1,720,970 research outputs found
Designing a Digital Medical Interview Assistant for Radiology.
Full text linkRadiologists rarely interact with the patients whose radiological images they are reviewing due to time and resource constraints. However, relevant information about the patient's medical history could improve reporting performance and quality. In this work, our objective was to collect requirements for a digital medical interview assistant (DMIA) that collects the medical history from patients by means of a conversational agent and structures as well as provides the collected data to radiologists. Requirements were gathered based on a narrative literature review, a patient questionnaire and input from a radiologist. Based on these results, a system architecture for the DMIA was developed. 37 functional and 17 non-functional requirements were identified. The resulting architecture comprises five components, namely Chatbot, Natural language processing (NLP), Administration, Content Definition and Workflow Engine. To be able to quickly adapt the chatbot content according to the information needs of a specific radiological examination, there is a need for developing a sustainable process for the content generation that considers standardized data modelling as well as rewording of clinical language into consumer health vocabulary understandable to a diverse patient user group
A scoping review of large language model based approaches for information extraction from radiology reports
Full text linkRadiological imaging is a globally prevalent diagnostic method, yet the free text contained in radiology reports is not frequently used for secondary purposes. Natural Language Processing can provide structured data retrieved from these reports. This paper provides a summary of the current state of research on Large Language Model (LLM) based approaches for information extraction (IE) from radiology reports. We conduct a scoping review that follows the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Queries of five databases were conducted on August 1st 2023. Among the 34 studies that met inclusion criteria, only pre-transformer and encoder-based models are described. External validation shows a general performance decrease, although LLMs might improve generalizability of IE approaches. Reports related to CT and MRI examinations, as well as thoracic reports, prevail. Most common challenges reported are missing validation on external data and augmentation of the described methods. Different reporting granularities affect the comparability and transparency of approaches
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Large Language Model-Based Evaluation of Medical Question Answering Systems: Algorithm Development and Case Study.
Full text linkBACKGROUND
Healthcare systems are increasingly resource constrained, leaving less time for important patient-provider interactions. Conversational agents (CAs) could be used to support the provision of information and to answer patients' questions. However, information must be accessible to a variety of patient populations, which requires understanding questions expressed at different language levels.
METHODS
This study describes the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to evaluate predefined medical content in CAs across patient populations. These simulated populations are characterized by a range of health literacy. The evaluation framework includes both fully automated and semi-automated procedures to assess the performance of a CA.
RESULTS
A case study in the domain of mammography shows that LLMs can simulate questions from different patient populations. However, the accuracy of the answers provided varies depending on the level of health literacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Our scalable evaluation framework enables the simulation of patient populations with different health literacy levels and helps to evaluate domain specific CAs, thus promoting their integration into clinical practice. Future research aims to extend the framework to CAs without predefined content and to apply LLMs to adapt medical information to the specific (health) literacy level of the user
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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