6,067 research outputs found
Carnet de J.D. CHAUPIN
No full textThis 199-page handbook is a monograph on Notre-Dame de Vaulx, a French village located in the Isère département of the Rhône-Alpes region, authored by J.D. CHAUPIN. It was completed in May 1958 and dedicated by the author to his grand-daughter Danielle Marthe CHAUPIN. The first fifty pages contain a glossary of more than 1500 words and the most popular expressions in matheysin patois.The version available here is a second-generation xerox copy of the manuscript collected by Jacqueline DUC, a specialist of matheysin patois.Ce carnet de 199 pages est une monographie sur le village de Notre-Dame de Vaulx, une commune française située dans le département de l'Isère et la région Rhône-Alpes, rédigée par M. J.D. CHAUPIN. Achevé en mai 1958, il est dédicacé à sa petite fille Danielle Marthe CHAUPIN. Il contient sur une cinquantaine de pages un glossaire de plus de 1500 mots ainsi que les expressions les plus courantes en patois matheysin.La version déposée ici est une photocopie de seconde génération du manuscrit réalisée par Jacqueline DUC, spécialiste des patois matheysins
Experimental Measurements and Computer Simulation of Fission Product Gamma-Ray Spectra
No full textAirborne gamma ray spectrometry using high volume scintillation detectors, optionally in conjunction with Ge detectors, has potential for making rapid environmental measurements in response to nuclear accidents. An experimental investigation and computer simulation have been used to characterise the response of such detectors to short lived fission products. Small samples of 235U were irradiated in a research reactor for short periods, to generate fission product sources. Gamma ray spectra were recorded over a period of one year using both high volume scintillation detectors and semiconductor detectors. The main gamma emitting nuclides have been identified, and their associated signals in each detector defined. Simulation work has been used to calculate the corresponding spectra which would have been observed at airborne survey heights, or from fission product sources irradiated for a prolonged period. While Ge detectors can record a fuller range of isotopes, of interest in characterising release terms, the NaI spectra also have potential for providing data on a range of radiologically important isotopes at all stages
An Aerial Gamma Ray Survey of the Surrounding Area of Sizewell Nuclear Power Station
No full text<p>An airborne gamma ray survey of the surroundings of the Sizewell nuclear power station was conducted to define the present levels of radiation background for reference purposes. A twin engine helicopter fitted with a high volume NaI detector and two semiconductor detectors was used. A 20x30km area around the site was surveyed with 500 m line spacing, with an inner zone of 6x6 km being investigated with 250 m line spacing.</p>
<p>More than 10,000 gamma ray spectra were recorded between 1st and 3rd October 1996 at a survey height of 200-300 feet above ground level and used to prepare maps showing the distribution of 137Cs, 40K,214Bi,208Tl and gamma ray dose rate. The data set has been retained digitally in an archive which can be used in the future should the need arise to measure change resulting from long term site operations, or for emergency response.</p>
<p>137Cs levels are typically around 2 kBq m-2, derived mainly from weapons' testing fallout, with slight Chernobyl input. Peak levels of some 6 kBq m-2 around the tidal inundation limits of estuarine and marsh areas may be associated with marine discharges from nuclear fuel reprocessing at Sellafield. Natural radionuclides show a distribution which reflects the geological and geomorphological variations within the landscape, and are the major contributors to dose rates within the survey zone. The gamma ray dose rate maps also show the position of the 41Ar plume emitted from the Magnox station at Sizewell during the survey. At the time in question the plume was projected over the sea in the SE direction. The gamma ray survey data crossing the plume show clear evidence of dispersion downwind with plume broadening as a result of gaseous diffusion with increasing distance. Ground level gamma ray dose rates were recorded at 8 routine district monitoring sites using a mini-series 680 survey meter operated by Sizewell staff and a portable scintillation spectrometer. The mean dose rates recorded with the 680 meter (24.7 nGy hr-1) are in good agreement with the results of ground based (27.4 nGy hr-1) and the nearest airborne gamma dose rate results (24.6 nGy hr-1).</p>
