3,302 research outputs found
Aspects of the circulation in the Rockall Trough
No full textAn investigation is made of the circulation and structure of the water masses in the Rockall Trough in spring, combining the results of a recent synoptic survey (May 1998) with those from a high-resolution ocean circulation model. In the near-surface layer, saline flows are carried northwards by a "Shelf Edge Current" around the eastern slopes, possibly with some branching in the northern Trough. Fresher waters from the west inflow between 52 and 538N and partially mix with these saline flows in the southern Trough, so that waters of intermediate salinity are also swept northwards. In the southern approaches to the Trough, Labrador Sea Water (LSW) also flows strongly in from the west between 52 and 538N, and while much of this turns south, a proportion penetrates north to join a cyclonic gyre in the Trough extending to 56.58N. The northwestern limb of this gyre is fed by, and mixes with, more saline waters which result from overflows across the Wyville–Thomson Ridge. Furthermore, salinity and CFC data suggest episodic inflow of LSW into the central Trough. The circulation of the North East Atlantic Deep Water in the Trough follows a cyclonic pattern similar to, and lying below, that of the LSW. The Wyville–Thomson Ridge overflows in the model extend to higher densities than in the survey, are topographically steered southwestward down the Feni Ridge system, and eventually join a deep cyclonic circulation in the North East Atlantic basin. Overall, the model and the observations are in good agreement, particularly in the central Rockall Trough, and this has allowed conclusions to be drawn which are significantly more robust than those which would result from either the survey or the model alone. In particular, we have been able to infer cyclonic circulation pathways for the intermediate and deeper waters in the Rockall Trough for (we believe) the first time. The study has also contributed to an ongoing community effort to assess the realism of, and improve, our current generation of ocean circulation models
Recommended from our members
Letter from A.L. Monmerqué de Courmont.
No full textLetter from A.L. Monmerqué de Courmont, possibly Adélaïde Louise de Monmerqué (1767-1835) who had been married to Louis Marie Le Bas de Courmont (1741-1794), dated 10 pluvoise. It is not addressed but was presumably sent to Philippe-Antoine Merlin, as it comprises the verso of one of his requisitions from 1802. In this letter the author requests a day and an hour when she (or he) might meet with the recipient
Radiation hard 3D silicon pixel sensors for use in the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC
No full textThe High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade requires the
planned Inner Tracker (ITk) of the ATLAS detector to tolerate
extremely high radiation doses. Specifically, the innermost parts of
the pixel system will have to withstand radiation fluences above
1 × 1016 neqcm-2. Novel 3D silicon pixel
sensors offer a superior radiation tolerance compared to
conventional planar pixel sensors, and are thus excellent candidates
for the innermost parts of the ITk. This paper presents studies of
3D pixel sensors with pixel size 50 × 50 μm2 mounted
on the RD53A prototype readout chip. Following a description of the
design and fabrication steps, Test Beam results are presented for
unirradiated as well as heavily irradiated sensors. For particles
passing at perpendicular incidence, it is shown that average
efficiencies above 96% are reached for sensors exposed to fluences
of 1 × 1016 neqcm-2 when biased to 80 V
Efficacy and Safety of the Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) Technique in Spine Surgery: Meta-Analysis of 1409 Patients
No full textG.M. is the corresponding author for this article. Contributor roles: concep-
tualization: P.P., I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.; methodology: P.P., I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.;
software: P.P., I.P. and G.M.; validation: P.P., I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.; formal analysis: P.P.,
I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.; investigation: P.P., I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.; data curation P.P.,
I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L. supervision: P.P.; visualization: P.P., I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.;
writing original draft: P.P., I.P., A.P., J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.; writing—review and editing: P.P., I.P., A.P.,
J.C.G., G.M. and A.L.; project administration: P.P. and G.M. All authors have read and agreed to the
published version of the manuscript.The objective of this study was to quantify the exact clinical-radiological
efficacy and safety of the extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) technique in spinal surgery.Medicin
