293 research outputs found
Sistema pensionistico e lavoro femminile
No full textRicerca condotta con Dott.ssa Simonetta Renga per conto dell'Ires - Emilia Romagna e finanziata dal Ministero del lavoro e della previdenza sociale - Comitato nazionale di parità e pari opportunità nel lavoro - Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato: Roma 1999
Lungo la strada della conciliazione: spunti per il dibattito
No full textLa direttiva 1158/2019/UE avrebbe potuto rappresentare un momento importante di verifica e ripensamento del livello di riconci- liazione tra vita familiare e professionale raggiunto nel nostro ordinamento. L’attuazione della direttiva, avvenuta con il d.lgs. n. 105/2022, tuttavia, ha prodotto un mero intervento correttivo dell’esistente, fallendo in parte anche nell’obiettivo di realizzarne una implementazione completa. I saggi proposti, lungi dal rappresentare dei lavori esegetici esaustivi, vogliono essere un contributo dell’‘Officina ferrarese’ al dibattito in corso sulla riconciliazione della vita professionale e familiare e sull’equa distribuzione dei ruoli di cura all’interno della famiglia (intesa nel senso più ampio possibile)
I congedi di paternità e parentali: da una direttiva prudente a un’occasione mancata
No full textIl saggio descrive lo stato di attuazione in Italia della direttiva 1158/2019/UE in relazione ai congedi di paternità e parentale. Il con-gedo di paternità e quello parentale sono sempre stati nel nostro Pae-se le Cenerentole della protezione sociale rivolta alla cura dei figli e più generalmente della famiglia, qui intesa nel senso più ampio pos-sibile. Proprio per queste ragioni la direttiva n. 1158/2019 avrebbe potuto rappresentare un momento importante di verifica e ripensa-mento del sistema dei congedi e del livello di riconciliazione tra vita familiare e professionale raggiunto nel nostro ordinamento. Tuttavia, l’implementazione della direttiva in Italia, una direttiva già in sé fragi-le, ha prodotto un mero intervento correttivo dell’esistente, fallendo in parte anche nell’obiettivo di realizzarne una attuazione completa. Il saggio si chiude con una carrellata di disposizioni nazionali dei vari paesi dell’Unione, tratta dal recente Rapporto tematico sulla trasposi-zione della direttiva n. 1158/2019, scritto da De La Corte-Rodríguez, nell’ambito Dell’European Network of Legal Experts in Gender Equality and Non-Discrimination della Commissione Europea
Il cammino della conciliazione è lastricato di buone intenzioni
No full textL’implementazione della direttiva nel nostro ordinamento, avvenuta con il d.lgs. n. 105/2022, come si avrà modo di constatare, ha prodotto un mero intervento correttivo dell’esistente, fallendo in parte anche nell’obiettivo di realizzarne una attuazione completa.
I saggi proposti, lungi dal rappresentare dei lavori esegetici esaustivi, vogliono essere un contributo dell’‘Officina ferrarese’ al dibattito in corso sulla riconciliazione della vita professionale e familiare e sull’equa distribuzione dei ruoli di cura all’interno della famiglia (intesa nel senso più ampio possibile). Contributi o addirittura solo spunti, né potrebbe essere altrimenti, essendo noi ben lontani dallo splendore del Rinascimento estense
La famiglia nella previdenza sociale
No full text1. Previdenza e famiglia. – 2. Alla ricerca di una protezione mancata ... – 3. ... e di una nozione perduta. – 4. La sussidiarietà ritrovata
La 'riforma' degli ammortizzatori sociali [The 'reform' of social protection for the unemployed]
No full textThe Author analyzes the reform of social protection provisions for the unemployed. The reform turns out to be rather a soft rationalization of the existing provisions. There are important provisions and an attempt at outlining a systematic framework. However, the pieces of the whole jigsaw puzzle are far from finding the right place. We assisted to a virtual reform, the main object of which is that of restoring the political credibility of the Country. However, on the whole, the Author does not believe that something much different could be have been done, considering the deep economic crises of the Country, the complexity of the provisions under review and the fact that the Monti’s Government is a temporary one. The main shortcomings of the reform, however, are the lack of a universal provision on minimum income for the unemployed and the softness of the link between unemployment benefits and labour market active policies
Protezione sociale ed istituti della riconciliazione
No full textThe Author explains the importance of finding a definition of reconciliation in the area of social protection in order to be able to have a critical approach to the different instruments of reconciliation. She looks then to the definition of reconciliation in the European Union legislation and stresses how the notion of reconciliation is linked to substantial equality and to the redistribution of roles within the family as well as to a bi-directional nature of its provisions and to the presence of a complex whole of rationes. These elements are then used to suggest a path for the definition of reconciliation in the social protection field
Post fata resurgo: la rivincita del principio assicurativo nella tutela della disoccupazione
No full textThe Author analyses the Renzi’s reform of social protection for the unemployed. The impact of the reform on the social security system is taken into consideration. In particular, the reform is read through the lenses of the constitutional principles of equality, solidarity and social integration. To this end, the reform is tested through the axioms of universality of the social protection system, of the provision of the same event to be protected under the unemployed benefit and the active labour market policies systems and of the link between social security benefits and active labour market policies. Then the three new social security benefits provided by the reform are analysed. The paper finds that the reform brings about an increase of importance of insurance principles as well as a neo-paternalistic attitude and it marks a distance from the universality principle in social protection. This despite the Prime Minister claims to be doing the opposite
La sicurezza sociale alla prova di stress
No full textSocial security under stress
After outlining the characteristics of the Covid-19 pandemic, which are useful for analyzing its effects in terms of social protection, and framing the context of reference, the Author embarks on a path of analysis that highlights the departure of social protection from the founding principles art. 3 of the Constitution, in the areas affected by the provisions issued to deal with the economic-social emergency created by the pandemic, namely: unemployment benefits, parental leaves and social assistance provisions. In this context, the provisions issued to deal with the pandemic emergency become the plastic representation of the gaps in social protection and of the unstoppable weakening of social rights. The Covid-19 provisions, however, can also represent the starting point for a rethinking, a reformulation of a welfare more appropriate to the socio-economic evolution
Gender equality. How are EU rules transposed into national law? Italy 2021
No full text1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 5
1.1 Basic structure of the national legal system ............................................ 5
1.2 List of main legislation transposing and implementing the directives .......... 6
1.3 Sources of law .................................................................................... 7
2 General legal framework ............................................................................ 9
2.1 Constitution ........................................................................................ 9
2.2 Equal treatment legislation ................................................................... 9
3 Implementation of central concepts ......................................................... 11
3.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 11
3.2 Sex/gender/transgender .................................................................... 13
3.3 Direct sex discrimination .................................................................... 13
3.4 Indirect sex discrimination .................................................................. 14
3.5 Multiple discrimination and intersectional discrimination ......................... 15
3.6 Positive action................................................................................... 17
3.7 Harassment and sexual harassment..................................................... 20
3.8 Instruction to discriminate .................................................................. 22
