182,211 research outputs found
Lack of semantic parafoveal preview benefit in reading revisited
No full textIn contrast to earlier research, evidence for semantic preview benefit in reading has been reported by Hohenstein and Kliegl (Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 166–190, 2013) in an alphabetic writing system; they also implied that prior demonstrations of lack of a semantic preview benefit needed to be reexamined. In the present article, we report a rather direct replication of an experiment reported by Rayner, Balota, and Pollatsek (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986). Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, subjects read sentences that contained a target word (razor), but different preview words were initially presented in the sentence. The preview was identical to the target word (i.e., razor), semantically related to the target word (i.e., blade), semantically unrelated to the target word (i.e., sweet), or a visually similar nonword (i.e., razar). When the reader’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary location just to the left of the target word location, the preview changed to the target word. Like Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), we found that fixations on the target word were significantly shorter in the identical condition than in the unrelated condition, which did not differ from the semantically related condition; when an orthographically similar preview had been initially present in the sentence, fixations were shorter than when a semantically unrelated preview had been present. Thus, the present experiment replicates the earlier data reported by Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), indicating evidence for an orthographic preview benefit but a lack of semantic preview benefit in reading English
The Southern Cross [music] : ballad /
No full text5th ed. Cover title.; For voice and piano.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an5600836; MUS: N, - ; A, M 74318
J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again
No full textEslami M. J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 9, n°34, 1968. p. 498
The effect of high- and low-frequency previews and sentential fit on word skipping during reading
No full textIn a previous gaze-contingent boundary experiment, Angele and Rayner (2013) found that readers are likely to skip a word that appears to be the definite article the even when syntactic constraints do not allow for articles to occur in that position. In the present study, we investigated whether the word frequency of the preview of a 3-letter target word influences a reader’s decision to fixate or skip that word. We found that the word frequency rather than the felicitousness (syntactic fit) of the preview affected how often the upcoming word was skipped. These results indicate that visual information about the upcoming word trumps information from the sentence context when it comes to making a skipping decision. Skipping parafoveal instances of the therefore may simply be an extreme case of skipping high-frequency words
J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again
No full textEslami M. J. M. D. Little et A. C. Rayner, Higgledy Piggledy growth again. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 9, n°34, 1968. p. 498
Verdazyl radicals as mediators in living radical polymerisation and dopamine end-functionalised polymers for application as friction modifiers
No full textVerdazyl Radicals as Mediators in Living Radical Polymerisation:
The aim of this work was to investigate verdazyl radicals as an alternative to
nitroxides as mediators in stable free radical polymerisation. Verdazyl radicals and
their unimolecular initiators were synthesised and utilised in the polymerisation of
styrene and n-butyl acrylate. Varying degrees of success was observed in the
polymerisations depending on the structure of the verdazyl radical. The
polymerisation of methyl methacrylate and the copolymerisation of styrene and
methyl methacrylate were also investigated. Correlations between observed
molecular weight and theoretical molecular weight were poor but may be improved
by optimisation of the reaction conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance was
used to elucidate the radical structure as well as to confirm the living nature of the
polymerisation technique. Electron paramagnetic resonance was also utilised to
provide an insight into radical stability and reactivity in the various reactions
undertaken.
Dopamine End-Functionalised Polymers for Application as Friction
Modifiers:
The aim of this work was to synthesise oil soluble dopamine end-functionalised
polymers for mechanical testing to determine if the polymers can reduce friction by
film formation at a surface. A dopamine based initiator was synthesised and used in Cu(I) and Cu(0) mediated polymerisations with little success and the dopamine
catecholic end-group could not be identified as the polymer end-group. To enable a
successful living polymerisation, the catechol groups on dopamine required
protection. Complete deprotection of the catechol group can be achieved post
polymerisation. The polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate was achieved using a
polymerisation method designed for the long chain, non-polar molecule which
utilised Cu(I)Cl. The polymerisations were scaled up to obtain a baseline, protected
dopamine and deprotected dopamine polymers for mechanical testing. A reduction
in friction and wear observed for the deprotected dopamine polymer, however,
corrosion was also observed and may have affected the results
Rayner, V M (Vivien May), [No Service Number]
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/412464Surname: RAYNER. Given Name(s) or Initials: V M (VIVIEN MAY). Military Service Number or Last Known Location: [No Registration Number]. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 14878.229174
Item: [2016.0049.44726] "Rayner, V M (Vivien May), [No Service Number]
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
The effects of childhood sexual abuse on adult male attachments in close relationships
No full textOver the past two decades society has become more aware of the prevalence and impact
of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). While society has become more aware of this problem, there
is still much that remains unknown. This is evident especially in regard to the effects of CSA on
adult males. There are several reasons for this; one such reason is that males who come to
therapy are rarely asked about sexual abuse histories. However, the effects of CSA are often
quite severe for males. One area particularly affected is adult close relationships. Attachment
theory offers a way to conceptualize how people interact in close relationships. In this study, the
influence of CSA on adult male relationships was examined. Seven hypotheses examined were
that males who were abused by a male, males who were abused for a longer period of time,
males who were abused at an earlier age, males who perceived little support from their family
with regards to the abuse, males who were abused by a family member, males who were abused
more frequently, and males who were abuse more severely would be more likely to have an
insecure attachment than other males. These CSA characteristics were measured by the
Childhood Sexual Experiences Questionnaire and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ).
Although limitations to this study make it difficult to reject the null hypothesis and to make
statements that these results reflect the population, findings generally confirm the stated
hypotheses
The role of diet in the prevention of diabetes among women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review of intervention and observational studies
No full textBACKGROUND: Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) have an increased lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are no up-to-date systematic reviews analyzing the relationship of diet with risk of developing T2DM following GDM.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence from intervention and observational studies on effects of dietary interventions and associations of dietary intake with T2DM outcomes in women with a GDM history.METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central, Proquest, and Scopus) for articles published until May 2019. This review includes intervention and observational studies among women of any age with a history of GDM that reported on the effects of dietary interventions or association of dietary intake (energy, nutrients, foods, dietary patterns) with T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or prediabetes.RESULTS: The systematic review identified five articles reporting results from four intervention studies, and seven articles reporting results from four observational studies. Findings from intervention studies indicated trends toward beneficial effects of a low-glycemic index diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a diet in line with general population dietary guidelines, but studies had unclear or high risk of bias. Findings from two cross-sectional and one prospective study indicated poorer diabetes outcomes for women with higher intakes of branched-chain amino acids, total and heme iron, and a diet relatively low in carbohydrates and high in animal fat and protein, and better outcomes among those consuming diets rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, fish, and legumes, and low in red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages, after adjustment for confounders, including body mass index.CONCLUSIONS: Findings from observational studies support current dietary guidelines for the prevention of T2DM. Further dietary intervention studies are needed to confirm whether or not dietary modification following a GDM pregnancy reduces women's risk of developing T2DM.</p
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