<p>Airborne survey methods are uniquely well suited to rapid environmental data capture from large areas. This has important emergency response potential which is increasingly recognised in the context of nuclear sites. The data recorded in this study provide a frame of reference against which future changes can be measured.</p>
Review of Past Nuclear Accidents: Source Terms and Recorded Gamma-Ray Spectra
No full textAirborne gamma ray spectrometry using high volume scintillation detectors, optionally in conjunction with Ge detectors, has potential for making rapid environmental measurements in response to nuclear accidents. A literature search on past nuclear accidents has been conducted to define the source terms which have been experienced so far. Selected gamma ray spectra recorded after past accidents have also been collated to examine the complexity of observed behaviour
An Aerial Gamma Ray Survey of Springfields and the Ribble Estuary in September 1992
No full text<p>A short aerial gamma ray survey was conducted in the vicinity of the Springfields site and Ribble Estuary from 1st-5th September 1992, to define existing background radiation levels, against which any future changes can be assessed. A twin engine AS 355 "Squirrel" helicopter chartered from Dollar Helicopters was used for this work. It was loaded with a 16 litre NaI(Tl) gamma ray detector and spectroscopy system on the 31st August and during the following days over 2700 separate spectra were recorded within a survey area of 20 x 12 km. Gamma ray spectra were recorded every 5 seconds at survey speed and altitude of 120 kph and 75 m respectively. A flight line spacing of 0.3km was chosen for the main survey area. On the 3rd September a low altitude, high spatial resolution (flight line spacing 100m and altitude 30m) was made over Banks Marsh (an area frequented by local wild fowlers).</p>
<p>Survey results have been stored archivally and used to map the naturally occurring radionuclides 40K, 214Bi and 208Tl together with 137Cs and total gamma ray flux. In addition, for the first time, estimates of 234mPa in terms of deconvoluted count rate (normalised to 100m altitude) were made in the presence of 228Ac interference probably in disequilibrium with its parent thorium series.</p>
<p>The maps provide a clear indication of the distribution and sources of environmental radioactivity in the Ribble at the time of the survey. The Ribble estuary is subject to regular and ongoing ground based studies by BNF, MAFF, HMIP, and University based groups, as a result of the authorised discharges of low level radioactivity from the Springfields site. The results of this survey complement this ground based work, and add to confidence that the estuarine system, it's associated sediments, tide washed pastures, salt marshes and river banks, have been thoroughly examined. There is support for earlier conclusions that the Cs on the salt marshes is the dominant source of external gamma exposure, and that the Springfields contribution to these locations is minor in comparison with this, Sellafield derived, signal. Upstream the situation is more complex, particularly where the dynamic sources of beta radiation are considered. As far as critical group assessments are concerned the survey provides clear evidence that the areas affected by 137Cs, where external gamma dose and possible food chain effects are of greatest interest, are in the lower reaches of the Ribble, whereas, at the time of the survey the 234mPa distribution was in the upper reaches of the river. This not only confirms the findings of ground based work, but provides some assurance that the different exposure paths (external gamma dose, skin dose) are not entirely synergistic. The discovery of possible transient sources of natural 228Ac in the salt marsh environment as a consequence of Th series disequilibrium immediately following spring tides is extremely interesting. If substantiated by further studies using semiconductor detectors this provides a new insight into the dynamic radiation environment of tide washed contexts.</p>
<p>Aerial survey can potentially provide a rapid and cost effective means of studying environmentally dynamic sources such as 234mPa. In the case of the Ribble it would be necessary to reduce survey height to below 50m ground clearance to improve spatial resolution. Possible inconvenience to residents and property owners of such low altitude flights would have to be considered in addition to the potential value of environmental knowledge of the behaviour of short lived nuclides in a dynamic system such the Ribble estuary. There is nonetheless considerable potential for time series studies of this location.
