97 research outputs found
Methylsulfonylmethane and anti-IL10 antibody: Novel feed additives for supporting poultry health
No full textWith the restrictions imposed on the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, it is becoming challenging for producers to maintain health and productivity of poultry raised for human consumption. For that reason, there has been an increased emphasis on evaluating nutritional alternatives to address most commonly encountered health issues such as inflammation associated with various diseases and stress. While coccidiosis, caused by intestinal protozoan parasites of genus Eimeria, has major economic implications, oxidative stress, brought about by a disruptive bodily redox status, is a major mechanism underlying various pathologies in commercial poultry production. Supporting host defense mechanisms to fight these challenges via nutritional technologies is a method of prevention. As such, a series of four experiments were conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of 2 novel feed additives, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and anti-IL10 antibody contained in a dried egg product (DEP), in improving immunity and antioxidant capacity of birds during oxidative stress and coccidiosis. Methylsulfonylmethane is an organic, sulfur-containing compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in humans, and DEP is proposed to attenuate Eimeria-induced IL10 activity to prevent the parasite from evading the host’s immune reaction. Because there were no data with regard to the toxicological effect of using MSM in poultry, we evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects and tissue distribution of MSM following oral gavage in broilers in the first experiment. As indicated by the absence of any serious effect on the hematological and clinical blood chemistry parameters, growth performance, and mortality, it was established that oral MSM at either acute (single dose up to 2,000 mg/kg BW) or sub-chronic (1,500 mg/kg BW daily for 21 days) concentrations did not evoke an adverse response in broilers. Moreover, MSM appeared to be absorbed and widely distributed in tissues throughout the body. In the second experiment, we sought to determine if dietary supplementation of MSM at 0.05% of the diet would demonstrate protective effects during oxidative stress induced by feeding 5% peroxidized oil in the diet. While a successful induction of oxidative stress was indicated by reduced feed intake in birds supplemented with oxidized oil, MSM did not affect growth equally across time-points. Similarly, supplementation of either MSM or oxidized oil alone or in combination did not influence peripheral T cell subsets upon flow cytometry analysis. However, in the presence of oxidized oil, MSM lowered indicators of oxidative stress and improved antioxidant enzyme activity (i.e., glutathione peroxidase and reductase) and total antioxidant capacity in both liver and plasma. Because the antioxidant effect of MSM was inconsistent and varied across time-points, we concluded that 0.05% dietary MSM may partially protect birds from diet-induced oxidative stress. The third experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of attenuating Eimeria-induced IL10 activity using DEP supplemented at 2 levels (165 or 287 in Study 1 and 143 or 287 U/tonne in Study 2) via feed on growth performance, immune responsivity, and gut health outcomes during a severe challenge infection with either E. acervulina (Study 1) or E. tenella (Study 2). In both studies, a successful Eimeria infection was indicated by a reduced growth performance in infected birds compared with uninfected group whereas, DEP supplementation did not improve overall growth performance, oocyst shedding, histopathological lesions, hematological measurements, or serum chemistry parameters. However, DEP supplementation improved percentage of circulating CD3+ cells following E. tenella infection, indicating an improvement in cellular immunity. To elucidate further, and to determine if attenuation of IL10 has caused an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction as previously indicated by severe histopathological lesions, and if anti-inflammatory MSM may bring a controlled inflammatory process in eliminating Eimeria infection, a final experiment was conducted. As such, the objective was to study the effects of feeding 0.4% MSM and 287 U/tonne DEP on growth performance, immune responsivity, oxidative stress parameters, and gut health outcomes during a mild, repeated infection with mixed species of Eimeria to approximate a subclinical infection in commercial poultry operations. While supplementation with neither MSM nor DEP alone elicited improvements, combined supplementation improved growth performance 7 days post-primary infection compared with infected control. Additionally, the combination of MSM and DEP improved total antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress indicators in the plasma at various time-points. The results indicated beneficial effects of the combined supplementation of MSM and DEP during a mild Eimeria infection on growth performance and oxidative stress outcomes. Overall, this research demonstrates that MSM is safe to be used as a feed additive and has beneficial effects during diet-induced oxidative stress. Further, a combination of MSM and DEP may be helpful in preventing subclinical coccidiosis infection.