1,720,975 research outputs found
Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands
No full textFu, Zhen, Castillo Carrillo, Carmen I., Rashed, Arash, Asaquibay, César, Aucancela, Rodrigo, Camacho, José, López, Victoria, Quimbiamba, Verónica, Yumisaca, Fausto, Panchi, Nancy, Velasco, Claudio (2020): Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands. Florida Entomologist 103 (3): 329-336, DOI: 10.1653/024.103.0304, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/florida-entomologist/volume-103/issue-3/024.103.0304/Assessing-Genetic-Diversity-of-Three-Species-of-Potato-Tuber-Moths/10.1653/024.103.0304.ful
Agricultural Extension Messages Using Video on Portable Devices Increased Knowledge about Seed Selection, Storage and Handling among Smallholder Potato Farmers in Southwestern Uganda.
Full text linkTo feed a growing population, agricultural productivity needs to increase dramatically. Agricultural extension information, with its public, non-rival nature, is generally undersupplied, and public provision remains challenging. In this study, simple agricultural extension video messages, delivered through Android tablets, were tested in the field to determine if they increased farmers' knowledge of recommended practices on (i) potato seed selection and (ii) seed storage and handling among a sample of potato farmers in southwestern Uganda. Using a field experiment with ex ante matching in a factorial design, it was established that showing agricultural extension videos significantly increased farmers' knowledge. However, results suggested impact pathways that went beyond simply replicating what was shown in the video. Video messages may have triggered a process of abstraction, whereby farmers applied insights gained in one context to a different context
Fig. 5 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands
No full textFig. 5. Distribution of 3 haplotypes and sequence identity between each pair of Phthorimaea operculella haplotypes. Po-H1 was present in all 4 provinces, Po-H3 was present only in Cotopaxi and Chimborazo; Po-H2 was limited to Tungurahua.Published as part of <i>Fu, Zhen, Castillo Carrillo, Carmen I., Rashed, Arash, Asaquibay, César, Aucancela, Rodrigo, Camacho, José, López, Victoria, Quimbiamba, Verónica, Yumisaca, Fausto, Panchi, Nancy & Velasco, Claudio, 2020, Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands, pp. 329-336 in Florida Entomologist 103 (3)</i> on page 334, DOI: 10.1653/024.103.0304, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/11528166">http://zenodo.org/record/11528166</a>
Fig. 4 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands
No full textFig. 4. Alignment of 3 unique COI haplotype sequences of Phthorimaea operculella. MF121882 is a reference sequence from GenBank. Sequences of these 3 haplotypes were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MN205567 to MN205569.Published as part of <i>Fu, Zhen, Castillo Carrillo, Carmen I., Rashed, Arash, Asaquibay, César, Aucancela, Rodrigo, Camacho, José, López, Victoria, Quimbiamba, Verónica, Yumisaca, Fausto, Panchi, Nancy & Velasco, Claudio, 2020, Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands, pp. 329-336 in Florida Entomologist 103 (3)</i> on page 333, DOI: 10.1653/024.103.0304, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/11528166">http://zenodo.org/record/11528166</a>
Fig. 2 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands
No full textFig. 2. Alignment of 5 COI haplotype sequences of Symmetrischema tangolias samples. KX443104.1 is a reference sequence from GenBank. Sequences of these 5 haplotypes were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MN223391 to MN223395.Published as part of <i>Fu, Zhen, Castillo Carrillo, Carmen I., Rashed, Arash, Asaquibay, César, Aucancela, Rodrigo, Camacho, José, López, Victoria, Quimbiamba, Verónica, Yumisaca, Fausto, Panchi, Nancy & Velasco, Claudio, 2020, Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands, pp. 329-336 in Florida Entomologist 103 (3)</i> on page 331, DOI: 10.1653/024.103.0304, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/11528166">http://zenodo.org/record/11528166</a>
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Bactericera cockerelli and Comparison with Three Other Psylloidea Species.
