310,026 research outputs found
Lack of semantic parafoveal preview benefit in reading revisited
No full textIn contrast to earlier research, evidence for semantic preview benefit in reading has been reported by Hohenstein and Kliegl (Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 166–190, 2013) in an alphabetic writing system; they also implied that prior demonstrations of lack of a semantic preview benefit needed to be reexamined. In the present article, we report a rather direct replication of an experiment reported by Rayner, Balota, and Pollatsek (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986). Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, subjects read sentences that contained a target word (razor), but different preview words were initially presented in the sentence. The preview was identical to the target word (i.e., razor), semantically related to the target word (i.e., blade), semantically unrelated to the target word (i.e., sweet), or a visually similar nonword (i.e., razar). When the reader’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary location just to the left of the target word location, the preview changed to the target word. Like Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), we found that fixations on the target word were significantly shorter in the identical condition than in the unrelated condition, which did not differ from the semantically related condition; when an orthographically similar preview had been initially present in the sentence, fixations were shorter than when a semantically unrelated preview had been present. Thus, the present experiment replicates the earlier data reported by Rayner et al. (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 473–483, 1986), indicating evidence for an orthographic preview benefit but a lack of semantic preview benefit in reading English
The effect of high- and low-frequency previews and sentential fit on word skipping during reading
No full textIn a previous gaze-contingent boundary experiment, Angele and Rayner (2013) found that readers are likely to skip a word that appears to be the definite article the even when syntactic constraints do not allow for articles to occur in that position. In the present study, we investigated whether the word frequency of the preview of a 3-letter target word influences a reader’s decision to fixate or skip that word. We found that the word frequency rather than the felicitousness (syntactic fit) of the preview affected how often the upcoming word was skipped. These results indicate that visual information about the upcoming word trumps information from the sentence context when it comes to making a skipping decision. Skipping parafoveal instances of the therefore may simply be an extreme case of skipping high-frequency words
Sobre os rngs de Rayner de séries de potências formais
No full textResumo Rayner rngs are rngs (rings without unity) whose elements are formal power series whose coefficients lie in a rng and the exponents lie in an additive ordered group, such that the supports of these series belong to a predetermined ideal constrained by a set of axioms. The work presents an inspection of the interplay between the algebraic, topological and categorical properties of the Rayner rngs, the rngs of coefficients and the ordered groups of exponents, studying the Rayner rngs under varied theoretical perspectives and seeking universal relations between them. Two key topologies on these structures are systematically analysed, the so-called weak and strong topologies, and a version of the Intermediate Value Theorem is obtained for the weak topology. Special attention is given to rngs of Levi-Civita, Puiseux and Hahn series, which are prominent instances of Rayner rngs.Os rngs de Rayner são rngs (anéis sem unidade) cujos elementos são séries formais de potências cujos coeficientes pertencem a um rng e os expoentes pertencem a um grupo ordenado aditivo tais que os suportes dessas series pertencem a um predeterminado ideal que satisfaz um conjunto de axiomas. O trabalho apresenta uma inspeção das relações diretas entre as propriedades algébricas, topológicas e categóricas dos rngs de Rayner, dos rngs de coeficientes e dos grupos ordenados de expoentes, estudando os rngs de Rayner sob diferentes perspectivas teóricas e buscando relações universais entre eles. Duas topologias essenciais nessas estruturas são sistematicamente analisadas, as topologias forte e fraca, e uma versão do Teorema do Valor Intermediário é obtida para a topologia fraca. Atenção especial é dada aos rngs de séries de Levi-Civita, Puiseux e Hahn, os quais são instâncias proeminentes de rngs de Rayner
Eye movements in reading versus nonreading tasks: Using E-Z Reader to understand the role of word/stimulus familiarity