Recent flight trials by SURRC incorporating high efficiency germanium semiconductor detectors have verified the feasibility and potential a hybrid scintillation⁄ semiconductor spectrometer. Such a device can resolve any ambiguities arising from overlapping gamma ray peaks. This is particularly relevant to the confirmation of 228Ac in salt marshes. Ground based sampling at the time of measurement would enable concentration calibrations to be made for these dynamic sources. Further ground based measurements would be desirable to establish the extent to which low energy photons contribute to external gamma ray dose rates from sources with pronounced subsurface activity maxima.</p>
An Aerial Gamma Ray Survey of Torness Nuclear Power Station on 27-30 March 1994
No full text<p>An aerial gamma-ray survey of the environment of Torness Nuclear Power Station was commissioned by Scottish Nuclear Limited, and conducted by the Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre. The area surveyed encloses a 31km square, with Torness Nuclear Power Station at the centre, flown with a line spacing of 500m. A secondary area, in closer proximity to the nuclear site, was flown with 250m spacing.</p>
<p>Over 6000 gamma ray spectra were recorded with a high volume spectrometer operated from a helicopter over a three day period in March 1994. Spectral data were recorded together with satellite navigation (GPS) and radar altimetry data. The results provide a comprehensive record of the radiation environment around Torness and have been used to map the distribution of natural and man-made radionuclides, forming a baseline to enable future environmental changes may be assessed.</p>
<p>The natural radionuclides 40K, 214Bi and 208Tl are highly correlated with each other and show a distribution which reflects both the underlying geological and geomorphological features of the area. The main structural boundaries of the Dunbar-Gifford and Lammermuir faults can be partly discerned in the maps, as can some igneous intrusions. Areas with peat or alluvium cover appear as negative features in the radiometric maps.</p>
<p>Radiocaesium 137Cs levels range from below 4 kBq m-2 to over 20 kBq m-2. Upland areas near Coldingham Common, Black Castle Hill and Dunbar Common show the highest values, similar in deposition pattern and level to Chernobyl activity observed in the West of Scotland and elsewhere. Published national maps derived from meteorological and ground sampling data predicted much lower levels for these locations. However core samples taken after the survey have confirmed the presence of the activity, and the attribution to Chernobyl. This finding demonstrates both the effectiveness of the method for rapid location of radioactive deposition, and the need for baseline studies to determine present levels. Count rates from a spectral window corresponding to 60Co were also mapped. The results are close to detection limits and show a slight correlation with natural sources. Therefore they are more probably due to residuals remaining after separation of spectral interferences than to low level 60Co contamination.</p>
<p>Gamma ray dose rates range from approximately 0.1 to 0.6 mGy a-1 with a mean value of 0.34 mGy a-1, and are derived mainly from natural sources. Ground level measurements were taken at nine district monitoring points within the area using a 3x3" NaI spectrometer and a survey meter (Series 6/80) used routinely by SNL. Both ground based data sets were in good agreement with each other and with the aerial survey after accounting for instrumental and cosmic ray background contributions.</p>
<p>There is no evidence that Torness Power Station has affected the surrounding radiation environment, within the operational and sensitivity limits of the aerial survey.</p>
<p>The longer term impact of the site can be assessed by future surveys. Moreover under emergency conditions it would be possible to utilise this method for rapid mapping of the area on a timescale which cannot be matched using alternative approaches. </p>
Geology of Graham Island, British Columbia
No full textby J.D. Mackenzie.Series ; Bulletin (Geological Survey of Canada : 1921). Geological series ; no. 72. Memoir (Geological Survey of Canada) ; 88. Accompanies Southern portion of Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia [cartographic material] / geology, J.D. Mackenzie ; geography, British Admiralty and Department of the Naval Service of Canada, Department of Lands, British Columbia, J.D. MacKenzie ; C.O. Senecal, geographer and chief draughtsman. Two folded maps in pocket
J.D. Anthony: Itinerant Minister
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to relate some of the experiences which were important in the life of Reverend J.D. Anthony (b. 1825), an itinerant Methodist preacher. A section of the paper is devoted to Anthony\u27s pioneer childhood experiences among the Indians of Alabama. An attempt has also been made to discuss the religious labors, friendships and also hostilities of the Indians that were incident to the establishment of Cherokee County, Alabama
An Aerial Gamma Ray Survey of Chapelcross and its Surroundings in February 1992
No full textA short aerial gamma ray survey was conducted in the vicinity of the Chapelcross site from 4th-7th February 1992 to define existing background radiation levels, against which any future changes can be assessed. A twin engine AS 355 "Squirrel" helicopter chartered from Dollar Helicopters was used for this work. It was loaded with a 16 litre NaI gamma spectrometry system at SURRC in East Kilbride on the afternoon of 3rd February and flown to an off-site operational base at Lockerbie that evening. Over the following four days over 3500 gamma ray spectra were recorded from a main survey area of 21 x 25 km surrounding the site, and from a extension examining coastal zones up to 25 km further west. Additional NS and EW "tie lines" out to 40 km from the site were added for the purpose of future extendability.