Trade Dispute Settlement Mechanisms : The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding in the Wake of The GATT
No full textA critical feature of the GATT Uruguay Round negotiations was the establishment of a new and more effective system of dealing with international trade disputes, known as the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). The original GATT dispute settlement system comprised rudimentary remnants of a more thorough framework contained in the defunct Havana Charter of the International Trade Organization (ITO). By the time of the start of the Uruguay Round negotiations in Punta del Este in 1986, the effectiveness and credibility of the GATT dispute settlement system was being very seriously questioned. The primary reason for the increasing lack of confidence in the system was the propensity of GATT contracting countries to ignore the findings of Panels, resulting in a stalemate in a number of high profile trade disputes. Several trade disputes between the EU and the United States discussed were initiated under the GATT dispute settlement system but remained unresolved. These disputes became increasingly acrimonious as a direct consequence of the failure of the GATT system to enforce a satisfactory resolution. This paper provides an outline of the workings of the GATT and WTO dispute settlement systems underlie several recent trade disputes. The first two sections deal with the GATT system of settling trade disputes. The first details the key elements of the GATT dispute settlement system while the second considers its performance in resolving disputes. Section 3 outlines the origins of the WTO DSU and summarises its principal Articles. The WTO DSU is appraised on the basis of its first nine years of operation in Section 4 followed by a brief discussion of the key issues that have arisen from its operation. The final Section makes some concluding comments on the relative efficacy of the GATT and WTO dispute settlement systems
Bacterial meningitis in Malawian adults: pneumococcal disease is common, severe, and seasonal
No full textWe prospectively collected laboratory details and outcome data on all patients with laboratory-confirmed cases of meningitis that presented to our unit in Blantyre, Malawi, from 1 April 1998 through 31 March 1999. There were 502 patients with cases of meningitis; the most common causative organisms were Cryptococcus neoformans and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This pattern probably reflects the local human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence (31%) and is different from the pattern in 1974, when Neisseria meningitidis was the most common isolate. There has been an 8-fold increase in the number of meningitis cases per year since 1974, and a doubling of the percentage of medical admissions due to meningitis. The inpatient mortality rate among patients with cases of pneumococcal meningitis was 61%, and in the group as a whole was 41%. Despite the HIV-related pattern of infecting pathogens among these cases of meningitis and the increased incidence of the condition, there was evidence that the typical seasonal pattern of pneumococcal meningitis, which peaks in the cold, dry season, was preserved.</p
Urbano e rurale. Dominanti tematiche
No full textIl saggio, di apertura alla ricerca Campagne urbane. Paesaggi in trasformazione nell'area romana, indaga la condizione di campagna urbana nel territorio di Roma e dei comuni contermini le cui sorti appaiono fortemente determinate dalla presenza della metropoli.
La ricerca, che si è avvalsa di contributi di differenti ambiti disciplinari, ripercorre per periodizzazioni, dominanti tematiche ed episodi significativi le fasi della progressiva smaterializzazione del margine tra città e campagna, anche con l’impiego di strumenti analitici che fanno uso di immagini satellitari a media risoluzione, del tutto inediti nell’area romana. Sono inoltre evidenziati, con riferimento a casi di studio rilevanti, i meccanismi di inglobamento e cancellazione dei pattern rurali, e segnalate varie forme di discontinuità urbana, in una lettura per “generazioni” delle dinamiche di espansione, entro e tra le maglie del costruito, che invita a riformulare l’opposizione chiuso-aperto nei termini di compatto-disperso.
Questo saggio si è in particolare cimentato con le diverse percezioni del territorio aperto nell’arco del secolo appena trascorso, soffermandosi su alcuni passaggi dell’evoluzione urbana e sulle retoriche che di volta in volta ne hanno sostenuto principi e modelli insediativi.
L’excursus storico evidenzia il progressivo incrinarsi delle prospettive istituzionali e disciplinari di un univoco limite tra città e campagna affidato a una possente cerchiatura infrastrutturale, limite peraltro negato ab origine da dispositivi di regolazione degli incrementi edilizi fuori piano a vario titolo emanati.
