585 research outputs found
Chalcogenide Sensitized Carbon Based TiO2 Nanomaterial For Solar Driven Applications
No full textThe demand for renewable energy is growing because fossils fuels are depleting at a rapid pace. Solar energy an abundant green energy resource. Utilizing this resource in a smart manner can resolve energy-crisis related issues. Sun light can be efficiently harvested using semiconductor based materials by utilizing photo-generated charges for numerous beneficial applications. The main goal of this thesis is to synthesize different nanostructures of TiO2, develop a novel method of coupling and synthesizing chalcogenide nanocrystals with TiO2 and to study the charge transportation effects of the various carbon allotropes in the chalcogenide nanocrystal sensitized TiO2 nanostructure.We have fabricated different nanostructures of TiO2 as solar energy harvesting materials. Effects of the different phases of TiO2 have also been studied. The anatase phase of TiO2 is more photoactive than the rutile phase of TiO2, and the higher dimension of the TiO2 can increase the surface area of the material which can produce higher photocurrent.Since TiO2 only absorbs in the UV range; to increase the absorbance TiO2 should be coupled to visible light absorbing materials. This dissertation presents a simple approach to synthesize and couple chalcogenide nanocrystals with TiO2 nanostructure to form a heterostructured composite. An atmospheric pressure based, single precursor, one-pot approach has been developed and tested to assemble chalcogenide nanocrystal on the TiO2 surface. Surface characterization using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis indicates the formation of nanocrystals along the nanotube walls and inter-tubular spacing. Optical measurements indicate that the chalcogenide nanocrystals absorb in the visible region and demonstrate an increase in photocurrent in comparison to bare TiO2 nanostructure. The CdS synthesized TiO2 nanostructure produced the highest photocurrent as measured in the three electrodesystem. We have also assembled the PbS nanocrystal sensitized photoanode using the one pot method.Finally, the charge transportation effect of carbon allotropes has been studied. For this we assembled TiO2 conductive carbon chalcogenide nanocomposite system. Surface and elemental characterization using electron microscopy, EDX (energy dispersive x-ray) and x-ray diffraction pattern, provide the insights into the assembly of the nanostructure. Optical absorbance, Photo chronometry, Linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance analysis have been used to provide opto-electronic performance of the material. We have studied the loading effect of various carbon allotropes, [fullerene (C60), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs)], loading effect of chalcogenide, and effect of nitrogen doping on the carbon allotropes to optimize the performance of the heterostructure.This dissertation is expected to impact the materials synthesis strategies and assemble the nanostructures used in composite electrode driven applications in the area of photo electrochemistry, PV, solar-fuels, and other associated topics of energy storage and sensing
Stoic beliefs and health: Development and preliminary validation of the Pathak-Wieten Stoicism Ideology Scale
No full text© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. Introduction We developed and validated a new parsimonious scale to measure stoic beliefs. Key domains of stoicism are imperviousness to strong emotions, indifference to death, taciturnity and self-sufficiency. In the context of illness and disease, a personal ideology of stoicism may create an internal resistance to objective needs, which can lead to negative consequences. Stoicism has been linked to help-seeking delays, inadequate pain treatment, caregiver strain and suicide after economic stress. Methods During 2013-2014, 390 adults aged 18+ years completed a brief anonymous paper questionnaire containing the preliminary 24-item Pathak-Wieten Stoicism Ideology Scale (PW-SIS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test an a priori multidomain theoretical model. Content validity and response distributions were examined. Sociodemographic predictors of strong endorsement of stoicism were explored with logistic regression. Results The final PW-SIS contains four conceptual domains and 12 items. CFA showed very good model fit: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.07), goodness-of-fit index=0.96 and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.93. Cronbach's alpha was 0.78 and ranged from 0.64 to 0.71 for the subscales. Content validity analysis showed a statistically significant trend, with respondents who reported trying to be a stoic 'all of the time' having the highest PW-SIS scores. Men were over two times as likely as women to fall into the top quartile of responses (OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.68, P<0.001). ORs showing stronger endorsement of stoicism by Hispanics, Blacks and biracial persons were not statistically significant. Discussion The PW-SIS is a valid and theoretically coherent scale which is brief and practical for integration into a wide range of health behaviour and outcomes research studies
Parmanu-Gunak
No full textParmanu-Gunak is a free Python based GUI application for reducing single and double spike isotope dilution data.
Version 1.0
Please contact the author at [email protected] for any questions related to Parmanu-Gunak. If you use Parmanu-Gunak for your data reduction, then please cite the following paper:
Pathak, D. (2023), Parmanu-Gunak: Data Reduction Software for Isotope Dilution Analysis. Geostand Geoanal Res. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12476
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Satellite-retrieved direct radiative forcing of aerosols over North-East India and adjoining areas: climatology and impact assessment
No full textThe article by J. Biswas et al. contained an update in affiliation of author Binita Pathak. The author would like to add another affiliation to her name. Her updated affiliations are the following
Social entrepreneurship, governmentality & the Left
No full textThis paper offers a critique of the location of social entrepreneurship in the imaginaries of an advanced liberal social economy . Social entrepreneurship is used in a broad sense to refer to innovative, sustainable solutions to social problems, and this paper is agnostic towards organisational structures or the use of earned income which might be understood to circumscribe the practice of social enterprise. This chapter therefore, rejects Reiss’ (1999,1) assertion that social entrepreneurship refers simply to the “application of sound business practices to the operation of non-profit organizations” and is closer to the social innovation school of thought advocated by Dees & Anderson (2006). By doing so, the author asserts the need for nation states to take an active role through policy innovation and the co-ordination of the social economy
Analysing spatial interdependence among the 2011 Thailand flood-affected small and medium enterprises for reduction of disaster recovery time period
No full textThe authors would like to acknowledge the continuous support and
guidance of the colleagues and family members.
