1,721,842 research outputs found
Data Supporting Reich et al 2022: Even modest climate change may lead to major transitions in boreal forests
No full textTo test the uncertainty of the sensitivity of forests to near–term warming and associated precipitation we used a five–year open–air experiment in southern boreal forest located at two research sites in northern Minnesota. The experiment used juveniles of nine temperate and boreal tree species that grew under ambient and seasonally warmed (+1.6C and +3.1C above- and belowground) and rainfall reduced (~30% less rainfall) conditions. Each year we surveyed all trees for their survival and growth and measured in situ light-saturated net photosynthesis (Anet) and leaf diffusive conductance (gs).Reich, Peter, B.; Bermudez, Raimundo; Montgomery, Rebecca, A.; Rich, Roy, L.; Rice, Karen, E.; Hobbie, Sarah, E.; Stefanski, Artur. (2022). Data Supporting Reich et al 2022: Even modest climate change may lead to major transitions in boreal forests. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/rv3y-4x19
Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate–boreal forests
Full text linkForest compositional shifts in response to climate change are likely to be initially detectable in the understory tree regeneration layer near species range limits. Because many factors in addition to climate, such as seedbed and soil characteristics, overstory composition, and interactions with other understory biota, drive tree regeneration trends, a thorough understanding of the relative importance of all variables as well as their interrelationships is needed. The range limits of several widespread temperate and boreal tree species overlap in the upper Great Lakes region, USA, thus facilitating an observational study over relatively short regional climate gradients. We used redundancy analysis and
variation partitioning to quantify the unique, shared, and total explanatory power of four sets of explanatory variables. The results showed that all four variable sets (climate 9.5 %, understory environment 13.7 %, overstory composition 26.3 %, and understory biota 13.8 %) were significantly associated with tree regeneration compositional variation in mixed temperate–boreal forests. Partitioning also revealed high confounded or shared explanatory power, but also that each set contributed significant unique explanatory power not shared with other sets. Spatial patterning in regeneration composition was strongly related to broad scale environmental patterns, while the large majority of unexplained variation did not have a detectable spatial structure, suggesting factors with local scale variability. Future forest shifts across the landscape will depend not only on the rate and direction of climate change but also on how the strengths and interrelationships among other explanatory variables, such as overstory composition and understory biota, shift with a changing climate.Fisichelli, Nicholas A; Frelich, Lee E; Reich, Peter B. (2013). Climate and interrelated tree regeneration drivers in mixed temperate–boreal forests. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1007/s10980-012-9827-z
Co-limitation toward lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
No full textThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers.EEA Santa CruzFil: liang, Jingjing. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural resources. Forest Advanced computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FAcAI); Estados UnidosFil: Gamarra, Javier G. P. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Forestry Division; Italia.Fil: Picard, Nicolas. GIP ECOFOr; FranciaFil: Zhou, Mo. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural resources. Forest Advanced computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FAcAI); Estados UnidosFil: Pijanowski, Bryan. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural resources; Estados UnidosFil: Jacobs, Douglass F. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural resources; Estados UnidosFil: Reich, Peter B. University of Michigan. Institute for Global change biology. School for environment and Sustainability; Estados UnidosFil: Reich, Peter B. University of Minnesota. Department of Forest resources; Estados UnidosFil: Reich, Peter B. Western Sydney University. Hawkesbury Institute for the environment; Australia.Fil: Crowther, Thomas W. Institute of Integrative biology. Crowther Lab. Department of environmental Systems Science; SuizaFil: Nabuurs , Gert-Jan. Wageningen University and research. Wageningen environmental research; Países BajosFil: Nabuurs , Gert-Jan. Wageningen University and research. Forest ecology and Forest Management Group; Países BajosFil: de-Miguel, Sergio. University of Lleida. Department of crop and Forest Sciences; EspañaFil: de-Miguel, Sergio. Joint research Unit CTFC. Agrotecnio cercA; EspañaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Hui, Cang. Stellenbosch University. Department of Mathematical Sciences. Centre for Invasion biology; SudáfricaFil: Hui, Cang. African Institute for Mathematical Sciences; Sudáfric
Further re-analyses looking for effects of phylogenetic diversity on community biomass and stability
Full text linkCardinale, Bradley J; Venail, Patrick; Gross, Kevin; Oakley, Todd H; Narwani, Anita; Allan, Eric; Flombaum, Pedro; Joshi, Jasmin; Reich, Peter B; Tilman, David; van Ruijven, Jasper. (2015). Further re-analyses looking for effects of phylogenetic diversity on community biomass and stability. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1111/1365-2435.12540
Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential
Full text linkForests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system1. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests2–5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced6 and satellitederived approaches2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151–363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C)
of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot
