2,134 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-ccx-10.1177_10732748221084932 – Supplemental Material for Prostate Cancer Screening, Diagnostic, Treatment Procedures and Costs in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Situational Analysis
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ccx-10.1177_10732748221084932 for Prostate Cancer Screening, Diagnostic, Treatment Procedures and Costs in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Situational Analysis by Louise K. Makau-Barasa, Achille Manirakiza, Andre L. Carvalho and Timothy R. Rebbeck in Cancer Control</p
sj-pdf-2-ccx-10.1177_10732748221084932 – Supplemental Material for Prostate Cancer Screening, Diagnostic, Treatment Procedures and Costs in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Situational Analysis
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-ccx-10.1177_10732748221084932 for Prostate Cancer Screening, Diagnostic, Treatment Procedures and Costs in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Situational Analysis by Louise K. Makau-Barasa, Achille Manirakiza, Andre L. Carvalho and Timothy R. Rebbeck in Cancer Control</p
Cancer prevention for global health: A report from the ASPO international cancer prevention interest group
No full textAs cancer incidence and mortality rates increase in low- and middle-income countries, the need for cancer prevention and control research directed to these countries becomes increasingly important. The American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) is a community of professionals in cancer prevention and control whose mission is to "foster the continuing development of investigators and the exchange and translation of scientific information to reduce the cancer burden." In the session presented at the ASPO 36th Annual Meeting in Washington, DC in March 2012, chaired by Drs. Frank Meyskens and Dejana Braithwaite, Dr. Paolo Boffetta discussed some of the achievements in global cancer prevention and suggested that future efforts focus on three major causes of cancer: tobacco-use, infections, and overweight/obesity. Dr. Timothy Rebbeck presented an overview of prostate cancer research in sub-Saharan Africa and highlighted how the complex nature of prostate cancer etiology and outcomes can be addressed through capacity-building research partnerships. Cancer is an emerging public health challenge in developing countries because of the aging and expansion of the population and increased prevalence of cancer risk factors such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and reproductive factors. There are opportunities to reduce the growing cancer burden through the development of research capacity and the application of resource-appropriate interventions. ©2012 AACR
Abstract IA31: Precision prevention: Leveraging genomics to improve cancer control
No full textAbstract
Most tumors are incurable once they reach an advanced (e.g., metastatic) stage. Even for those cancers with effective treatment options, prevention has the greatest potential to reduce the burden of cancer in the general population. Prevention has great potential to reduce the burden of cancer before it can cause illness and death. However, not all individuals respond to prevention strategies in the same way: an individual's unique genetic makeup and unique set of biological events that lead to cancer mean that each individual may require a personalized approach to prevention. Precision prevention can be defined as the use of biological, behavioral, socioeconomic, and epidemiological data to devise and implement strategies tailored to reducing cancer incidence and mortality in a specific individual or group of individuals.
In order to develop a precision prevention approach, it is critical that we understand: 1) basic biology of early carcinogenesis (e.g., genomic susceptibility, drivers of cancer, timing of carcinogenic events, reversibility of biological events); 2) heterogeneity (e.g., Inter-individual differences in susceptibility and tumor phenotype, intra-tumor differences in terms of clonality and propensity to metastasize, and response to preventive interventions); 3) unintended Effects of preventive strategies; and 4) implementation and health economics of preventive interventions.
The principles of precision prevention strategies include a focus on those individuals who are at highest risk of suffering or death from cancer (e.g., genetically high-risk individuals and individuals with pre-neoplasia), focus on interventions that are motivated by fundamental biological knowledge, have a favorable cost-benefit ratio, and benefit all populations, including underserved and minority groups.
In order for precision prevention to be successful, research is required to generate fundamental knowledge about cancer etiology and mechanism through scientific discovery; develop novel prevention strategies based on these fundamental discoveries; improve existing prevention strategies by incorporating biological information, biomarkers, risk profiling, and molecular subtyping to optimize prevention efficacy; and understand and implement cost-effective prevention strategies in targeted populations who are most likely to benefit.
Citation Format: Timothy R. Rebbeck. Precision prevention: Leveraging genomics to improve cancer control [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA31.</jats:p
Biosampling and biobanking (Chapter7)
No full textThis handbook is the first of its kind to address the unique needs and opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa for cancer researchers. By covering the topics fundamental to all cancer research, but from an African perspective, the handbook serves as a tool for investigators at all levels and from many backgrounds to raise the level of cancer research being undertaken in Africa. It is meant to serve as a guide for those who want to develop or expand careers in research in Africa. This handbook may also be of use to those who are in a position to foster research in Africa, including non-African scientists, governmental and nongovernmental agencies and advocacy groups
Recommended from our members
Cancer prevention for global health: a report from the ASPO International Cancer Prevention Interest Group.
