkurenčnem pravu kot delu tržnega prava. Konkurenčno pravo urejata dva zakonaZakon o varstvu konkurence ZVK in Zakon o preprečevanju omejevanja konkurence ZPOmK-1.
Avtorica se v nalogi osredotoča predvsem na delo Urada v skladu z določili prve novele ZPOmK-1. Avtorica v nalogi ugotavlja, da je bilo delo Urada pred sprejetjem novele ZPOmK-1A izredno oteženo. Urad namreč do sprejetja prve novele ni imel pravne podlage za obdelavo osebnih podatkov in tako ni mogel pridobiti podatkov s katerimi bi mnogokrat lahko dokazal kršitve konkurenčnih pravil. Nadalje je lahko le od sodišča zahteval izročitev kopij dokumentacije pomembne za njegovo delo, in tako ni mogel dostopati do podatkov, ki so jih zasegli drugi organi. Prav tako ni mogel sankcionirati fizičnih oseb, ki s podjetjem niso bile v zvezi, pa so kljub temu ovirale preiskavo pooblaščenih oseb Urada v podjetju, itd.
S sprejetjem ZPOmK-1A je Urad pridobil pomembna pooblastila in pristojnosti za lažje oz. kakovostnejše opravljanje svojega dela. Avtorica se v nalogi podrobneje ukvarja s temi pooblastili in pristojnostmi.In this paper, the Author deals with operations carried out by the Competition protection office at the Ministry of economic development and technology of Republic of Slovenia. Competiotion protection in Slovenia is treated within the Competition protection law as a part of the broader Commercial law. The Competition protection law is governed by two Acts: Protection of Competition Act and Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act.
In this paper, the Author focuses on activities of the Office in accordance with the provisions of the first amendment of Prevention of restriction of Competition Act. The Author finds that the work of the Office, before previouslly mentioned Amendment was adopted, was quite difficult to perform. By that time, the Office had no legal basis to treat personal data and thus was unable to collect data, which could, in many cases, help proving failure of competition rules. Furtermore, the Office could aquire copies of documents relevant to their work only from the Court thus not having any access to data seized by other authorities. The office couldn\u27t impose any penalties agains physical persons that were not linked to the company under the investigation, but nevertheless impeded the investigation of authorized officers from the Office.
The latest changes of Prevetion of Restriction of Competition Act (1A) gave the Office many important powers and jurisdictions thus making their work easier and much more effective. In this paper, the Author esp. elaborates those powers and jurisdictions
INFRINGEMENT VIEW OF VIOLATION OF COMPETITION LAW IN RS AND EU
Full text linkDelo pred bralcem želi celovito zajeti in predstaviti sankcije, ki sledijo kršenju pravil konkurenčnega prava, ter jih sistematično umestiti v posamezne pravne veje. Avtor ugotavlja, da je ureditev kršenja pravil konkurenčnega prava različna po posameznih pravnih sistemih in da sta ureditvi po predpisih Republike Slovenije in Evropske unije bolj prizanesljivi od ureditve v Združenih državah Amerike. Najtrdnejši argument za to je ameriška podreditev kršitve izključno pravilom kazenskega prava. Kazenskemu pravu je sicer podrejena kršitev tudi po slovenskem pravu, vendar je bistvena razlika od ameriške ureditve v tem, da taka ureditev ni izključna, saj je kršitev opredeljena tudi kot prekršek, kar je za zdaj v praksi edini način sankcioniranja. Sama praksa sankcioniranja kršitev s področja varstva konkurence se približuje ureditvi po pravu EU, ki kršitve podreja prekrškovnim pravilom. Glede odškodnin je najmilejša ureditev v RS, saj se omejuje na višino dejanske škode in izgubljeni dobiček, sodna praksa Sodišča EU dopušča kaznovalne odškodnine v državah članicah, ki so jih vpeljale v svoj nacionalni pravni red, medtem ko je kaznovalna odškodnina splošna značilnost ameriške ureditve.
