72 research outputs found
sj-doc-1-chi-10.1177_17423953211054023 - Supplemental material for Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for obesity among community-dwelling older adults in Ghana and Nigeria: A secondary analysis of data from the SIREN study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-chi-10.1177_17423953211054023 for Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for obesity among community-dwelling older adults in Ghana and Nigeria: A secondary analysis of data from the SIREN study by Onoja M. Akpa, Akinkunmi P. Okekunle, Fred S. Sarfo, Rufus O. Akinyemi, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole W. Wahab, Morenikeji Komolafe, Reginald Obiako, Lukman Owolabi, Carolyn Jenkins, Adeoye Abiodun, Godwin Ogbole, Bimbo Fawale, Joshua Akinyemi, Atinuke Agunloye, Ezinne O. Uvere, Adekunle Fakunle, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa O. Owolabi and in Chronic Illness</p
Peculiarities of genital ulcer diseases in HIV-infected patients: Report of four cases from Zaria, Nigeria
No full textPeculiarities of genital ulcer diseases in HIV-infected patients: Report of four cases from Zaria, Nigeria
No full textHIV Wasting Syndrome in a Nigerian Failing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Get PDFThe HIV wasting syndrome represented the face of HIV/AIDS before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although the incidence of wasting has declined since the introduction of HAART, weight loss remains common in patients receiving HAART, especially in the setting of a failing HAART regimen. As we are not aware of any previous reports from Nigeria, we report a case of the classical wasting syndrome in a Nigerian female who had both virological and immunological HAART failure due to poor adherence. The influence of a failing HAART regimen, socioeconomic status, and other clinical variables in the wasting syndrome are discussed
Immune Dysfunction in HIV: A Possible Role for Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV Staging
No full textHIV infection is a chronic infection that almost inevitably progresses to AIDS. The infection is characterized by the deterioration in the immune function leading to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Additionally, there is an associated immune dysfunction characterized by a persistent inflammatory state and unhealthy elaboration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The CD4+ T cell count has been used as a surrogate for the level of immune dysfunction that exists in patients with HIV infection. Eighty-eight (88) patients with HIV infection, forty-four (44) of whom were treatment naïve patients and forty-four (44) who were treatment-experienced patients, were recruited. The serum concentrations of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were carried out using R&D human Quantikine ELISA kits, while patients’ CD4+ T cell counts were evaluated using the Partec easy count kit. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher among the AR-naïve participants compared to the ART-experienced group. Additionally, the IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with lower CD4+ T cell count compared to those with higher cell counts though this was not statistically significant. Also, both IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with higher WHO clinical staging of disease, significantly so for IL-6
Cryptococcal meningitis after ART : Need for proper baseline evaluation in the era of ‘Test & Treat’
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Sleep disturbances and associated factors amongst stroke survivors in North Central, Nigeria
No full textIntroduction: Sleep disturbance is common in persons with stroke and when unrecognised and untreated may hinder rehabilitation efforts and lead to poor functional outcome. It may also result in increased risk for stroke recurrence. Aim: We investigated the frequency and associated factors of sleep disturbances amongst stroke survivors. Methodology: One hundred and ten stroke survivors attending the neurology outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals, from February 2021 to January 2022, were interviewed after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain their socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and sleep disturbances. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analysed with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Eighty (72.7%) patients were males with a mean age of 61.4 ± 11.8, slightly older than the females (30, 27.3%) with a mean age of 60.9 ± 2.9. Their median follow-up duration was 7.5 months. Majority (84, 76.4%) had ischaemic stroke, and the frequency of sleep disturbances was 37 (33.6%) consisting of insomnia (19, 17.3%), hypersomnia (10, 9.0%), sleep-disordered breathing (5, 4.5%) and sleep-related movement disorder (3, 2.7%), respectively. Using the ESS score, 22 (20.0%) had mild, 10 (9.0%) had moderate and 7 (6.4%) had severe ESS scores, respectively. Univariate analysis showed depression to be significantly associated with ESS (P = 0.006) whereas multivariate analysis revealed age and sex as significant associated factors (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009) of ESS. Conclusion: More than one-third of participants reported sleep disturbances with depression, age and gender as associated factors
Risk Assessment Score and χ2 Automatic Interaction Detection Algorithm for Hypertension Among Africans: Models From the SIREN Study
No full textBackground:
This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model for hypertension among Africans. Methods:
In this study, 4413 stroke-free controls were used to develop the risk-scoring model for hypertension. Logistic regression models were applied to 13 vascular risk factors. We randomly split the data set into training and testing data at a ratio of 80:20. Constant and standardized weights were assigned to factors significantly associated with hypertension in the regression model to develop a probability risk score on a scale of 0% to 100% using a logistic regression model. The model accuracy was assessed to estimate the cutoff score for discriminating between hypertensives.