La prospettiva da cui indagare la campagna urbana viene successivamente ricondotta ai riferimenti istituzionali e ai dispositivi tecnico-disciplinari che fanno da sfondo ad esperienze mature di trattamento del territorio aperto, comunali e di area vasta, che pongono in chiave problematica la risignificazione dello spazio periurbano e ed extraurbano di fronte a diversificate domande di paesaggio.
Infine, con riferimento alle politiche e pratiche in corso, si tenta di riposizionare i principali interrogativi legati ai temi della sostenibilità. L’economia dell’Agro deve dimostrare una capacità competitiva con altre destinazioni dei suoli e con le rendite di attesa generate dalla macchina urbana che pongono a dura prova le forme tradizionali di regolamentazione. Si tratta di far sì che lo spazio agricolo e forestale, da sempre trascurato nelle politiche pubbliche, entri realmente nella categoria delle “infrastrutture pubbliche di natura”.
Tali differenti implicazioni trovano in luoghi emblematici dell’area romana un’eco particolare: qui le interferenze tra diversi “progetti di territorio”, siano essi impliciti o espliciti, hanno conseguenze spesso imponenti sul sistema insediativo e ambientale, e in definitiva sul paesaggio.
Si intende dimostrare che attraverso il filtro del paesaggio, nelle dimensioni del piano, del progetto, della regolazione, la condizione di “campagna urbana” riserva spazi di manovra di grande innovatività.This essay basically aims at focusing on themes and subjects concerning the roman area deepened in the book Campagne urbane. Paesaggi in trasformazione nell’area romana (ed. A.L. Palazzo, Gangemi, Roma, 2005).
The research, stemming from the collaboration between different disciplines, tackles the City of Rome and its outskirts, stressing its transformations for over a century (from 1870 onwards).
Within the Roman metropolitan area, the logic of development - the point of view of the city - has generally prevailed, providing standardized interpretations of the sprawl, in continuity or discontinuity to urban areas.
Urban development is here considered under a neglected point of view, that of the “countryside”, tied with the destiny of the city under conditions of absolute dependence (with rural areas being seen as sacrifice areas devoted to urban uses).
Empirical evidence shows that these transformations can less and less be read as transitions from low-density towards an overall urban condition.
"Urban countryside" are at high risk: risk of obsolescence of settlement patterns hardly amendable, and definitely less sound than the compact city
S.L.I.M., a small linear interdependent model of eight EU-member states, the USA and Japan
No full textInternational Economics;EU
A Review of Some Updates in the 13th Edition of “Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics” (Authors: Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman; contributing author, A. Lewis Ford; 2012)
No full textYoung, H.D.; and Freedman, R.A.; Ford, A.L. (contributing author). 2012. Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th ed.Pearson Education, Inc., Addison-Wesley, San Francisco, CA, USA
Predictive Factors of Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review
No full textConceptualization: A.L., L.P., P.P., M.B., J.E.d.l.R.O., C.B., G.M. and R.L.;
methodology: A.L., L.P., P.P., M.B., J.E.d.l.R.O., C.B., G.M. and R.L.; software: A.L. and G.M.; valida-
tion: A.L., L.P., P.P., G.M. and R.L.; formal analysis: A.L., L.P., P.P., G.M. and R.L.; investigation: A.L.,
L.P., P.P., M.B., J.E.d.l.R.O., C.B., G.M. and R.L.; data curation: A.L., L.P., P.P., G.M. and R.L.; supervi-
sion: R.L.; visualization: A A.L., L.P., P.P., M.B., J.E.d.l.R.O., C.B., G.M. and R.L.; writing—original
draft: A.L., L.P., P.P., M.B., J.E.d.l.R.O., C.B., G.M. and R.L.; writing—review and editing: A.L., L.P.,
P.P., M.B., J.E.d.l.R.O., C.B., G.M. and R.L.; project administration: A.L. and R.L. All authors have
read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Evaluating the predictors of unfavorable outcomes in patients with ankle
fractures is crucial for identifying high-risk patients and implementing personalized treatment
strategies. This study aimed to analyze factors that influence quality of life in patients with ankle
fractures.Medicin
- …