Full text linkPotato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) is an important pest of potato, tomato and pepper. Not only could a toxin secreted by nymphs results in serious phytotoxemia in some host plants, but also over the past few years B. cockerelli was shown to transmit "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", the putative bacterial pathogen of potato zebra chip (ZC) disease, to potato and tomato. ZC has caused devastating losses to potato production in the western U.S., Mexico, and elsewhere. New knowledge of the genetic diversity of the B. cockerelli is needed to develop improved strategies to manage pest populations. Mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequencing provides important knowledge about insect evolution and diversity in and among populations. This report provides the first complete B. cockerelli mitogenome sequence as determined by next generation sequencing technology (Illumina MiSeq). The circular B. cockerelli mitogenome had a size of 15,220 bp with 13 protein-coding gene (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a non-coding region of 975 bp. The overall gene order of the B. cockerelli mitogenome is identical to three other published Psylloidea mitogenomes: one species from the Triozidae, Paratrioza sinica; and two species from the Psyllidae, Cacopsylla coccinea and Pachypsylla venusta. This suggests all of these species share a common ancestral mitogenome. However, sequence analyses revealed differences between and among the insect families, in particular a unique region that can be folded into three stem-loop secondary structures present only within the B. cockerelli mitogenome. A phylogenetic tree based on the 13 PCGs matched an existing taxonomy scheme that was based on morphological characteristics. The available complete mitogenome sequence makes it accessible to all genes for future population diversity evaluation of B. cockerelli
Evaluating integrated pest management approaches to control wireworms in cereal crops
No full textWireworms are considered a major re-emergence pest of many crops including wheat, barely, potato, corn and legumes in the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain regions of the USA. Neonicotinoid seed treatments, the only group of insecticides registered in cereals against wireworms, have failed to provide an acceptable level of protection against wireworms. Thus, there is a need to test alternative methods, to be employed as components of an integrated management protocol. Focusing on one of the most damaging species in the PNW, the sugar beet wireworm Limonius californicus, we conducted greenhouse studies to evaluate (1) the efficacy of commercially available and locally-collected entomopathogenic nematodes, and (2) the effects of insecticide application in a rotation crop (pea) in reducing wireworm damage in subsequent wheat. Field collected nematode Steinernema feltiae isolate Kyle-F1 caused significantly higher mortality (64%) in L. californicus larvae than commercial nematode strains including Steinernema carpocapsae (30%), Heterorhabtidis bacteriophora (6.6%) and S. feltiae (10%). The results suggest that field collected nematode isolates, which are well-adapted to environmental conditions can be a potential candidate against wireworms in the field. We also detected that in-furrow application of bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide with mortality effect on wireworm in pea, as rotation crop with cereals, was effective to reduce wireworm damage in subsequent wheat. Bifenthrin-treated pea followed by wheat treatments caused significantly higher mortality (82%) in L. californicus larvae than untreated pea. Moreover, 30% higher emergence was observed in wheat treatments followed by bifenthrin-treated pea. Our results indicate that integration of both chemical approaches and cultural practices (crop rotation) could be a more effective management strategy for wireworm control.Wireworms are considered a major re-emergence pest of many crops including wheat, barely, potato, corn and legumes in the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain regions of the USA. Neonicotinoid seed treatments, the only group of insecticides registered in cereals against wireworms, have failed to provide acceptable level of protection against wireworms. Thus, there is a need to test alternative methods, to be employed as components of an integrated management protocol. Focusing on one of the most damaging species in the PNW, the sugar beet wireworm Limonius californicus, we conducted greenhouse studies to evaluate (1) the efficacy of commercially available and locally-collected entomopathogenic nematodes, and (2) the effects of insecticide application in a rotation crop (pea) in reducing wireworm damage in subsequent wheat. Field collected nematode Steinernema feltiae isolate Kyle-F1 caused significantly higher mortality (64%) in L. californicus larvae than commercial nematode strains including Steinernema carpocapsae (30%), Heterorhabtidis bacteriophora (6.6%) and S. feltiae (10%). The results suggest that