No full textIn this article, we extend our previous work (Reichle, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 2012) using the principles of the E-Z Reader model to examine the factors that determine when and where the eyes move in both reading and non-reading tasks, and in particular the role that word/stimulus familiarity plays in determining when the eyes move from one word/stimulus to the next. In doing this, we first provide a brief overview of E-Z Reader, including its assumption that word familiarity is the "engine" driving eye movements during reading. We then review the theoretical considerations that motivated this assumption, as well as recent empirical evidence supporting its validity. We also report the results of three new simulations that were intended to demonstrate the utility of the familiarity check in three tasks: (1) reading; (2) searching for a target word in embedded in text; and (3) searching for the letter O in linear arrays of Landolt Cs. The results of these simulations suggest that the familiarity check always improves task efficiency by speeding its rate of performance. We provide several arguments as to why this conclusion is not likely to be true for the two non-reading tasks, and in the final section of the paper, we provide a fourth simulation to test the hypothesis that problems associated with the mis-identification of words may also curtail the too liberal use of word familiarity
Rayner, S E R, QX15168
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/412468Surname: RAYNER. Given Name(s) or Initials: S E R. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: QX15168. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 23832.229178
Item: [2016.0049.44730] "Rayner, S E R, QX15168
Verdazyl radicals as mediators in living radical polymerisation and dopamine end-functionalised polymers for application as friction modifiers
No full textVerdazyl Radicals as Mediators in Living Radical Polymerisation:
The aim of this work was to investigate verdazyl radicals as an alternative to
nitroxides as mediators in stable free radical polymerisation. Verdazyl radicals and
their unimolecular initiators were synthesised and utilised in the polymerisation of
styrene and n-butyl acrylate. Varying degrees of success was observed in the
polymerisations depending on the structure of the verdazyl radical. The
polymerisation of methyl methacrylate and the copolymerisation of styrene and
methyl methacrylate were also investigated. Correlations between observed
molecular weight and theoretical molecular weight were poor but may be improved
by optimisation of the reaction conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance was
used to elucidate the radical structure as well as to confirm the living nature of the
polymerisation technique. Electron paramagnetic resonance was also utilised to
provide an insight into radical stability and reactivity in the various reactions
undertaken.
Dopamine End-Functionalised Polymers for Application as Friction
Modifiers:
The aim of this work was to synthesise oil soluble dopamine end-functionalised
polymers for mechanical testing to determine if the polymers can reduce friction by
film formation at a surface. A dopamine based initiator was synthesised and used in Cu(I) and Cu(0) mediated polymerisations with little success and the dopamine
catecholic end-group could not be identified as the polymer end-group. To enable a
successful living polymerisation, the catechol groups on dopamine required
protection. Complete deprotection of the catechol group can be achieved post
polymerisation. The polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate was achieved using a
polymerisation method designed for the long chain, non-polar molecule which
utilised Cu(I)Cl. The polymerisations were scaled up to obtain a baseline, protected
dopamine and deprotected dopamine polymers for mechanical testing. A reduction
in friction and wear observed for the deprotected dopamine polymer, however,
corrosion was also observed and may have affected the results
Personal Papers (MS 80-0002)
No full textMessage from E. R. Thompson, Jr. to F. H. Rayner discussing the invoices covering cotton purchases in Guatemala
RV Ronald H. Brown Cruise RB0901, 15 Apr-06 May 2009. RAPID Mooring Cruise Report
No full textThis report describes the mooring operations conducted during RV Ronald H. Brown cruiseRB0901 between 15 April and 5 May 2009.These mooring operations were completed as part of the United Kingdom Natural EnvironmentResearch Council (NERC) funded RAPID-WATCH Programme to monitor the AtlanticMeridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5°N. The primary purpose on this cruise for the UKteam was to service the RAPID Western Boundary moorings while the US team worked on theWestern Boundary Time Series project.Cruise RB0901 was from Charleston, South Carolina to Charleston, South Carolina andcovered the Western Boundary moorings deployed on cruises SJ08 and RB0701. This cruisewas the seventh annual refurbishment of the Western Boundary section of an array of mooringsdeployed across the Atlantic in order to continuously observe the Atlantic MeridionalOverturning Circulation (MOC). This array will be further refined and refurbished duringsubsequent years.The instruments deployed on the array consist of a variety of current meters, bottom pressurerecorders, and CTD loggers, which, combined with time series measurements of the FloridaChannel Current and wind stress estimates, will be used to determine the strength and structureof the MOC at 26.5°N.(http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/rapid
Cognitive style and learning in organisations
No full textThe contributors to this volume are: Richard Riding and Stephen Rayner, UK (Editors); Steven Armstrong, UK; Michael Driver, USA; Lynn Curry, Canada
Caos e comunidade: Sonho de uma noite de Verão pelo Teatro Praga e Músicos do Tejo
No full textCrítica de Francesca Rayner ao espectáculo Sonho de uma noite de Verão, da autoria de William Shakespeare, numa encenação e coprodução pelo Teatro Praga e Músicos do Tej
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