Bistveno pozornost avtor namenja prekrškovnemu vidiku kršitev in ugotavlja proevropsko agresivnost Zakona o prekrških in Zakona o preprečevanju omejevanja konkurence. S spremembo Zakona o prekrških se je predpisom s področja varstva konkurence široko odprla možnost visokih, nominalno nelimitiranih glob v odstotku letnega prometa, vendar avtor ugotavlja, da je od vseh predpisov s širšega področja varstva konkurence to možnost izkoristil le Zakon o preprečevanju omejevanja konkurence. Čeprav visoke globe zagotavljajo močno generalno in specialno prevencijo, avtor opozarja na nezaželene posledice, kot sta ohromitev prihodkov v državni proračun in nevarnost plačilne nesposobnosti poslovnih subjektov.
V sklopu smernic, po katerih organi varstva konkurence določijo višino globe, avtor ugotavlja bistveno večji niz pravil v Smernicah o načinu določanja glob, naloženih skladno s členom 23 Uredbe št. 1/2003, ki jih uporablja Komisija, kot v Zakonu o prekrških, ki ga uporablja Urad za varstvo konkurence. Večji nabor je po mnenju avtorja dobrodošel za temeljito individualizacijo sankcije.
Avtor pozornost usmerja v program prizanesljivosti kot enega novejših institutov, ki se uporablja samo kot sredstvo odkrivanja kartelov, in v sklopu katerega se prijavitelju odpusti plačilo globe ali se mu globa zmanjša. Na eni strani gre za domiselni institut z učinki razkrivanja in sankcioniranja kartelov, kar je vsekakor dobra lastnost tega programa, ki se prek prijave udeležencev kartela odraža v manjši potrebni aktivnosti in številčnosti organa varstva konkurence za zaznavanje kartelov ter posledično v nižjih stroških učinkovitega delovanja organa. Druga stran programa prizanesljivosti pa je možnost njegove zlorabe, ki bi lahko bistveno utrdila tržni položaj pobudnika kartela in prijavitelja v eni osebi in ki bi lahko s sankcioniranjem v kartelu prostovoljno udeleženih konkurentov na trg učinkovala negativno.The purpose of the thesis you are reading is to include and present the sanctions that are a consequence of competition law infringement. It also places these sanctions systematically in particular law branches. The author finds that there are differences in the regulations of competition law infringement in different legal systems and that the regulations in the Republic of Slovenia and in European Union are more lenient than those in the United States of America. The best argument for this is the fact that in the United States this is a matter of criminal law. This is also a matter of criminal law in Slovenia but the essential difference from the American regulations is that such regulations are not exclusive, since the infringement is defined also as a minor offence and it is, in practice, only sanctioned as such. The practice of protection of competition infringement sanctioning is approximating the European Union legal regulations, where it is a matter of minor offences regulations. As to indemnities, the least severe are the regulations in the Republic of Slovenia that sets the limit to the amount of the actual damage and lost profit. The legal practice of the EU court allows punitive damages for the member states which have incorporated them in their national legal order, whereas in the USA punitive damages are characteristic of the regulations.
The author focuses mainly on the minor offence facets of infringements and established a pro-European aggressiveness of the Minor Offence Act and the Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act. The change of the Minor Offences Law has opened a possibility for the protection of competition regulations to set high, nominally unlimited fines, defined by the percentage of annual turnover. The author, however, finds that among all the protection of competition regulations only the Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act has taken this opportunity. Although high fines assure a stron general and special prevention, the author points out the undesireable consequences, such as prevention of national budget income and the danger of insolvency of business entities.
In the assembly of guidelines, according to which protection of competition organs set the height of fine, the author establishes more regulations in the Guidelines for setting fines, in accordance with the article 23 of the Decree no. 1/2003, used by the Commission, than in the Minor Offences Act, used by the Competition Protection Office. A wide range is, in the opinion of the author, important for a thorough individualization of the sanction.