field collected nematode isolates, which are well-adapted to environmental conditions can be a potential candidate against wireworms in the field. We also detected that in-furrow application of bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide with mortality effect on wireworm in pea, as rotation crop with cereals, was effective to reduce wireworm damage in subsequent wheat. Bifenthrin-treated pea followed by wheat treatments caused significantly higher mortality (82%) in L. californicus larvae than untreated pea. Moreover, 30% higher emergence was observed in wheat treatments followed by bifenthrin-treated pea. Our results indicate that integration of both chemical approaches and cultural practices (crop rotation) could be a more effective management strategy for wireworm control.masters, M.S., Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Interspecific Interactions in the Zebra Chip Pathosystem: Identifying Host Plant Resistance, Vector Cold Tolerance, and Multipartite Interactions with Potato virus Y
No full textZebra chip (ZC) disease is a threat to the potato industry because it reduces production and quality of tubers. The pathogen is associated with the bacteria “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso) that is transmitted by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Since its detection in the United States in 2000, studies have been conducted to address different aspects of the ZC pathosystem. Sources of resistance has been investigated but characterization of resistance has been studied based on the interaction between the potato psyllid and potato or based on ZC symptom severity in fresh tubers at harvest. Moreover most of those studies have been conducted under controlled conditions. However, there are still critical questions to address that are directly relevant to ZC management and epidemiology. The overall objective of this dissertation was to study interactions between the potato psyllid and a range of potato genotypes, Lso and host genotypes and the potato psyllid and Lso. Although host plant resistance has been proposed as an effective approach in integrated pest management (IPM) program to ZC, none of the commercial potato cultivars in the U.S. are known to be resistant or tolerant consistently. In the first chapter we present a literature review of the zebra chip pathosystem. In chapter second chapter we studied Lso development and ZC symptoms in eight selected potato genotypes in the field, and in the third chapter we evaluated the progress of Lso development and ZC symptom progress post-harvest. Potato genotypes from the A07781 family exhibited relative resistance and/or tolerance to ZC because they showed low susceptibility to Lso and expression of ZC symptoms at harvest and after storage. Therefore, they were proposed as potential source of resistance to ZC. The fourth chapter was aimed at studying the effect of cold temperatures on potato psyllid mortality in relation to their Lso status and the vector haplotype. Lso may promote its vector’s ability to acclimate to cold temperatures but it was not influenced by the potato psyllid genotype (haplotype). We also evaluated the effect of Lso on potato psyllid respiration and we have found that Lso affects the respiration of potato psyllids negatively. Finally, Potato virus Y (PVY) and Zebra Chip (ZC) pathosystems can coexist in within fields, and they affect the potato industry productivity. Monitoring of potato fields indicates that potato psyllids arrive later in the growing season, when PVY may be already established. The objective was to evaluate the impact of PVY on the ZC pathosystem. Pre-existing PVY infection did not affect Lso development, but it negatively impacted Lso vectors by reducing their oviposition. Therefore, PVY may limit the spread of Lso by affecting its vector. Findings from the present dissertation contribute to our understanding of the ZC pathosystem, and represent the first reported study of its interaction with another pathosystem (PVY) in potato host.doctoral, Ph.D., Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2019-0
Fig. 3 in Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands
No full textFig. 3. Distribution of 5 haplotypes and sequence identity between each pair of Symmetrischema tangolias haplotypes. St-H1 was present in all 4 provinces; St-H2 was present in 3 provinces; the other 3 haplotypes were present only in 1 province for each haplotype. Arrows point to province(s) instead of a specific sampling location.Published as part of <i>Fu, Zhen, Castillo Carrillo, Carmen I., Rashed, Arash, Asaquibay, César, Aucancela, Rodrigo, Camacho, José, López, Victoria, Quimbiamba, Verónica, Yumisaca, Fausto, Panchi, Nancy & Velasco, Claudio, 2020, Assessing genetic diversity of three species of potato tuber moths (Gelechiidae, Lepidoptera) in the Ecuadorian highlands, pp. 329-336 in Florida Entomologist 103 (3)</i> on page 332, DOI: 10.1653/024.103.0304, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/11528166">http://zenodo.org/record/11528166</a>
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