3.9 Other forms of discrimination .............................................................. 22
3.10 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 23
3.11 Remaining issues............................................................................... 24
4 Equal pay and equal treatment at work (Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and Recast Directive 2006/54) ................................................................................................................. 25
4.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 25
4.2 Equal pay ......................................................................................... 28
4.3 Access to work, working conditions and dismissal .................................. 31
4.4 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 36
4.5 Remaining issues............................................................................... 38
5 Pregnancy, maternity, and leave related to work-life balance for workers (Directive 92/85, relevant provisions of Directives 2006/54, 2010/18 and 2019/1158) ............................................................................................. 40
5.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 40
5.2 Pregnancy and maternity protection .................................................... 43
5.3 Maternity leave ................................................................................. 46
5.4 Adoption leave .................................................................................. 51
5.5 Parental leave ................................................................................... 51
5.6 Paternity leave .................................................................................. 55
5.7 Time off for force majeure .................................................................. 57
5.8 Care leave ........................................................................................ 57
5.9 Leave in relation to surrogacy ............................................................. 59
5.10 Flexible working time arrangements..................................................... 59
5.11 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 61
5.12 Remaining issues............................................................................... 63
6 Occupational social security schemes (Chapter 2 of Directive 2006/54)..66
6.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 66
6.2 Direct and indirect discrimination ........................................................ 67
6.3 Personal scope .................................................................................. 67
6.4 Material scope ................................................................................... 67
6.5 Exclusions ........................................................................................ 67
6.6 Laws and case law falling under the examples of sex discrimination
mentioned in Article 9 of Directive 2006/54 .......................................... 67
6.7 Actuarial factors ................................................................................ 68
6.8 Difficulties ........................................................................................ 68
6.9 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 69
6.10 Remaining issues............................................................................... 69
7 Statutory schemes of social security (Directive 79/7) ............................. 70
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Country report - gender equality – Italy - 2021
7.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 70
7.2 Implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in
matters of social security.................................................................... 72
7.3 Personal scope .................................................................................. 74
7.4 Material scope ................................................................................... 74
7.5 Exclusions ........................................................................................ 75
7.6 Actuarial factors ................................................................................ 75
7.7 Difficulties ........................................................................................ 75
7.8 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 75
7.9 Remaining issues............................................................................... 76
8 Self-employed workers (Directive 2010/41/EU and some relevant provisions of the Recast Directive)........................................................... 77
8.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 77
8.2 Implementation of Directive 2010/41/EU .............................................. 78
8.3 Personal scope .................................................................................. 79
8.4 Material scope ................................................................................... 79
8.5 Positive action................................................................................... 80
8.6 Social protection ............................................................................... 80
8.7 Maternity benefits.............................................................................. 81
8.8 Occupational social security ................................................................ 82
8.9 Prohibition of discrimination ................................................................ 83
8.10 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 83
8.11 Remaining issues............................................................................... 83
9 Goods and services (Directive 2004/113) ................................................ 85
9.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 85
9.2 Prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination ..................................... 85
9.3 Material scope ................................................................................... 85
9.4 Exceptions ........................................................................................ 86
9.5 Justification of differences in treatment ................................................ 86
9.6 Actuarial factors ................................................................................ 86
9.7 Interpretation of exception contained in Article 5(2) of Directive 2004/11386
9.8 Positive action measures (Article 6 of Directive 2004/113)...................... 86
9.9 Specific problems related to pregnancy, maternity or parenthood ............ 86
9.10 Evaluation of implementation .............................................................. 87
9.11 Remaining issues............................................................................... 87
10 Violence against women and domestic violence in relation to the Istanbul Convention ............................................................................................... 88
10.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 88
10.2 Ratification of the Istanbul Convention ................................................. 91
11 Compliance and enforcement aspects (horizontal provisions of all directives) ................................................................................................ 93
11.1 General (legal) context....................................................................... 93
11.2 Victimisation ..................................................................................... 93
11.3 Access to courts ................................................................................ 94
11.4 Horizontal effect of the applicable law .................................................. 94
11.5 Burden of proof ................................................................................. 95
11.6 Remedies and sanctions ..................................................................... 95
11.7 Equality body .................................................................................... 96
11.8 Social partners .................................................................................. 97
11.9 Other relevant bodies......................................................................... 97
11.10 Evaluation of implementation.............................................................. 97
11.11 Remaining issues............................................................................... 98
12 Overall assessment .................................................................................. 99
Bibliography ................................................................................................... 10
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