The author draws attention to the leniency programme as one of the newest institutes used only to discover trusts and in scope of which the applicant is remitted the fine or their fine is reduced. On one hand it is an imaginative institution with the effects of discovering and sanctioning of trusts which is definitely a positive characteristic of this programme that uses a report by a trust member to result in a lower needed activity and number of the protection of competition organ to find the trusts and the costs of effective activity of the organ is, therefore, lower. On the other hand, the leniency programme can be abused in such a way that if the trust initiator and applicant are the same person it may reinforce their market position and, in case of competition voluntarily involved in a trust, have a negative effect on the market
THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE OF THE ENFORCMENT OF JUDGMENTS IN THE EU WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE BRUSSELS I REGULATION
Full text linkDiplomsko delo obravnava postopek razglasitve izvršljivosti sodnih odločb, izdanih v državi izvora, katerih izvršljivost se zahteva v drugi državi, pri čemer se osredotoča na ureditev v Bruseljski uredbi 1. Opisan in razložen je postopek izvršljivosti sodne odločbe, izdane v državi izvora, in ugovori zoper njeno razglasitev izvršljivosti, zajema pa tudi njegovo primerjavo z nekaterimi drugimi pravnimi akti na tem področju, ki obstajajo v zakonodaji EU, kot sta Uredba o evropskem izvršilnem naslovu in Uredba o evropskem plačilnem nalogu. Naloga prav tako prikazuje razvoj in pričakovan napredek Bruseljske uredbe 1 s predlogom BU 1, katerega namen je odprava eksekvature tudi v tem pravnem aktu EU. Določbe pravnih aktov EU avtorica dopolnjuje s prakso Sodišča EU, ki je temeljnega pomena za njihovo razlago.This study is dealing with the declaration of a foreign judgment, issued in the country of origin, which enforceability is required in the country of execution, with the emphasis on Brussles Regulation I (BU 1). The author in the thesis describes and explains the procedure of declaration of a foreign judgment, describes the grounds of contesting of the foreign judgment and compareses the possibilities of the declaration of a foregin judgment with other legal acts on that subject (European Enforcement order in uncontested claims and the European order for payment procedure), at the same time the author displays the development and the expected progress from BU 1 to the Proposal for BU 1, the purpose of which is the abolition of exequatur. The provisions of EU legislation complements the author with case law, which is crucial of their interpretation
Excessive prices in pharmaceutical sector as a type of abuse of a dominant position
Full text linkMagistrsko delo obravnava vprašanje zlorabe prevladujočega položaja v farmacevtskem sektorju, in sicer z zaračunavanjem pretirano visokih cen za zdravila. Avtorica najprej predstavi člen 102 Pogodbe o delovanju EU, ki prevladujočim podjetjem prepoveduje zlorabiti svoj položaj, nato pa značilnosti te oblike omejevalnega ravnanja, njeno presojanje in posebnosti samega farmacevtskega sektorja, ki vplivajo na visoke cene zdravil. Temu sledi predstavitev pojma pretirano visokih cen, kot oblike zlorabe prevladujočega položaja, opisane pa so tudi različne metode presojanja pretirano visokih cen. Nadaljnje so analizirani (sicer redki) primeri, v katerih so konkurenčni organi odločili, da so farmacevtska podjetja zaračunavala pretirano visoke cene za zdravila in tako zlorabila svoj prevladujoč položaj, nato pa so predstavljeni še ukrepi, ki lahko poleg konkurenčnopravnega nadzora vplivajo na nižje cene zdravil. Avtorica ugotavlja, da je moč zaznati naraščajoče zanimanje konkurenčnih organov za preganjanje izkoriščevalskih oblik zlorab farmacevtskih podjetij, kamor spada zaračunavanje pretirano visokih cen za zdravila. Pri presojanju, ali so cene pretirano visoke, so konkurenčni organi v obravnavanih odločbah sledili dvostopenjskemu testu, ki ga je Sodišče EU predstavilo v zadevi United Brands, zato se je ta metoda izkazala kot primerna za presojanje neupravičeno visokih cen farmacevtskih proizvodov. Za samo preprečevanje zaračunavanja previsokih cen za zdravila pa je smiselno konkurenčnopravni nadzor kombinirati še z drugimi ukrepi, kot so povečanje izravnalne kupne moči, ustrezna regulacija