121 research outputs found
Attenuated increase in maximal force of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle after concurrent peak power and endurance training
No full textImprovement of muscle peak power and oxidative capacity are generally presumed to be mutually exclusive. However, this may not be valid by using fibre type-specific recruitment. Since rat medial gastrocnemius muscle (GM) is composed of high and low oxidative compartments which are recruited task specifically, we hypothesised that the adaptive responses to peak power training were unaffected by additional endurance training. Thirty rats were subjected to either no training (control), peak power training (PT), or both peak power and endurance training (PET), which was performed on a treadmill 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Maximal running velocity increased 13.5% throughout the training and was similar in both training groups. Only after PT, GM maximal force was 10% higher than that of the control group. In the low oxidative compartment, mRNA levels of myostatin and MuRF-1 were higher after PT as compared to those of control and PET groups, respectively. Phospho-S6 ribosomal protein levels remained unchanged, suggesting that the elevated myostatin levels after PT did not inhibit mTOR signalling. In conclusion, even by using task-specific recruitment of the compartmentalized rat GM, additional endurance training interfered with the adaptive response of peak power training and attenuated the increase in maximal force after power training. © 2013 Regula Furrer et al
OKA process evaluation
No full textprepared by: Carrie Furrer, Ph.D., Beth L. Green, Ph.D.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Wirtschaftsstrafrecht der Schweiz – aktuelle Aspekte
No full textKein Abstract vorhanden.+ ID der Publikation: unilu_6828 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2018-10-05 11:19:4
Optimized Engagement of Macrophages and Satellite Cells in the Repair and Regeneration of Exercised Muscle
No full textRecurring contraction-relaxation cycles exert a massive mechanical load on muscle fibers. Training adaptation therefore entails the promotion of a series of biological programs aimed at inducing a better stress response but also at optimizing repair processes. Muscle regeneration is controlled by an intricate, tightly coordinated engagement of muscle fibers, satellite cells, macrophages and other cell types. In this review, we discuss some of the recent insights into the regulation of muscle repair and regeneration in exercised muscle, elucidate the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in this context, and speculate about potential implications for the treatment of muscle diseases
Drugs, clocks and exercise in ageing: hype and hope, fact and fiction
No full textAgeing is a biological process that is linked to a functional decline, ultimately resulting in death. Large interindividual differences exist in terms of life- and healthspan, representing life expectancy and the number of years spent in the absence of major diseases, respectively. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of the ageing process, and those that render age the main risk factor for many diseases are still poorly understood. Nevertheless, a growing number of compounds have been put forward to affect this process. However, for scientists and laypeople alike, it is difficult to separate fact from fiction, and hype from hope. In this review, we discuss the currently pursued pharmacological anti-ageing approaches. These are compared to non-pharmacological interventions, some of which confer powerful effects on health and well-being, in particular an active lifestyle and exercise. Moreover, functional parameters and biological clocks as well as other molecular marks are compared in terms of predictive power of morbidity and mortality. Then, conceptual aspects and roadblocks in the development of anti-ageing drugs are outlined. Finally, an overview on current and future strategies to mitigate age-related pathologies and the extension of life- and healthspan is provided
A selective view of climatological data and likelihood estimation
No full textThis article gives a narrative overview of what constitutes climatological data and their typical features, with a focus on aspects relevant to statistical modeling. We restrict the discussion to univariate spatial fields and focus on maximum likelihood estimation. To address the problem of enormous datasets, we study three common approximation schemes: tapering, direct misspecification, and composite likelihood for Gaussian and nonGaussian distributions. We focus particularly on the so-called 'sinh-arcsinh distribution', obtained through a specific transformation of the Gaussian distribution. Because it has flexible marginal distributions - possibly skewed and/or heavy-tailed - it has a wide range of applications. One appealing property of the transformation involved is the existence of an explicit inverse transformation that makes likelihood-based methods straightforward. We describe a simulation study illustrating the effects of the different approximation schemes. To the best of our knowledge, a direct comparison of tapering, direct misspecification, and composite likelihood has never been made previously, and we show that direct misspecification is inferior. In some metrics, composite likelihood has a minor advantage over tapering. We use the estimation approaches to model a high-resolution global climate change field. All simulation code is available as a Docker container and is thus fully reproducible. Additionally, the present article describes where and how to get various climate datasets. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND licens
Exercise and PGC-1α in inflammation and chronic disease
No full textA sedentary lifestyle is a strong and independent risk factor for many chronic diseases. In most cases, inadequate levels of physical activity are linked to a persistent, sterile inflammation, both locally in various organs as well as systemically. Inversely, exercise is an efficient intervention for the prevention and treatment of various pathologies. Despite this obvious importance, the molecular mechanisms that underlie exercise‐induced health benefits remain largely unclear. In recent years, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) has emerged as a regulatory nexus of muscle adaptation to endurance exercise. Muscle PGC‐1α not only promotes an oxidative, slow‐twitch muscle fiber type, but also modulates the phenotype of non‐muscle cells. For example, activation of epithelial cells contributes to PGC‐1α‐controlled muscle vascularization. Similarly, a muscle PGC‐1α‐dependent signaling results in a remodeling of the active zone of motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction. Intriguingly, PGC‐1α also reduces pro‐inflammatory gene expression in muscle and most likely other cell types. Thus, a bidirectional negative regulation of PGC‐1α and the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) might provide the molecular basis for the mutual antagonism between oxidative metabolism and inflammation in muscle. In this review, we summarize the regulation and function of these transcriptional regulators with a particular focus on exercise and inflammation in skeletal muscle
Muscle Wasting Diseases: Novel Targets and Treatments
No full textAdequate skeletal muscle plasticity is an essential element for our well-being, and compromised muscle function can drastically affect quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Surprisingly, however, skeletal muscle remains one of the most under-medicated organs. Interventions in muscle diseases are scarce, not only in neuromuscular dystrophies, but also in highly prevalent secondary wasting pathologies such as sarcopenia and cachexia. Even in other diseases that exhibit a well-established risk correlation of muscle dysfunction due to a sedentary lifestyle, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular pathologies, current treatments are mostly targeted on non-muscle tissues. In recent years, a renewed focus on skeletal muscle has led to the discovery of various novel drug targets and the design of new pharmacological approaches. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the key mechanisms involved in muscle wasting conditions and novel pharmacological avenues that could ameliorate muscle diseases
Emergence of extensively drug-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae in Switzerland
No full textTwo homosexual men were colonized in the urethra with Haemophilus parainfluenzae nonsusceptible to ampicillin (MIC, 8 μg/ml), amoxicillin-clavulanate (MIC, 4 μg/ml), cefotaxime (MIC, 1.5 μg/ml), cefepime (MIC, 3 μg/ml), meropenem (MIC, 0.5 μg/ml), cefuroxime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol (all MICs, ≥ 32 μg/ml). Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) showed that the strains were indistinguishable. The isolates had amino acid substitutions in PBP3, L4, GyrA, and ParC and possessed Mef(A), Tet(M), and CatS resistance mechanisms. This is the first report of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) H. parainfluenzae
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