1,237 research outputs found
Cranial mechanics and feeding in <i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i>
No full textRayfield, Emily J. (2004): Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271 (1547): 1451-1459, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.275
Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
No full textHead, Jason J., Barrett Fls, Paul M., Rayfield, Emily J. (2009): Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2): 445-457, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00448.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00448.
Data from Grohganz et al: Finite element and microstructural analyses indicate that pteraspid heterostracan oral plate microstructure was adapted to a mechanical function. Palaeontology
No full textData from Madleen Grohganz, Antonio Ballell, Emily J. Rayfield, Humberto G. Ferron, Zerina Johanson and Philip C. J. Donoghue (2024) Finite element and microstructural analyses indicate that pteraspid heterostracan oral plate microstructure was adapted to a mechanical function. Palaeontolog
Figure 1 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
No full textFigure 1. Neurocranium of Varanus prisca (BMNH 39965) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), anterior (C), and left lateral (D) views. Scale bar: 5 cm. Anatomical abbreviations are defined in Appendix 2.Published as part of Head, Jason J., Barrett Fls, Paul M. & Rayfield, Emily J., 2009, Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae), pp. 445-457 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2) on page 448, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00448.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544470
Figure 4 in Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae)
No full textFigure 4. Stereopairs of the otic region of (A) Varanus prisca (BMNH 39965) in left ventrolateral view, (B) Varanus komodoensis (USNM 228163), and (C) Varanus salvator (ROMV-R 1040) in right ventrolateral views. Scale bar: 1 cm. Anatomical abbreviations are defined in Appendix 2.Published as part of Head, Jason J., Barrett Fls, Paul M. & Rayfield, Emily J., 2009, Neurocranial osteology and systematic relationships of Varanus (Megalania) prisca Owen, 1859 (Squamata: Varanidae), pp. 445-457 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2) on page 451, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00448.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544470
Figure 1 in Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex
No full textFigure 1. Tyrannosaurus rex skull and FEM. (a) Skull of BHM 3033, left lateral view; and (b) 2D FE-mesh of BHM 3033 depicting skull as 'fused' without mobile sutures. Grey areas indicate surfaces constrained from moving in all translatory directions, arrows indicate direction of bite force applied to all teeth, either vertical or horizontal 'tearing'. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; en, external naris; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, lower temporal fenestra; m, maxilla, n, nasals; or, orbit; p, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal. Scale bar 10 cm.Published as part of Rayfield, Emily J., 2004, Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex, pp. 1451-1459 in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271 (1547) on page 1452, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2755, http://zenodo.org/record/373673
Figure 3 in Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex
No full textFigure 3. Stress in the fused FE Tyrannosaurus rex skull model generated by vertical biting (left column) or tearing (right column). (a) Principal stress 3 [P3], compressive stress; (b) P1 tensile stress; (c) shear stress; (d) P3 compressive stress; (e) P1 tensile stress; and (f) shear stress. Divergent arrows indicate orientation of tensile stress trajectories; convergent arrows indicate orientation of compressive stress trajectories. Units are Pa or Nm‾2. See electronic Appendix C for strain plots.Published as part of Rayfield, Emily J., 2004, Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex, pp. 1451-1459 in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271 (1547) on page 1454, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2755, http://zenodo.org/record/373673
Figure 2 in Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex
No full textFigure 2. Sutural morphology and mobility. (a) Postorbital–jugal suture in Tyrannosaurus rex; (b) maxilla–jugal suture in T. rex; (c) 2D FEM of T. rex skull with mobile postorbital–jugal contact; and (d) 2D FEM of T. rex skull with mobile maxillajugal contact. Double-headed arrows indicate direction of slight adjustive movement at suture. Single-headed arrows indicate location of 'suture' in FE-mesh. Illustrations after BHM 3033. Grey areas and abbreviations as defined in figure 1; pal, palatine.Published as part of Rayfield, Emily J., 2004, Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex, pp. 1451-1459 in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271 (1547) on page 1453, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2755, http://zenodo.org/record/373673
Emily Brontë : the mind of a visionary
No full textBibliography: leaves 216-226.This dissertation is an investigation of the visionary and philosophical aspects of Emily Brontë's works. The first five chapters deal with the visionary process such as visions, spirit guides, dreams, imagination, encounters with the darker side of the self and a union with the divine. There is considerable evidence of these mystical avenues in both her poetry and in Wuthering Heights which have been explored. It is shown how Emily Brontë's mysticism is a direct result of personal experiences which augment her reputation as one of the leading mystics in the world of literature. There are however tensions in her works, such as the cynicism of her own intellect in accepting the visionary experiences as authentic and periods of suffering when her faith is tested. These tensions have been considered within the context of her mystical encounters and philosophy. The remaining four chapters deal with the philosophy of Emily Brontë per se. Her beliefs in respect of heaven and hell, mercy and justice, power and survival, and pantheism are considered in depth. It is argued that she is an unorthodox thinker who does not believe in an eternal hell and that she has drawn inspiration for this idea from Frederick Maurice and Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is also shown how issues of power have been of interest to her from a young age and how this needs to be integrated within her philosophy. To the writer power needs to be tempered by compassion if it is to be of use to society or the individual. Her pantheistic spirit is also investigated and related to the mystical ideas
Extruded finite element models: a case study using early mammal jaws
No full textFinite element models of early mammal jaws. Abaqus models as well as stress and strain spreadsheet results. Data from: Nuria Melisa Morales-García, Thomas D. Burgess, Jennifer J. Hill, Pamela G. Gill and Emily J. Rayfield. The use of extruded finite element models as a novel alternative to tomography-based models: a case study using early mammal jaws. Journal of the Royal Society Interface
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