cen zdravil in povečanje transparentnosti glede stroškov farmacevtskih podjetij.Master\u27s thesis addresses the issue of abuse of a dominant position in the pharmaceutical sector by charging excessively high prices for medicines. The author starts by presenting the Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, which prohibits dominant undertakings from abusing their position, and describes the characteristics of the abuse of dominant position, its assessment and the particularities of the pharmaceutical sector, which affect the high prices of medicines. The author further presents the concept of excessive pricing as a form of abuse of a dominant position and describes various methods for assessing the excessiveness of the prices. This is followed by a close analysis of (rare) cases where the competition authorities decided that pharmaceutical companies were guilty of charging excessively high prices for medicines and thus abused their dominant position. Lastly, the author presents measures that may, in addition to competition enforcement, help in lowering the prices of medicines. The author establishes that there is a growing interest of competition authorities in investigating exploitative forms of abuse by pharmaceutical companies, which includes excessive pricing of medicines. In assessing whether the prices were excessively high, the competition authorities followed the two-stage test presented by the Court of Justice of the EU in the case United Brands. This method therefore proved to be appropriate for the assessment of excessive prices of pharmaceutical products. In order to prevent unduly high prices of medicines, however, it is appropriate to combine competition law enforcement with other measures, such as increasing countervailing buyer power, appropriate price regulation of medicines and increasing transparency regarding the costs of pharmaceutical companies
DISCLOSURE OF LENIENCY DOCUMENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ANTITRUST DAMAGES ACTIONS
Full text linkPravica do odškodnine prava EU je lahko v nekaterih primerih v nasprotju z učinkovitostjo javnega izvrševanja pravil EU o konkurenci s strani Evropske komisije in nacionalnih organov, pristojnih za konkurenco. Tako je v primeru, ko žrtev kršitve pravil EU o konkurenci zaprosi za dostop do dokumentov, ki jih je organ, pristojen za konkurenco, pridobil v okviru programa prizanesljivosti. Razkritje teh dokumentov bi bilo škodljivo za udeležence kartela, na način, da bi jih odvrnilo od sodelovanja v okviru programa prizanesljivosti. Prav tako bi njihovo razkritje zmanjšalo privlačnost in učinkovitost programov prizanesljivosti na ravni EU ali nacionalni ravni. Po drugi strani pa ti dokumenti vsebujejo informacije, ki jih žrtve kršitev pravil EU o konkurenci potrebujejo za utemeljitev odškodninske tožbe.
Magistrsko delo preučuje načine dostopa do dokumentov iz programa prizanesljivosti. Avtorica poskuša na podlagi analize sodne prakse Sodišč EU, nacionalnih sodišč držav članic, sodišč tretjih držav in Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice odgovoriti na vprašanje ali se naj žrtvam kršitev pravil EU o konkurenci zagotovi dostop do dokumentov iz programa prizanesljivosti. Avtorica prav tako opozori tudi na težave pri dostopu do navedenih dokumentov, ki so posledica odsotnosti pravno zavezujočih aktov na ravni EU. V zadnjem delu magistrskega dela je pozornost namenjena reformi programa prizanesljivosti in sprejetim ukrepom na ravni EU, katerih namen je zagotoviti učinkovito izvrševanje pravil EU o konkurenci.EU right to compensation can sometimes be at odds with the effectiveness of public enforcement of EU competition rules by the European Commission and by the competition authorities of the EU Member States. This is the case when the victim of a competition law infringement is seeking access to documents that a competition authority obtained under a leniency programme. Disclosure of leniency documents is not only detrimental to the cartel participants, because it might deter them from cooperating with the competition authority under its leniency programme, but might seriously undermine the attractiveness and thus the effectiveness of leniency programmes. On the other hand, these documents contain valuable information for victims of a competition law infringement. Leniency documents could greatly help victims to prove their case.