The main survey grid, bounded by OS coordinates NY100590, NY 100800, NY 350800 and NY 350590, was surveyed in a series EW flight lines spaced apart by 500m. Survey speed and height were 120 kilometres per hour and 75 m. respectively. Gamma ray spectra were recorded every 10 seconds, interleaved with positional information collected on-line from a GPS satellite navigation system and time averaged radioaltimetry signals. 3500 spectra were recorded. The combination of line spacing and flight conditions results in a practically complete area survey with 500m spatial resolution. The same flight parameters were adopted for the western coastal extension and the tie lines. Data were recorded in continuous flight tracks through these to minimise flight times.
In addition a rapid response flight route was prepared which could be used to define arcs at 10km, 5km and 2km radii from Chapelcross in the event of a future incident. The path has been chosen to be navigable under most weather conditions, and falls within the area which has been mapped for baseline purposes. A survey aircraft arriving from East Kilbride could perform such a survey without pausing to refuel.
Survey results have been stored archivally and used to map the naturally occurring nuclides 40K, 214Bi, 208Tl together with 137Cs and total gamma ray flux. In interpreting the maps correctly the spatial averaging of the aerial measurements and the contouring process should be taken into account. This leads to a slight tendency to broaden spatial features and to reduce maximum values particularly for boundaries less than the spatial resolution (500m) of the survey. Small scale features will be underestimated. Radiation from the Chapelcross plant was readily detected at the perimeter and can be clearly seen in the gamma dose rate and 137Cs maps. In the former case direct radiation from 16N in the reactor heat exchangers and the release of 41Ar gas from the reactors is largely responsible. The 137Cs associated with the small-bore pipeline on-site was detected to the SW of the reactors. Signals from 234mPa were detected to the NE of the site, and are due to the on-site depleted uranium store in this area. These local observations are broadly consistent with expectations based on-site dosimetry measurements. Further afield the contamination of the Solway Firth, its intertidal sediments and adjacent tide washed pastures by 137Cs is readily detectable, and the distribution visible on the radiometric maps. This is attributed for the most part to past marine discharges from Sellafield. The most extensively affected areas were near Kirconnel in the Nith, at Caerlaverock, Rockcliffe and Burgh marshes. Smaller areas of local enhancement occur close to the tidal limits of most rivers, notably the Southwick burn, Kirkbean Glen, Burnfoot, the river Annan, the Kirtle Water and river Sark. Terrestrial levels of 137Cs vary from those associated with weapons testing fallout (2-4 kBq m-2) which occur in the main survey area, and the edge of the area contaminated from the Chernobyl accident where levels above 10 kBq m-2 are observed in the western extremities of this survey. Previous SURRC surveys have shown that this component is up to 3-4 times higher further to the West.
The natural radionuclides (40K, 214Bi, 208Tl) show variations which reflect the local subsoil geology and surface geomorphology. Prominent features include the eastern edge of the Criffel pluton, Triassic shales are responsible for enhanced levels to the east of the Nith Valley, adjacent negative anomalies are associated with Silurian outcrops to the NE of the Lochar water. Carboniferous limestones and permian sandstones are responsible for the majority of the main survey grid. Natural sources in this survey zone define a relatively low natural background level, against which local signals close to the reactor site and deposited activity on tide washed pastures produce distinct enhancements. Radiation levels at Chapelcross site fall off rapidly with distance from the perimeter, approaching natural levels within approximately 0.5-1 km at the time of the survey. Those from the marine, estuarine and tide washed environments are mostly attributed to past Sellafield discharges. Further ground based investigation of these features would be desirable
Demotic Ostraca and Other Inscriptions from the Sacred Animal Necropolis, North Saqqara de J.D Ray
No full textCompte rendu pour la revue ''Blibliotheca Orientalis'', LXXIII, numéro 3-4,Leyde,2016de l'ouvrage Demotic Ostraca and Other Inscriptions from the Sacred Animal Necropolis, North Saqqara,(EES Texts from Excavations 16)de J.D Ray (Dir.), Londres, 201
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