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Muhammed Shameer Abdul Rasheed, accepted the attached license on 2020-06-24 at 10:54.The student, Muhammed Shameer Abdul Rasheed, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-06-24 at 11:07.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-06-29 at 09:36.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15464 on 2020-10-02 at 15:30:54Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2020-06-29Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116195
Lift date: 2022-10-07T22:07:19Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116195
Lift date: 2022-10-07T22:44:53Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Onl
Synthesis and Catalase Mimic Activity of MnO2 Nano Powder Prepared by Hydrothermal Process
No full textحضرثنائي اوكسيد المنغنيز النانوي بطريقة الضغط الحراري (الاوتوكليف). وتم تلدين ثنائي اوكسيد المنغنيز عند درجات حرارية مختلفة (250،400،550 و700م˚). اخذت القياسات للمساحيق النانوية ولمتغيرات متعددة ومن ثم شخصت البنية التركيبية وطوغرافية الاسطح بوساطة فحص حيود الاشعة السينيه ((XRD, مجهر القوه الذريه ((AFM و المجهر الاكتروني الماسح ((SEM. درست فعالية ثنائي اوكسيد المنغنيز كعامل مقلد لانزيم الكتليز (الفعالية التحفيزية) ضد بيروكسيد الهيدروجين وباستخدام طريقة جديدة ووجد ان التلدين بدرجة حرارة 400˚م هي الافضل.Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanopowder has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. MnO2 was annealed at different temperatures (250, 400, 550, 700˚C). The crystal structure and surface morphology of these nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The catalase mimic activity (catalytic activity) of MnO2 against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied by using the new method and found that 400˚C is the best annealing temperature
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Rutile-TiO2 Nano Powder Prepared by Hydrothermal Process
No full textحضر اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي نوع روتايل (r-TiO2) بتقنية الحراره المائيه في الأوتكليف، حصل التفاعل بين رباعي كلوريد التيتانيوم ومزيج متكون من ماء لاايوني وايثانول بنسبة (37:) على التوالي. جفف الناتج ولدن عند 400 °م. التركيب وطوبوغرافية السطح لاوكسيد التيتانيوم تم تشخيصها بواسطة قياسات حيود الاشعة السينية (XRD) ، المجهر الألكتروني الماسح (SEM), مجهر القوة الذرية (AFM) ومطيافية الأشعة تحت الحمراء (FT-IR) والأشعة فوق البنفسجية/المرئية (UV/Visible). تم دراسة تاثير الاوكسيد المخصر على نوعين من البكتريا الغرامية السالبة (Escherichia coli) والموجبة (Staphylococcus aurous ). بينت الدراسة ان اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي نوع الروتايل (r-TiO2) له فعالية مضادة للبكتريا ويمكن استخدامه كمضاد بكتيري لمختلف الاغراضRutile titanium dioxide (r-TiO2) Nano powder has been synthesized by hydrothermal method in autoclave. The reaction took place between titanium tetrachloride (TiCI4) and mixture solution consisted of deionized water and ethanol, in the ratio (3:7) respectively. The product has been dried and annealed at 400°C. The structure, morphology and the particle size of the Nano powder were investigated by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), FT-IR and UV/visible spectroscopy measurements. The effect of r-TiO2 on gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aurous (S. aureus) has been studied. This study showed that rutile TiO2 Nano powder has efficient antibacterial activity, and can use as an antibacterial agent for different purpose
Preparation and Characterization of Indium Oxide Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Method and its NO2 Gas Sensing Properties
No full textIn this work, In2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on quartz substrate by dip coating technique and annealed in air at different temperatures of (450, ,550 and 650) ̊ C at constant time (60 min). X-ray analysis has confirmed the formation of polycrystalline cubic phase that increases in crystaline size with increasing annealing temperature. The optical properties of In2O3 nanostructure thin film were studied. The transmittance was measured in the wavelength range from(300nm to 1100 nm) for all the films.The sensitivity toward NO2 gas has been measured,where In2O3 annealed at different temperatures
Preparation and a new method to determinate catalase mimics activity of MnO2, Fe2O3 and MnO2:Fe2O3
No full textThe Development of Social Simulation as Reflected in the First Ten Years of JASSS: a Citation and Co-Citation Analysis