This thesis assess the different routes for victims of a competition law infringement to seek disclosure of leniency documents. The author explores the question whether or not leniency documents can be disclosed in actions for damages. On the basis of the analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, courts of the EU Member States, third-country national courts and European Court of Human Rights the author draws attention to the challanges victims of a competition law infringement face when trying to access leniency documents. In the final part of this thesis, the focal point is centred on the measures taken at EU level to this end
COPYRIGHT IN MUSIC
Full text linkDiplomska naloga obravnava aktualno problematiko avtorskih pravic v glasbi. Uvodoma je predstavljena predvsem problematika fotokopiranja notnega gradiva ter stanje v amaterskih pihalnih orkestrih. V teoretičnem delu nas seznanja s temeljnimi glasbenimi pojmi, z avtorskim pravom in znotraj njega z osnovnimi prvinami kot so avtorsko delo, avtor, avtorske pravice ter avtorskim sorodne pravice. Avtorica skuša tematiko čim bolj navezati na glasbeno področje in s tem seznaniti pravnike z glasbenim svetom, prav tako pa tudi glasbenike s pravom in njihovimi pravicami ter dolžnostmi, saj se zaveda, da največ problemov tiči v nepoznavanju obeh področij. Diplomsko delo se dotakne tudi problematike slovenskih kulturnih društev, ki jim instituti avtorskega prava velikokrat povzročajo preglavice.
V empiričnem delu je predstavljena analiza raziskave, ki je bila izvedena med glasbeniki. V raziskavi se je ugotovilo, koliko so glasbeniki dejansko seznanjeni z instituti avtorskega prava in kakšno pomembnost pripisujejo določenim pravicam. Iz rezultatov se da sklepati, da je za večino kršitev avtorskih pravic v glasbi krivo nepoznavanje prava.The diploma thesis deals with the topical issue of copyright in music. In the beginning, the issue of photocopying music notes is discussed as well as the situation in amateur wind orchestras. In the theoretical part, we get acquainted with the basic musical concepts, copyright law and within law itself with the basic elements such as the author\u27s intellectual work, the author, copyright and copyright-related rights. The author tries to connect the topic as much as possible to the field of music, and thus acquaint lawyers with the music world, as well as acquaint musicians with law and their rights and responsibilities, because she recognizes that most problems lie in the ignorance of both fields. The thesis also confronts the issue of Slovene cultural associations, while institutes of copyright law a lot of times just cause difficulties for them.
The empirical part presents a research analysis, which was carried out among musicians. The aim of the research was to find out to what extent musicians are familiarised with the institutes of copyright law and what importance they attribute to certain rights. We may conclude from the results that for the majority of copyright infringement in music we can blame ignorance of law
Press publisher`s right
Full text linkMagistrska naloga raziskuje koncept pravice založnikov medijskih publikacij in njene posledice v luči krize dobičkonosnosti v konvencionalni založniški industriji. Prav tako preučuje vpliv zbirateljev novic na založniško industrijo. Ker je uveljavitev nove sorodne pravice za založnike medijskih publikacij široko sprejeta kot možna rešitev za krizo v industriji, avtor raziskuje tudi vlogo in delovanje sorodnih pravic v 21. stoletju.
Naloga nato kritično analizira glavne argumente, ki podpirajo in nasprotujejo sorodni pravici založnikov medijskih publikacij. Z analizo teh argumentov avtor zaključi, da sorodne pravice niso ustrezna rešitev za krizo, s katero se soočajo založniki medijskih publikacij. Glavni razlog za to je, da pravica ne naslavlja osnovnega problema neproporcionalne tržne prevlade največjih tehnoloških podjetij, kot so Google, Apple itd.
