1,720,969 research outputs found
Analysis of the Impact on the Safety and Sustainability of Vehicular Traffic in the Landside Area of Olbia - Costa Smeralda- Airport
Full text linkThe quality and efficiency of the landside area of an airport are strongly conditioned by the circulation of the internal mobility that must be efficient and safe at the same time. Key elements in this regard are: (1) the curbisde highway, (2) the roads that wind around the terminal area and (3) the parking areas.The traffic on the roads serving the airport area is clearly distinguished from that on ordinary roads (urban and suburban) both because of the geometry, strongly conditioned by limited space, both for the different traffic composition and the expectations of their drivers. The concentration of a multitude of structures with different functionalities, located in relatively small areas, means that the signage are abundant and complex to code quickly, especially for those users who are unfamiliar with the infrastructure and who represent the dominant share of users. In addition, the latter live with regular users (mainly private transport operators) who have a casual drive.This is the scenario that is the background to the study whose concrete case concerned the Airport of Olbia Costa Smeralda. In the Sardinian airport, in July 2019, some rental operators/remote parking won the appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR) for the annulment of the ENAC Order and in this case the section concerning the limitation of the free admission to only three entrances to the parking area in front of the terminal and called Short term parking.The aim of the study is to analyze the traffic flows resulting from the application of this amendment and to assess its effects in terms of traffic efficiency and the safety of users
Road Accidents - Study of the Evolution and Mapping of Accidents Within the Municipality of Cagliari – Italy
No full textIn recent decades, great attention has been paid to the issue of road safety, both at the international level and on a national scale, in which individual nations have gradually put into practice both direct and indirect interventions, the effects of which have been measured by the reduction in the number of accidents over time.
However, critical issues remain, and the zero road fatalities goal advocated by the PNSS [1, 2] in its 2010 and 2020 editions has not yet been achieved; in fact, we are still quite far from the goal.
In this study, the authors analyzed accident data provided by the Cagliari Municipality for the years 2014 to 2022. The data divided by nature of accident, type of vehicles involved, accident circumstances, and severity were analyzed in order to provide an overview of their evolution. In addition, location data were mapped with GIS – Geographic Information System - and represented in thematic maps. These provide a powerful tool for analysts and local administrators to (i) visualize critical and conflict areas immediately and clearly and (ii) identify risk factors on which to potentially intervene in order to remove criticality.
The application to a local context through the operational use of maps, in the authors’ opinion, represents the added value of the study
Econometric Model for Forecasting Air Transport Demand: The Case of Cagliari – Elmas Airport
No full textThe ability to predict how air transport demand evolves is one of the key elements for effective air mobility planning. At the core of this lies the indis- pensable correlation between demand and supply. Understanding the evolving dynamics of demand is a fundamental requirement to intervene in infrastructure, resize services, optimize available resources, and plan infrastructure investments. In recent years, air transport has recorded remarkable growth rates, making new management and development strategies for infrastructure necessary. In this con- text, airport planning plays a central role for airport operators, who, through the Masterplan, define the development plan of an airport, addressing weaknesses where possible and enhancing strengths. Based on these considerations, this study develops an econometric model for forecasting air transport demand, applied to aconcretecase:Cagliari–ElmasInternationalAirport[1, 2]. The first part of the study focuses on the description of the methodology. After a literature review on air transport demand models, various methodological approaches were eval- uated, including regression models, moving average models, and Box-Jenkins, Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The comparative analy- sis led to the selection of a multivariable model, combining independent variable forecasts obtained with ARIMA models and the use of multiple linear regres- sion. This approach was replicated for Cagliari – Elmas Airport, resulting in a 15-year air transport demand forecast under three different scenario hypotheses. Finally, the results were compared with evolutionary trends proposed by interna- tional observers and regulatory authorities, highlighting a strong convergence of finding
