1,721,296 research outputs found
Konsistente Neurodegeneration und funktionelle Veränderungen in neuronalen Emotions- und Ruhenetzwerken bei der Chorea Huntigton : ein multimodaler MRT Ansatz ;[kumulative Dissertation]
No full textPhenotypic spectrum of PINK1-associated parkinsonism in 15 mutation carriers from 1 family
No full textThe phenotypic spectrum of PINK1-associated Parkinsonism was studied in a family with homozygous (n = 4) or heterozygous (n = 3) PINK1 mutations. All homozygous mutation carriers were definitely affected; the heterozygous carriers were asymptomatic but displayed unequivocal signs of probable or possible Parkinsonism. This finding suggests a role not only of homozygous but also of heterozygous PINK1 mutations in the development of parkinsonian signs and underlines the necessity to carefully investigate family members of affected mutation carriers. (C) 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Konsistente Neurodegeneration und funktionelle Veränderungen in neuronalen Emotions- und Ruhenetzwerken bei der Chorea Huntigton : ein multimodaler MRT Ansatz ;[kumulative Dissertation]
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Identifikation kognitiver Veränderungen : Überwindung von Übungseffekten, Prüfung der Änderungssensitivität und Bestimmung intraindividueller Schwankungen
No full textThe influence of disease-modifying therapy on hidden disability burden in people with newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
No full textIn addition to motor disability, "hidden disability" such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment and pain is a major complaint of people with multiple sclerosis. We explored changes in hidden disability burden in the early post-diagnostic period and examined the hypothesis that disease modifying therapies have a beneficial effect on hidden disability burden. Adults with recently diagnosed (< 6 months) relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (n=440, mean age 37.4± 10.4, 75% female), from a national multicentre cohort study (FutureMS) underwent testing with clinical and neuropsychological instruments as well as brain MRI at baseline and after 12-months. Disease modifying therapies were only started after baseline assessment and were classified into injectables (n=70, interferons, glatiramer acetate), other DMTs (n=215) and no DMT (n=117, reference). Sensitivity analyses were undertaken using alternative classifications (disease modifying therapy vs none and a 3-category system). We performed latent transition analysis with hidden disability burden as the latent variable including propensity score weights. We identified three classes with low (58%), moderate (25%) and high (17%) hidden disability burden. 70% did not transition ("unchanged", reference), 26% transitioned into a lower burden class ("improvement") and 4% transitioned into a higher burden class ("worsening"). Median treatment duration was 11 months (IQR 9-12). Injectables [OR 1.3 (95%CIs 0.7, 2.3); P=0.4] and other DMTs [OR 1.4 (95%CIs 0.9, 2.1); P=0.2] were not associated with significant change in hidden disability burden in either direction ("improvement" or "worsening"). In the alternative 3-category classification, category 2 treatment (fingolimod, cladribine, n=22) was associated with improvement [OR 4.3 (2.6, 7.0); P<0.001]. Hidden disability was present in most newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis. The majority remained unchanged and approximately a quarter improved over the immediate post-diagnostic period. Disease modifying therapy-treatment had no significant influence on hidden disability burden in the study period of one year following diagnosis. The trend towards favourable outcomes with fingolimod and cladribine should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Our exploratory data are observational, with scope for attendant biases, but highlight the need for further study including longer-term evaluation as well as randomised trials for non-motor disability
Substance use for neuroenhancement or coping with stress : an epidemiological study on university students and clients of a University counseling service in Germany
No full textIntroduction Pharmacological neuroenhancement [NE] describes the use of substances to enhance mental performance by healthy individuals. Epidemiological studies showed that especially caffeine was used frequently for NE while other substances (like stimulants) were used only by a minority of students. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of substance use in a student population and in a population of students coming to a psychological counseling center to identify sociodemographic and psychological factors related to substance use in general and substance use for NE in particular. Methods An anonymous paper-and-pencil-questionnaire was distributed in university courses at a large university in Germany and at one of the University’s counseling centers. The questionnaire included a variety of substances and asked about lifetime prevalence of non-medical use in general, frequency of use and ratio of use in the academic setting. Means and frequencies were calculated separately for the student population and the clients of the counseling center. Differences between students and clients, genders and faculties were analyzed as well as consumption patterns. Significance levels for all calculations were fixed to α = 0.05.Results The following percentages were found for the prevalence of NE (use for any purpose in brackets): coffee 51.6 % (81.4 %); energy drinks 34.2 % (73.6 %); caffeine pills 7.8 % (11.1 %); valerian 7.7 % (13.9 %); amphetamines 0.6 % (2.4 %); methylphenidate 0.6 % (1 %) and modafinil 0.2 % (0.3 %). Use of a substance for NE was in many cases correlated with a higher frequency of use for that particular substance. More females took valerian and they drank coffee more frequently. Males drank more alcohol and energy drinks and took illegal drugs more frequently. 13.5 % of all students had a positive screening on depression and 8 % for generalized anxiety disorder. Depression, anxiety and stress due to studies were correlated to consuming various substances more frequently or more often for NE. Depression, stress and anxiety disorders were more frequent in clients of the counseling center. Lifetime prevalence, prevalence of use for NE for coffee, caffeine pills, valerian, sedatives and antidepressants were also higher in clients.DiscussionCompared to other studies on German university students, this study found comparable or somewhat lower prevalence rates of stimulant use for NE. This might result from a different questioning technique and/ or the fact that most students used the substances for other purposes and only rarely for NE. The use of many substances (including illegal or prescription drugs) was higher in the counseling clients of the counseling center and in depressed or anxious students. The frequency of use was higher if a substance was used for NE. This may indicate an elevated risk of abuse or dependency. This fact should be critically discussed and should be taken into account by counselors and supervisors working with students with personal problems or problems with their studies
Dissociation of explicit and implicit measures of the behavioral inhibition and activation system in borderline personality disorder
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