Results:
Mean age was 59.9±13.3, 56.0% were hypertensives, and 7 factors, including diabetes, age in years, waist circumference, body mass index, highest education completed, family history of cardiovascular diseases, and current alcohol use, were associated with hypertension. Cohen κ was maximal at ≥0.28, and a total probability risk score of ≥0.60 was adopted for both statistical weighting for risk quantification of hypertension in both data sets. The probability risk score presented a good performance—receiver operating characteristic: 64% (95% CI, 61.0–68.0), a sensitivity of 55.1%, specificity of 71.5%, positive predicted value of 70.9%, and negative predicted value of 55.8%, in the test data set. Similarly, decision tree had a predictive accuracy of 67.7% (95% CI, 66.1–69.3) for the training set and 64.6% (95% CI, 61.0–68.0) for the testing data set.
Conclusions:
The novel risk assessment model discriminated hypertensives with good accuracy and will be helpful in the early identification of community-based Africans vulnerable to hypertension for its primary prevention
Psychometric validity of the distress thermometer and problem check list in ART-na\uefve HIV infected patients in Northern Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: HIV diagnosis comes with a lot of worry and distress.
Ability to objectively estimate this distress by non-psychiatrist will
enhance early detection of psychological distress for intervention.
Objectives: To investigate the validity of the Distress Thermometer
(DT) and its problem checklist in achieving early detection of mental
distress among ART-na\uefve HIV infected patient. Materials and
Methods: A total of 90 ART-na\uefve HIV infected patients completed
the DT and its problem check list, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale
(HADS), Oslo Social Support Scale and the 14-item Resilience Scale.
Results: The DT was positively correlated with all the measures of
distress and reversely correlated with all the positive wellness in
this study. The correlations were only significant for the negative
measures of psychological wellness. The internal consistency of the
DT\u2019s problem list overall and sub-categories were within
acceptable range (i.e. \u3b1 > 0.50). The Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curves (AUC) analysis
were significant and found the DT and Problem List to respectively
differentiate between cases of distress, anxiety and depression. The
DT\u2019s cut-off was >5.0 with AUC range (0.754 \u2013 0.709);
sensitivity range (81.0% \u2013 70.4%); specificity range (68.3%
\u2013 65.2%) for distress, anxiety and depression as determined by
HADS. And the Problem List cut-off was >6.0 with AUC range (0.854
\u2013 0.821); sensitivity range (90.5% - 85.7%); specificity range
(68.3% - 65.2%) for distress, anxiety and depression as measured by
HADS. Conclusion: The DT and Problem List were found to be valid
measures of distress in ART-na\uefve HIV infected patients
ACHIEVE conference proceedings: implementing action plans to reduce and control hypertension burden in Africa
Get PDFThe prevalence of hypertension, the commonest risk factor for preventable disability and premature deaths, is rapidly increasing in Africa. The African Control of Hypertension through Innovative Epidemiology, and a Vibrant Ecosystem [ACHIEVE] conference was convened to discuss and initiate the co-implementation of the strategic solutions to tame this burden toward achieving a target of 80% for awareness, treatment, and control by the year 2030. Experts, including the academia, policymakers, patients, the WHO, and representatives of various hypertension and cardiology societies generated a 12-item communique for implementation by the stakeholders of the ACHIEVE ecosystem at the continental, national, sub-national, and local (primary) healthcare levels
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