No full textAs cancer incidence and mortality rates increase in low- and middle-income countries, the need for cancer prevention and control research directed to these countries becomes increasingly important. The American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) is a community of professionals in cancer prevention and control whose mission is to "foster the continuing development of investigators and the exchange and translation of scientific information to reduce the cancer burden." In the session presented at the ASPO 36th Annual Meeting in Washington, DC in March 2012, chaired by Drs. Frank Meyskens and Dejana Braithwaite, Dr. Paolo Boffetta discussed some of the achievements in global cancer prevention and suggested that future efforts focus on three major causes of cancer: tobacco-use, infections, and overweight/obesity. Dr. Timothy Rebbeck presented an overview of prostate cancer research in sub-Saharan Africa and highlighted how the complex nature of prostate cancer etiology and outcomes can be addressed through capacity-building research partnerships. Cancer is an emerging public health challenge in developing countries because of the aging and expansion of the population and increased prevalence of cancer risk factors such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and reproductive factors. There are opportunities to reduce the growing cancer burden through the development of research capacity and the application of resource-appropriate interventions
Our Savior and King: Theology proper in 1 Timothy
No full textIn this dissertation the author seeks to present a holistic theology proper (hereafter, simply "theology") for the first epistle to Timothy, with special regard to the letter's doxologies (King) and divine title, Savior. Chapter 1 identifies the problem, includes a history of research, and describes the method and procedure of the dissertation. The method of inquiry consists of determining the meaning and function of the letter's theology. Thus, the author seeks to understand the background and character of 1 Timothy's theology, while also wishing to discern why the author of 1 Timothy chose to emphasize these peculiar theological themes.
Chapter 2 explores the meaning and function of the theological descriptions found in the doxologies of 1 Timothy 1:17 and 6:15-16. By thorough comparison to Greco-Roman, early Jewish, and OT literature, the author suggests a basically OT-informed view of God. The doxologies depict God as the only Sovereign who rules over all. The writer then determines that the doxologies function as a support and encouragement for Timothy to heed Paul's charge. This conclusion is largely based on the positioning of the doxologies and the macrostructure of the letter.
Chapter 3 examines the meaning and function of the divine epithet Savior. After comparing this term to its occurrences in Greco-Roman, early Jewish, and OT literature, the author again favors an OT background for Savior. This term depicts God as one who mercifully and indiscriminately reconciles sinners who trust in Christ. While also recognizing other functions, the author suggests that God as Savior may have been aimed at the primary implied reader, Timothy, as well. Accordingly, the idea of Savior informs and strengthens Timothy, so that he might continue to labor in presenting the life-giving gospel of God.
Chapter 4 considers every remaining theological description in 1 Timothy, as well as themes that significantly relate to the letter's theology, such as Christology. The author suggests that the entire theology of 1 Timothy either coheres with or supports the predominant ideas of God as King and Savior.
Chapter 5 summarizes the dissertation's findings and concludes with suggested implications for NT studies
Polymorphism in the GALNT1 gene and epithelial ovarian cancer in non-hispanic white women: The Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
No full textAberrant glycosylation is a well-described hallmark of cancer. In a previous ovarian cancer case control study that examined polymorphisms in 26 glycosylation-associated genes, we found strong statistical evidence (P = 0.00017) that women who inherited two copies of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GALNT1, had decreased ovarian cancer risk. The current study attempted to replicate this observation. The GALNT1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17647532 was genotyped in 6,965 cases and 8,377 controls from 14 studies forming the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. The fixed effects estimate per rs17647532 allele was null (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.07). When a recessive model was fit, the results were unchanged. Test for hetero geneity of the odds ratios revealed consistency across the 14 replication sites but significant differences compared with the original study population (P = 0.03). This study underscores the need for replication of putative findings in genetic association studies
Associations between silicone skin cast score, cumulative sun exposure, and other factors in the Ausimmune Study: A Multicenter Australian Study
No full textPast sun exposure is linked to a wide range of disease outcomes but is difficult to measure accurately. Silicone skin casts measure skin damage, but some studies show that age rather than sun exposure is the most important determinant of cast score. We examined skin damage scores from silicone casts of the back of the hand in a large adult sample (n = 534) with a broad range of past cumulative UV radiation (UVR) doses. Participants were ages 18 to 61 years and resided in one of four locations down the eastern Australian seaboard, spanning 27-43°S. Data were collected by questionnaire and during a nurse-led interview and examination. Silicone casts were graded from 1 to 6, where higher score represents greater damage. Higher skin damage score was associated with lighter skin pigmentation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 4.51; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.33-8.75], fairer natural hair color, particularly red hair (AOR, 11.31; 95% CI, 4.08-31.36), and blue/gray eyes (AOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.14-2.59). Higher cumulative UVR dose, particularly before age 18 years, was associated with higher skin damage score (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.15-2.67 per 1,000 KJ/m2), as was number of sunburns, even after adjustment for cumulative UVR dose (AOR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.50-5.43 for >10 sunburns ever compared with no sunburns ever). Silicone casts of the dorsum of the hand provide a measure of cumulative UVR dose and number of sunburns over the lifetime, which persists after adjustment for chronological age. They can be used as an objective measure of cumulative past sun exposure in epidemiologic studies, but other determinants of skin damage, such as skin pigmentation, should be concurrently evaluated. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2887–94
A web-based screening tool for near-port air quality assessments
No full textAuthor(s): Isakov, Vlad; Barzyk, Timothy M; Smith, Elizabeth R; Arunachalam, Saravanan; Naess, Brian; Venkatram, Akul
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