No full textSocial simulation is often described as a multidisciplinary and fast-moving field. This can make it difficult to obtain an overview of the field both for contributing researchers and for outsiders who are interested in social simulation. The Journal for Artificial Societies and Social Simulation (JASSS) completing its tenth year provides a good opportunity to take stock of what happened over this time period. First, we use citation analysis to identify the most influential publications and to verify characteristics of social simulation such as its multidisciplinary nature. Then, we perform a co-citation analysis to visualize the intellectual structure of social simulation and its development. Overall, the analysis shows social simulation both in its early stage and during its first steps towards becoming a more differentiated discipline.Citation Analysis, Co-Citation Analysis, Lines of Research, Multidisciplinary, Science Studies, Social Simulation
The amoebal MAP kinase response to Legionella pneumophila is regulated by DupA
No full textThe amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum can support replication of Legionella pneumophila. Here we identify the dupA gene, encoding a putative tyrosine kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase, in a screen for D. discoideum mutants altered in allowing L. pneumophila intracellular replication. Inactivation of dupA resulted in depressed L. pneumophila growth and sustained hyperphosphorylation of the amoebal MAP kinase ERK1, consistent with loss of a phosphatase activity. Bacterial challenge of wild-type amoebae induced dupA expression and resulted in transiently increased ERK1 phosphorylation, suggesting that dupA and ERK1 are part of a response to bacteria. Indeed, over 500 of the genes misregulated in the dupA(-) mutant were regulated in response to L. pneumophila infection, including some thought to have immune-like functions. MAP kinase phosphatases are known to be highly upregulated in macrophages challenged with L. pneumophila. Thus, DupA may regulate a MAP kinase response to bacteria that is conserved from amoebae to mammals
Impregnation quality of shredded semipreg after compression moulding
No full textManufacturing of thermoplastic composites (TPC) inherently generates scrap, mainly in the form of offcuts or rejected parts. The growth of TPC over recent decades has now reached a point where developing specific recycling solutions for TPC waste has become crucial. While looking at the various steps during which scrap is produced, the nesting of semipreg or prepreg appears to be critical. This work aims to develop a route for recycling semipreg offcuts, comprising shredding and compression moulding. This article focuses on an experimental study of the compression moulding step of carbon fibres reinforced PPS (C/PPS) to investigate the uniformity and impregnation quality of plates. These plates were realised in a picture frame while varying both the fibre volume content between 30% and 50% and the processing parameters. Visual inspection and cross-sectional microscopy were performed to assess the quality of each plate. As a first step, the influence of the type of added matrix (film, powder, pellets) and the type of pre-impregnation (film, powder) was studied. Stacking of polymer powder with shredded powder-coated semipreg gave the best impregnation quality. It was also shown that longer dwell time at melt leads to better consolidation quality. However, the difficulty in obtaining good impregnation comes from the disentangled shredded material, which is composed of three forms: semipreg flakes, dry bundles and pieces of matrix. When dry bundles reach the mould surfaces during the filling of the mould or when they are packed together, the consolidation cycle hardly impregnates them and they remain dry afterwards. Furthermore, large local variations of fibre fraction were noticed, resulting from a random mould filling. Therefore, the recycling solution for shredded semipreg is feasible when the fibre fraction is reduced but improvements on the part variability still have to be made
Maximum power point tracking under realistic operating conditions
No full textThe process of tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP), known as MPPT, becomes problematic under realistic operating conditions due to the potential for there to be more than one local maxima. A very detailed physics based model has been developed for a PV module (in this application a PV roof tile) using the Orcad platform for PSpice. This model is unusual in that it properly represents partial module shading and cell temperature variation. The PV roof tile, based on polycrystalline silicon cells, comprises 18 series-connected cells. In the model, each cell is represented by a standard two-diode sub-model, for which different levels of radiation and cell temperature can be simulated to obtain a realistic overall I-V characteristic for the module. The model can be extended to model any reasonable number of PV roof tiles wired in series and parallel to form a roof array. The IV characteristics calculated in this way using PSpice will be validated using an outdoor PV roof test system located at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
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