Standing Passenger Comfort: A New Scale for Evaluating the Real-Time Driving Style of Bus Transit Services
Full text linkOn-board bus comfort is a key factor affecting the quality of transit service. Thus, its assessment is crucial for public transport companies, as it can support the monitoring, evaluation and implementation of specific actions to improve their services. Previous research mainly focused on separate subjective and objective measurements of on-board comfort. Furthermore, even if concurrent measurements of objective and subjective on-board comfort have been collected, no study has built a gradual scale for the real-time measurement of comfort. This paper covers this gap by integrating subjective measurements of driving style with objective measurements of longitudinal and transversal accelerations collected by intelligent transportation system tools. These findings are very useful because they represent the first contribution for establishing a comfort scale in a real operational environment as a tool to regulate driver behavior, i.e., each driver will be able to recognize when passengers experience conditions of discomfort and acts to improve comfort
Evaluating Skid Resistance of Indoor Pavements Using the Tortus Tribometer and British Pendulum Tester: A Case Study
No full textSlippery floors are a leading cause of indoor injuries, emphasizing the importance of effective flooring safety assessments. In high-traffic buildings such as hospitals, airports, and schools, ensuring slip resistant surfaces is essen-tial to prevent injuries and reduce costs associated with compensation claims and maintenance. According to Italian legislation, the Tortus Digital Tribometer (TDT) is the standard device used to measure the Coefficient of Friction (CoF) on indoor pavements, ensuring compliance with safety standards established by the British Ceramic Research Association (BCRA). This instrument plays a crit-ical role in evaluating the slip resistance of flooring materials, both in existing structures and during the design phase, to enhance overall safety and reduce the risk of slip-related accidents. In this research, six types of pavements with dif-ferent materials were analyzed under both wet and dry conditions using both the TDT and British Pendulum Tester (BPT) devices. The data were first analyzed to verify whether the pavements met the Italian regulations and also to explore any potential correlation between the two methods. The study found that the re-sults of the TDT method can be affected by the dimensions of the tile grout and the surface level. Additionally, under wet conditions, deformations in the leath-er friction pad were observed, leading to questionable measurements. In con-trast BPT provided more reliable measurements in both wet and dry conditions
Il caso dell'aeroporto di Cagliari - Elmas : un modello matematico per l'ottimizzazione dell'offerta in una rete di trasporto aereo
No full textIl problema della continuità territoriale tra l’isola della Sardegna e il restante territorio dello Stato Italiano è un tema sempre attuale. Infatti la grande distanza che separa la penisola dalla Regione tende a isolare la Sardegna dal resto del Paese. A differenza delle altre Regioni, tutte collegate da reti autostradali e/o ferroviarie,, gli unici mezzi disponibili per collegare il territorio Italiano con la Sardegna sono la nave e l’aereo, ognuno con i propri vantaggi e svantaggi. Inoltre l'isola è una meta turistica ambita, specialmente nei mesi estivi, per cui sono necessari ulteriori collegamenti e uno studio delle variazioni stagionali della domanda che consentano al turismo di alimentare l’economia locale.
Risulta quindi indispensabile che i residenti dell’isola ricevano della agevolazioni che permettano uno spostamento più agevole tra la Sardegna e il resto dell’Italia. Se da un lato, però, questi desidererebbero avere a disposizione un elevato numero di collegamenti aerei a prezzi ridotti, è altrettanto vero che le compagnie aeree non ne trarrebbero vantaggio economico, salva la presenza di eventuali finanziamenti pubblici.
Per questo motivo, l’obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di individuare la configurazione ottimale di una rete di trasporto aereo che consenta alle compagnie di minimizzare le perdite economiche(in termini di frequenze e numero di aeromobili), ma che allo stesso tempo riesca a soddisfare la domanda di mobilità espressa dai passeggeri. La rete oggetto di studio è quella delle partenze dall'aeroporto di Cagliari, ossia tutti i voli che collegano il capoluogo agli aeroporti di Roma Fiumicino, Milano Linate, Bologna, Torino, Verona e Napoli.