V drugem delu naloge avtor preučuje pravico založnikov medijskih publikacij, kot je ta opredeljena v členu 15 Direktive (EU) 2019/790 Evropskega parlamenta in sveta o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah na enotnem digitalnem trgu in spremembi direktiv 96/9/ES in 2001/29/ES. Avtor poudarja inherentne omejitve pravice založnikov medijskih publikacij in njeno nesposobnost, da doseže glavni cilj reševanja krize v industriji. Poleg tega se naloga osredotoča na specifične določbe člena 15 (kot sta opredelitev pojmov zelo kratkih izvlečkov in ustrezen delež dohodka), ki poudarjajo glavne slabosti direktive in posledice, ki jih je prinesla implementacija direktive v državah članicah EU.
Naloga ponuja vpoglede v smiselnost sorodne pravice založnikov medijskih publikacij in učinkovitost pristopa EU pri obvladovanju izzivov, s katerimi se sooča medijska industrija. Ugotovitve osvetljujejo pereče težave, povezane z založniško industrijo, ter prispevajo k trajajočemu razpravljanju o ustrezni ukrepih za podporo in zaščito založnikov tiska v digitalni dobi.The master\u27s thesis investigates the concept of the press publishers right and its consequences in the light of the crisis of profitability in the conventional publishing industry. It also examines the impact of news aggregators on the publishing industry. As the introduction of a new neighbouring right for press publishers is widely accepted as a possible solution to the crisis in the publishing industry, the author also explores the role and operation of neighbouring rights in the 21st century.
The assignment then critically analyzes the main arguments that support and oppose the press publishers right. Analyzing these arguments, the author concludes that neighbouring rights are not an adequate solution to the crisis faced by publishers of media publications. The main reason for this is that the press publishers right does not address the underlying problem of the disproportionate market dominance of the biggest tech companies like Google, Apple, etc.
In the second part of the assignment, the author examines the press publishers right, as defined in Article 15 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright and related rights in the single digital market and the amendment of Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29 /EC. The author emphasizes the inherent limitations of the press publishers right and its inability to achieve the main goal of solving the crisis in the industry. In addition, the assignment focuses on the specific provisions of Article 15 (such as the definition of very short extracts and the appropriate share of income), which highlight the main weaknesses of the directive and the consequences brought about by the implementation of the directive in EU member states.
The task offers insights into the reasonableness of the press publishers right and the effectiveness of the EU\u27s approach in managing the challenges faced by the media industry. The findings shed light on pressing issues related to the publishing industry and contribute to the ongoing debate about appropriate measures to support and protect print publishers in the digital age
PRIVATE REPRODUCTION AS A LIMITATION TO COPYRIGHT
Full text linkV pričujočem delu ugotavljamo, da je pravica reproduciranja najpomembnejša avtorska pravica, obseg zaščite avtorskih pravic pa se je postopoma razširjal in tako le-ta danes vključuje tudi primere, kadar reprodukcija ni identična originalu. V jedru diplomskega dela spoznamo, da reprodukcijo srečamo v različnih oblikah in obsegih, izjemno pomembno pa je tudi poudariti, da je odplačnost, neodplačnost reproduciranja ali uporaba kopij glede avtorjevih pravic nepomembna. Pred samim zaključkom dela spoznamo še t. i. tristopenjski test, katerega slovensko različico – štiristopenjski test – ureja ZASP v 46. členu, pri čemer gre za dodatna pravila, ki vsebinsko omejujejo avtorsko pravico.In this thesis we notice that the reproduction right is the most important of copyright. The scope of copyright protection has been gradually expanded, so that today it also includes cases where the reproduction is not identical to the original. In the heart of the thesis we discover that reproduction can be found in various forms and scopes. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that lucrative character of reproduction as well as the use of copies are irrelevant in relation to author\u27s rights. In addition, just before the conclusion we become familiar with so-called three-step test, whose Slovenian version – the so-called four-step test – is regulated by ZASP in its Article 46. Three- and four-step test express some additional rules that substantially limit the copyright
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