The author would like to acknowledge the constant support and guidance
from Anila Pathak, Nupur Chaturvedi, Meleana Chaturvedi and Aaryana
Pathak.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2750-8483 (Shubham Pathak).Natural disasters have been a significant hurdle in the economic growth of middle-income developing countries. Thailand has also been suffering from recurring flood disasters and was most which are severely affected during the 2011 floods. This paper aims to identify the various factors that impact the speed of disaster recovery among the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) severely affected by the floods in Pathumthani province in central Thailand, and how it is related to its speed decision of neighbours SMEs. The methodology adopts a spatial econometric model, to analysis and understand each of the chosen factors' impact. The findings include the impact of disaster resilience, mitigation and planning at the SME level as well as the government level. The absence of accurate perception of actual risk, flood insurance and disaster management planning before the 2011 floods had contributed to the severity of the impacts during the 2011 floods
Management protocols of chronic Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review
No full textObjective: Chronic orofacial pain (CP) is a persistent and debilitating condition that affects the face, mouth, and jaw and can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life by posing problems to eat, speak, and perform everyday activities. By the means of this narrative review, we aim to assess different types of management modalities that exist to combat chronic orofacial pain. Design: Various databases were explored with MeSH keywords of chronic orofacial pain, orofacial pain, and interventions and treatment protocols for eligible articles. After an extensive literature search, it was ascertained that this review identified four major categories of treatment modalities for the management of chronic orofacial pain, namely pharmacological management, psychological management, lifestyle interventions-based management, and current stimulation-based management. Results: Of the four categories discussed, although pharmacological intervention offered the most immediate relief—especially from orofacial pain that was of a sudden, stab-like in nature—psychological management demonstrated a remarkable ability to reduce/alleviate the more serious aspect of chronic orofacial pain and was deemed better in comparison to the rest. Lifestyle-based techniques and current stimulation-based management were of limited use since they tended to focus more on the causal and not the symptomatic aspect of orofacial pain. Conclusions: Many patients with persistent orofacial discomfort can experience notable improvements in their symptoms and general well-being by all the treatment modalities evaluated
Resistive switching properties of hafnium oxide thin-films sputtered at different oxygen partial pressures
No full textWe report a study on the effects of O2/Ar ratio on the resistive switching properties of HfOx thin-films deposited by using RF magnetron sputtering. Ar is kept at a constant flow rate of 30 SCCM and O2 is varied from 0 to 30 SCCM during the deposition of these thin films. The UV-Vis spectra reveled that the transmission percentage of these films increase proportionally with increase of O2/Ar ratio up to a critical value. Further, the peak positions at 2.7 and 2.9 eV in PL spectra were attributed to singly and doubly charged oxygen vacancies respectively. These defects and vacancies alter the switching behavior of the devices. Moreover, the XPS data showed that the intensity of O-O bond peak decreases as O2/Ar ratio increases. Therefore, the switching performance shows a significant influence of the amount of inletting the oxygen gas with Ar during the deposition, thereby an improvement in the resistance ratio (Roff/Ron) of these HfOx based devices is noticed
On Hankel Transformable Spaces and a Cauchy Problem
No full textThe classical Hankel transform of a conventional function ϕ on (0, ∞) defined formally bywas extended by Zemanian [21-23] to certain generalized functions of one dimension. Koh [9, 10] extended the work of [21] to n-dimensions, and that of [22] to arbitrary real values of μ. Motivated from the work of Gelfand and Shilov [6], Lee [11] introduced spaces of type Hμ and studied their Hankel transforms. The results of Lee [11] and Zemanian [21] are special cases of recent results obtained by the author and Pandey [14]. The aforesaid extensions are accomplished by using the so-called adjoint method of extending integral transforms to generalized functions. Dube and Pandey [2], Pathak and Pandey [15, 16] applied a more direct method, the so-called kernel method, for extending the Hankel and other related transforms.
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Robust decentralized authentication for public keys and geographic location:
No full textAuthentication has traditionally been done either in a decentralized manner with human assistance or automatically through a centralized security infrastructure. In the security infrastructure approach, a central trusted authority takes on the responsibility of authenticating participants within its domain of control. While the security infrastructure approach works well in traditional organizations, it does not address the needs of open membership systems.
We propose automatic decentralized authentication mechanisms for peer-to-peer systems, email systems, and ad-hoc networks. Our byzantine fault tolerant public-key authentication protocol (BPKA) provides decentralized authentication to peer-to-peer systems with honest majority. Authentication is done over an insecure asynchronous network without using trusted third parties or human input. We also authenticate public keys in the email environment through our social-group key authentication protocol (SGKA). The protocol provides end-to-end authentication at the email client without using infrastructure or centralized authorities. Finally, location authentication in ad-hoc networks is proposed through our geographical secure path routing protocol (GSPR). The protocol authenticates geographic locations of anonymous nodes in order to provide location authentication and anonymity simultaneously.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 121o-128)by Vivek Patha
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