Per la risoluzione del problema si è usato un modello matematico lineare di ottimizzazione , basato sulla massimizzazione della funzione che esprime la differenza tra ricavi totali e spese totali, considerando i vincoli imposti dalla domanda e dalla normativa vigente per la continuità territoriale. (OPS)
Il risultato atteso dallo studio è che venga individuata una soluzione che da una parte soddisfi la domanda di trasporto, ma dall’altra garantisca alle compagnie un livello di profitto tale per cui queste siano maggiormente propense ad offrire il servizio di collegamento con la penisola.
In definitiva, la funzione obiettivo può essere scritta come:
Σ ,,h,, [(h∙h)−(h∙∙h)]
tih : tariffa applicata nel periodo i per la destinazione h
pijhk : passeggeri diretti a h nel periodo i, nel giorno j, nella fascia k
Th : tempo di volo necessario a raggiungere l’aeroporto h
cl : costo dell’ora volata del mezzo l,
in cui la variabile decisionale è:
h
con:
i: periodo dell’anno
j: giorno della settimana in cui è previsto il volo
h: aeroporto di destinazione
k: fascia oraria della partenza
l: modello di aeromobile utilizzato
L’indice i assume i valori P1, P2 o P3.
L’indice j assume valori LUN, MAR, MER, GIO, VEN, SAB o DOM (si è scelto di utilizzare le sigle dei nomi dei giorni della settimana anziché le date specifiche dei giorni considerati, in modo da avere una nomenclatura comune alle tre settimane).
L’indice h avrà valori BLQ, FCO, LIN, NAP, TRN o VRN.1-The aim of this study is to identify the optimum design of the air transport network between Sardinia /Continent, which at the same time meets the demand for mobility of the passengers by minimizing the costs of carriers in-service (frequencies and number of aircrafts).
2- The network object of this study is subject to PSO, or the connections between Cagliari and the main airports of the continent.
The problem has been faced through a linear optimization model whose objective function responds to the maximization of the difference between revenues and total expenses of carriers. The constraints of the function are given by the Demand to satisfy and by the limits imposed by law in terms of PSO.
3- The expected result from the study is the conciliation of the "guarantee" for users' mobility and the strict rules of the market. In other words, we want to find a network configuration that meets the transport demand and at the same time it affords the companies a profit level for which they are more likely to offer a transport service to the peninsula.
4- The problem of territorial continuity between Sardinia and the Continent, or air connections governed under PSO, is a very topical issue. The research, which is part of this scenario, after several studies in which has been analyzed the phenomenon behind the optics of the demand, in this case wanted to examine all from the perspective of carriers, in order to find a balance between demand and supply
Air travel demand forecasting in the presence of PSO (Public Service Obligation)
No full textKnowing the potential evolution of air transport demand is necessary in order to ensure the positive
effects that are generated by air transport itself, in terms of economic and social development. There
are several air transport demand forecasting models, which differ from each other in terms of time,
available data and the aspects to be analysed. The aim of this study is to create forecasts that can help
government authorities to formulate air transport development policies. This paper focuses on a regional
context — Sardinia — the second largest island in the Mediterranean. A large part of its economic and
social development potential (tourism-related) is based on breaking its isolation by substantially improving
air transportation services. In particular, the originality of these forecasts lies in the attempt to interpret
a context characterised by different factors influencing the air transport market. Public Service Obligation
(PSO) (Art. 4 RC 2408/92) was first imposed in Sardinia in 2002, on several domestic routes. Low cost
companies have been operating since 2007, and some of them took advantage of public subsidies to
develop new routes. During the same period, the three major Sardinian airports were expanded and
improved. This paper provides a detailed, descriptive analysis of air transport demand evolution at Cagliari’s
airport (1995–2014). Based on this analysis, several regression models for aggregate data have been
specified and calibrated, distinguishing between domestic and international passengers
Driving Style Evaluation: Novel Comfort Scales for Urban Buses