be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.EEA Santa CruzFil: Mo, Lidong. Institute of Integrative Biology. ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); SuizaFil: Zohner, Constantin M. Institute of Integrative Biology. ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); SuizaFil: Reich, Peter B. University of Minnesota. Department of Forest Resources; Estados UnidosFil: Reich, Peter B. Western Sydney University. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Australia.Fil: Reich, Peter B. University of Michigan. Institute for Global Change Biology; Estados UnidosFil: Liang, Jingjing. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Estados UnidosFil: de-Miguel, Sergio. University of Lleida. Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering; EspañaFil: de-Miguel, Sergio. Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO – CERCA; EspañaFil: Nabuurs, Gert-Jan. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Renner, Susanne S. Washington University. Department of Biology; Estados UnidosFil: van den Hoogen, Johan. Institute of Integrative Biology. ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); SuizaFil: Araza, Arnan. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Herold, Martin. Helmholtz GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Section; Alemania.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral.; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Crowther, Thomas W. Institute of Integrative Biology. ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); Suiz
Diversity and stability in plant communities (Reply)
No full textwww.nature.comwww.nature.comTilman, D; Reich, Peter B; Knops, J M H. (2007). Diversity and stability in plant communities (Reply). Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1038/nature05750
Increasing plant diversity effects on productivity with time due to delayed soil biota effects on plants
No full textPlant diversity experiments in temperate grasslands have served as model system for exploring the consequences of biodiversity loss and understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Recently, ecologists have emphasized that plant diversity effects on plant productivity increase with time; however, the mechanisms responsible for delayed ecosystem responses to diversity manipulations are poorly understood. The present paper briefly reviews temporal changes in grassland biodiversity experiments and proposes antagonistic and facilitative soil effects on plant performance as a mechanistic explanation for increasing plant diversity effects on plant productivity with time. We show that the mechanisms previously proposed to be responsible for the increasing influence of plant diversity effects with time rely in part or entirely on soil biota. Moreover, we show that significant plant diversity effects on soil organisms increase considerably with experimental duration and that the number of respective long-term studies is extremely low. We posit that in the long-term species-rich plant communities experience predominantly facilitative net effects by soil biota promoting plant community growth, such as decomposers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, whereas species-poor plant communities are subject to antagonistic net soil effects due to the accumulation of pathogens, such as nematodes. We therefore suggest that soil biota and their net effect on plants need to be considered in biodiversity experiments to understand changes in time of the effects of plant diversity on the productivity and functioning of plant communities
Sapling growth responses to warmer temperatures 'cooled' by browse pressure
No full textRising temperatures are predicted to cause temperate tree species to expand north into currently boreal dominated forests. Other factors, such as overabundant deer, may hinder temperate expansion. We examined how interactions among temperature, browse pressure, light availability, and initial size impact height and radial growth of naturally regenerated, competing temperate and boreal saplings across their overlapping range limits in central North America. In 9 of 10 growth model comparisons, the inclusion of mean summer temperature and browse damage as explanatory variables strongly improved model performance over the base model with only initial size and light availability as parameters. Potential growth reductions due to browse damage and temperature limitation were similar in magnitude (up to ~50%). Temperate sapling growth increased and boreal growth decreased with temperature across a regional summer temperature gradient (2.3°C), causing a rank reversal in growth rates, and suggesting that temperature is a key driver of sapling performance and range boundaries. However, under high browse pressure positive temperate responses to temperature were eliminated, essentially pushing the crossover point in growth between temperate and boreal species further south. These results highlight the importance of interactions among global change agents and potential impediments for tree species to track a rapidly changing climate
Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2: Comment
Full text linkSchnitzer, Stefan A; Londré, Ronald A; Klironomos, John; Reich, Peter B. (2008). Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2: Comment. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1890/06-1609.1
Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests
No full textSpecies’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community
reassembly.EEA Santa Cruz, INTAFil: Hordijk, Iris. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Institute of Integrative Biology; SuizaFil: Hordijk, Iris. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Poorter, Lourens. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Liang, Jingjing. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Estados UnidosFil: Reich, Peter B. University of Minnesota. Department of Forest Resources; Estados UnidosFil: Reich, Peter B. Western Sydney University. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment; Australia.Fil: de-Miguel, Sergio. University of Lleida. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences; EspañaFil: de-Miguel, Sergio. Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC); EspañaFil: Nabuurs, Gert-Jan. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Gamarra, Javier G. P. Organization of the United Nations. Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture; ItaliaFil: Chen, Han Y. H. Lakehead University. Faculty of Natural Resources Management; Canadá.Fil: Zhou, Mo. Purdue University. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Estados UnidosFil: Wiser, Susan. Fil: Wiser, Susan. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Crowther, Thomas W. Institute of Integrative biology. Crowther Lab. Department of environmental Systems Science; Suiz
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