118 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jop-10.1177_02698811231222355 – Supplemental material for Amphetamine use disorder is associated with striatum hypoactivation during anticipation of loss and reward
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jop-10.1177_02698811231222355 for Amphetamine use disorder is associated with striatum hypoactivation during anticipation of loss and reward by April C May, Kaiping Burrows, Rayus Kuplicki, Martin P Paulus and Jennifer L Stewart in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data for the association between polygenic risk scores for neuroticism and reward-punishment processing
No full textNeuroticism as a personality trait represents a heritable risk for psychiatric disorders. The polygenic risk score for neuroticism (N-PRS) is used to study genetic vulnerability to neuroticism. The current data present the association of the genetic risk for neuroticism to neural reward-punishment processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging. N-PRS was computed based on the individual's genotype information and a genome-wide association study on the UK Biobank data. While individuals performed a monetary incentive delay task, their neural activations for upcoming incentives (reward: gain, punishment: loss) were measured in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals during the delay phase. Multivariate ANCOVAs were used to analyze BOLD signals for finding the association between N-PRS and reward-punishment processing by the incentive valence (Related research article: H. Park, K.L. Forthman, R. Kuplicki, T.A. Victor, Tulsa 1000 Investigators, H.W. Yeh, W.K. Thompson, M.P. Paulus, Polygenic risk for neuroticism modulates response to gains and losses in the amygdala and caudate: evidence from a clinical cohort. J. Affect. Disord. 293 (2021) 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.016). These data can be used as reference data for future studies examining the role of the genetic propensity for personality traits in the context of psychiatric disorders
It is never as good the second time around: Brain areas involved in salience processing habituate during repeated drug cue exposure in treatment engaged abstinent methamphetamine and opioid users
No full textThe brain response to drug-related cues is an important marker in addiction-medicine. However, the temporal dynamics of this response in repeated exposure to cues are not well known. In an fMRI drug cue-reactivity task, the presence of rapid habituation or sensitization was investigated by modeling time and its interaction with condition (drug>neutral) using an initial discovery-sample. Replication of this temporal response was tested in two other clinical populations all abstinent during their early recovery (treatment). Sixty-five male participants (35.8 ± 8.4 years-old) with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) were recruited as the discovery-sample from an abstinence-based residential treatment program. A linear mixed effects model was used to identify areas with a time-by-condition interaction in the discovery-sample. Replication of these effects was tested in two other samples (29 female with MUD from a different residential program and 22 male with opioid use disorder from the same residential program as the discovery sample). The second replication sample was re-tested within two weeks. In the discovery-sample, clusters within the VMPFC, amygdala and ventral striatum showed both a main effect of condition and a condition-by-time interaction, indicating a habituating response to drug-related but not neutral cues. The estimates for the main effects and interactions were generally consistent between the discovery and replication-samples across all clusters. The re-test data showed a consistent lack of drug > neutral and habituation response within all selected clusters in the second cue-exposure session. The VMPFC, amygdala and ventral striatum show habituation in response to drug-related cues which is consistent among different clinical populations. This habituated response in the first session of cue-exposure and lack of reactivity in the second session of exposure may be important for informing the development of cue-desensitization interventions
Confirmatory analyses testing differences in learning rates and action precision in substance use disorders
No full textIn a previous study (Smith et al., 2020), we examined decision-making behavior in individuals with substance use disorders and in healthy participants using computational modelling. Relative to healthy participants, analyses revealed lower action precision and slower learning rates in response to negative outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders. In this study, we aim to replicate these results in a new sample
Latent variables for region of interest activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task
No full textBackground: The Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MID) has been used extensively to probe anticipatory reward processes. However, individual differences evident during this task may relate to other constructs such as general arousal or valence processing (i.e., anticipation of negative versus positive outcomes). This investigation used a latent variable approach to parse activation patterns during the MID within a transdiagnostic clinical sample.
Methods: Participants were drawn from the first 500 individuals recruited for the Tulsa-1000 (T1000), a naturalistic longitudinal study of 1000 participants aged 18-55 (n = 476 with MID data). We employed a multiview latent analysis method, group factor analysis, to characterize factors within and across variable sets consisting of: (1) region of interest (ROI)-based blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrasts during reward and loss anticipation; and (2) self-report measures of positive and negative valence and related constructs.
Results: Three factors comprised of ROI indicators emerged to accounted for >43% of variance and loaded on variables representing: (1) general arousal or general activation; (2) valence, with dissociable responses to anticipation of win versus loss; and (3) region-specific activation, with dissociable activation in salience versus perceptual brain networks. Two additional factors were comprised of self-report variables, which appeared to represent arousal and valence.
Conclusions: Results indicate that multiview techniques to identify latent variables offer a novel approach for differentiating brain activation patterns during task engagement. Such approaches may offer insight into neural processing patterns through dimension reduction, be useful for probing individual differences, and aid in the development of optimal explanatory or predictive frameworks
GPR with Rational-Quadratic kernel on original datasets.
No full textScales of Y-axis for variance plots are different.</p
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