No full textEnsuring onboard comfort of passengers on buses is crucial because it significantly impacts the overall quality of public transit services. Consequently, its evaluation becomes highly significant for public transport companies, offering valuable insights to facilitate continuous monitoring, assessment, and the implementation of targeted strategies to improve their services. Past research has primarily focused on separate assessments of on-board comfort, using both subjective and objective measurements. Even in cases in which both types of measurements were collected simultaneously, only one study has developed a one-size-fits-all, gradual scale for a real-time assessment. This paper builds upon this prior research by refining an existing framework, incorporating multiple comfort evaluation scales that consider objective measures, such as accelerations during horizontal curves, braking manoeuvres, and pavement irregularities. These measures are collected through intelligent transport system tools and are linked with the perceptions of different passenger segments on these measures gathered through surveys. The results were derived from a substantial dataset collected in an Italian case study and the implementation of three novel algorithms. Moreover, they contributed towards establishing multiple comfort scales within an actual operational environment. Furthermore, these findings are significant as these scales could serve as a valuable tool for regulating driver behaviour. In this way, each driver gains the ability to identify instances of passenger discomfort in real time and implement corrective actions to enhance overall comfort
Research and study of a methodology to link noise to different types of aircraft in an LTO cycle and application to a real case
No full textNowadays, issues related to air and noise pollution in the areas surrounding airports are a great concern for the quality of life of their inhabitants. In particular, the noise resulting from aircraft take-off and landing operations is one of the major reasons for physical and psychological stress and is generally considered as one of the main causes of reduced quality of life for residents in these areas.
As a result, in many countries around the world a number of regulations aimed at studying, testing and limiting the noise pollution have been developed. Among these, the Italian regulation, which transposes a European Parliament initiative, beginning with law 477/95, issued a series of decrees aimed at identifying a map of the noise climate around each airport. With the help of software for the measurement of the propagation of the airport related noise, it is possible to define an acoustic zoning of the affected territory in relation to the intended use and the associated standard exposure levels.
In this research area, this report aims to:
• Calibrate a forecast model designed to zone the airport surrounding areas using updated data input;
• Isolate aircraft emissions during take-off and landing;
• Verify aircraft compliance with current regulations.
Therefore, it will be essential to develop a procedure for the recognition of the noise emitted by aircraft in the different phases of flight, through a method that allows noise emissions to be correlated with the type of aircraft in a reliable way.
In this regard, we will use the sound measurements provided by the detection unit at Cagliari-Elmas airport, which is equipped with a receiver, a computer system and a data storage centre, and which detects the emissions spectrum, the duration of the event, the SEL, etc.. However, the instruments available in the detection unit are not able to associate the registered sound to the type of aircraft that originates that sound. In order to correlate the noise to its source a mathematical and statistical tool will be required.
Therefore, it has been decided to develop a statistical tool, based on empirical observations, which reproduces the overflying aircraft phenomenon.
The research took place in two distinct phases:
1. Phase 1: Statistical approach: Observation and modelling of the phenomenon;
2. Phase 2: Implementation of the aircraft-emissions correlation
Accessibility to Local Public Transport in Cagliari with Focus on the Elderly
Full text linkThe principle that inspired the authors in the preparation of this study is the concept of “expanded accessibility” in terms of usability of spaces, places and services, for their users. From here, in the face of the periodic survey work carried out on local public transport vehicles managed by the transport company of the Municipality of Cagliari, the characteristics of the overall sample have been designated. The data sample is analyzed with focus on elderly people. Some statements are reported to show how much and how these passenger use public transport and related technological services. Finally this segment of demand is compared with the complementary one (under 65 years). The outcomes show that the key elements that distinguish the two segments concern multimodality and technological services
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