1,721,026 research outputs found
An integrated approach for service selection using non-functional properties and composition context
Get PDFIn the maturing world of service oriented computing and Web services, we find ourselves in a position where numerous services are available, all of which address a specific need. Selecting the best such service based on the service context and a user’s current need becomes an important aspect. Services can be evaluated based on functional and non-functional criteria: the former represent the operation that the service provides, the latter criteria that differentiate functionally equal services. This chapter presents three closely related items addressing the problem of differentiating functionally equal services to find the most appropriate one in any given situation: (1) a generic and extensible model for non-functional properties, (2) a method for ranking services, and (3) an algorithm for selecting services that are part of larger execution chains. The method is evaluated, and the needs are exemplified with some motivating examples
Reconciliation of Contractual Concerns of Web Services
No full textThere exist many works addressing service contracts fully or partially. They often mention the same notion with different languages and terminologies. This causes several problems in the specification, negotiation, and monitoring of contractual concerns in service-oriented environments, in particular in the Internet-scale and cloud computing environments. With the objective of reconciling contractual concerns, in this chapter, we will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of existing languages and standards for describing service contracts. We will present our research efforts for dealing with multiple contract specifications and semantics mismatching when identifying, specifying, negotiating, and establishing service contracts for service composition in the Internet and cloud computing environments. We will explore the issues of service contracts compatibility and present our solutions. Furthermore, we will analyze crucial points in monitoring and enforcement emerging contractual terms for Internet-based and cloud-based services that so far have not been in the research focus
Problem-solution feature interactions as configuration knowledge in distributed runtime adaptations
Get PDFCurrent generative programming approaches use configuration knowledge to automatically manufacture an end product given a particular requirements specification. Such configuration knowledge models feature interactions either in the problem domain (at the requirements level) or in the solution domain (at the implementation level). Thus, feature interactions are defined as a composition problem in one specific phase of the generative programming lifecycle. However, we experienced the need to model and handle feature interactions that cross the problem and solution domain. This paper presents a specific case study, in the context of our work on distributed runtime adaptation, motivating this important but often ignored category of problem-solution feature interactions.status: Publishe
Semantic-Based Aspect Interaction Detection with Goal Models (position paper)
No full textDetecting undesired interactions in aspect-oriented models is closely related to detecting undesired feature interactions. Aspect interactions can be broadly categorized into syntactic interactions, which can be discovered by analysis based on syntax, and semantic interactions, which require an interpretation of the meaning of models. Semantic interactions are very hard to detect and at the same time often require significant rethinking or remodeling of the aspects. We argue that more research is needed to effectively deal with semantic interactions in aspectual models and that goal models are a suitable candidate to reason about these interactions
Handling Policy Conflicts in Call Control
No full textPolicies are becoming increasingly important in modern computer systems as a mechanism for end users and organisations to exhibit a level of control over software. Policies have long been established as an effective mechanism for enabling appropriate access control over resources, and for enforcing security considerations. However they are now becoming valued as a more general management mechanism for large-scale heterogeneous systems, including those exhibiting adaptive or autonomic behaviour. In the telecommunications domain, features have been widely used to provide users with (limited) control over calls. However, features have the disadvantage that they are low-level and implementation-oriented in nature. Furthermore, apart from limited parameterisation of some features, they tend to be very inflexible. Policies, in contrast, have the potential to be much higher-level, goal-oriented, and very flexible. This paper presents an architecture and its realisation for distributed and hierarchical policies within the telecommunications domain. The work deals with the important issue of policy conflict – the analogy of feature interaction
Goals and Conflicts in Telephony
No full textGoals are abstract, user-oriented objectives for how a system should behave. To be made operational, they are refined into lower-level policies that are executed dynamically. It is explained how previous work on policy-based management has been enhanced with a separate goal system that allows goals to be specified, analysed, refined, and achieved. It is shown how conflicts can arise at several levels among goals, and how these conflicts are detected and handled. Although the approach is general, it is illustrated through an application to Internet telephony
A Comparative Study of Evaluation Metrics for Long-Document Financial Narrative Summarization with Transformers
Get PDFThere are more than 2,000 listed companies on the UK’s London Stock Exchange, divided into 11 sectors who are required to communicate their financial results at least twice in a single financial year. UK annual reports are very lengthy documents with around 80 pages on average. In this study, we aim to benchmark a variety of summarisation methods on a set of different pre-trained transformers with different extraction techniques. In addition, we considered multiple evaluation metrics in order to investigate their differing behaviour and applicability on a dataset from the Financial Narrative Summarisation (FNS 2020) shared task, which is composed of annual reports published by firms listed on the London Stock Exchange and their corresponding summaries. We hypothesise that some evaluation metrics do not reflect true summarisation ability and propose a novel BRUGEscore metric, as the harmonic mean of ROUGE-2 and BERTscore. Finally, we perform a statistical significance test on our results to verify whether they are statistically robust, alongside an adversarial analysis task with three different corruption methods
Explaining a Deep Learning Model for Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification Using Post-hoc Local Classifiers
No full textAspect-Based Sentiment Classification (ABSC) models are increasingly utilised given the surge in opinionated text displayed on the Web. This paper aims to explain the outcome of a black box state-of-the-art deep learning model used for ABSC, LCR-Rot-hop++. We compare two sampling methods that feed an interpretability algorithm which is based on local linear approximations (LIME). One of the sampling methods, SS, swaps out different words from the original sentence with other similar words to create neighbours to the original sentence. The second method, SSb, uses SS and then filters its neighbourhood to better balance the sentiment proportions in the localities created. We use a 2016 restaurant reviews dataset for ternary classification and we judge the interpretability algorithms based on their hit rate and fidelity. We find that SSb can improve neighbourhood sentiment balance compared to SS, reducing bias for the majority class, while simultaneously increasing the performance of LIME.</p
Handling Policy Conflicts in Call Control
Get PDFPolicies are becoming increasingly important in modern computer systems as a mechanism for end users and organisations to exhibit a level of control over software. Policies have long been established as an effective mechanism for enabling appropriate access control over resources, and for enforcing security considerations. However they are now becoming valued as a more general management mechanism for large-scale heterogeneous systems, including those exhibiting adaptive or autonomic behaviour. In the telecommunications domain, features have been widely used to provide users with (limited) control over calls. However, features have the disadvantage that they are low-level and implementation-oriented in nature. Furthermore, apart from limited parameterisation of some features, they tend to be very inflexible. Policies, in contrast, have the potential to be much higher-level, goaloriented, and very flexible. This paper presents an architecture and its realisation for distributed and hierarchical policies within the telecommunications domain. The work deals with the important issue of policy conflict – the analogy of feature interaction
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