268 research outputs found
Kimmo Hakola\u27s Diamond Street and Loco: A Performance Guide
No full textKimmo Hakola (b.1958) has emerged in the past two decades as one of Finland’s leading contemporary composers. His numerous clarinet and bass clarinet works include a clarinet concerto, five chamber works with various instrumentations, a work for solo clarinet, a work for solo bass clarinet, and a work for solo clarinet and pedal bass drum (the clarinetist performs both the clarinet and bass drum parts). While this relatively large output featuring the clarinet family may be a result of Hakola’s personal interests, it may also be the result of a friendship with virtuoso clarinetist Kari Kriikku (b. 1960). This document will be a study of two unaccompanied clarinet works of Hakola with the goal of understanding the compositional language and extended techniques used in his works. This research will help others understand the techniques used in these compositions and why the works of Hakola are valuable additions to the clarinet repertoire.
As has been the case so frequently throughout clarinet history, works are composed for a particular performer, or with a particular performer in mind. The most prominent examples include Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1750-1791) and Anton Stadler (1753-1812), Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826) and Heinrich Baermann (1784-1847) and Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) and Richard Mühlfeld (1856-1907). In other instances, a composer is simply inspired enough by a singular performance of one musician that he or she is inspired to compose prominently for that instrument or voice from that point forward. Understanding the relationship between Hakola and Kriikku (to whom Hakola dedicated his Clarinet Concerto) will provide insights into Hakola’s writing style for the instrument, including the use of various extended techniques. The works composed by Kimmo Hakola to be included in the performance guide are Diamond Street for
solo clarinet and loco1 for clarinet and pedal bass drum (performed by one player). Only the extended techniques present in these works are to be examined in the performance guide.
My investigation will rely first on the scores to these works and the instructions for the extended techniques that are present therein. Second, personal interviews as well as email communications with composer Kimmo Hakola, clarinetist Kari Kriikku, Finnish clarinetist Harri Mäki (Professor of clarinet at the Sibelius academy as of this writing) and Finnish clarinetist and author Mikko Raasakka (contemporary Finnish music specialist and author of Exploring the Clarinet: A Guide to Clarinet Technique and Finnish Clarinet Music) will provide key, new information. Commercially available recordings of the works, especially those recorded by the performer who commissioned or premiered the work, will be consulted in order to analyze the audible representations of Hakola’s notation. Also included in the research scope will be texts and recorded performances which feature or explain these techniques in works by other composers, including works by Alban Berg and Magnus Lindberg.
The primary outcome of this research will be a performance guide for these works which focuses on the extended techniques used within loco and Diamond Street. These two works are products of a collaboration between Kriikku and Hakola, This collaboration demonstrates the brilliant skill of Kriikku as a performer and illustrates Hakola’ multi-ethnic, multi-style aesthetic. Though not the primary focus of the document, past Finnish composers and their compositions and compositional style for the clarinet will be studied to form a point of reference. This document will provide crucial material for the interpretation of Hakola’s works that can also be used by performers and educators when considering extended techniques in other clarinet works.
It will also bring the clarinet and bass clarinet repertoire of Kimmo Hakola to a more prominent and deserved place amongst twentieth and twenty-first century works for these instruments
Vesiensuojelun tutkijaksi virran viemänä
No full textTutkija Kimmo Rasa haluaa laittaa ravinteikkaat biomateriaalivirrat pakettiin ja paketit kiertoon. Työssä on haastetta moneksi vuodeksi.vo
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as the Basis of the Finnish Constitution
No full textIn the article, the author describes the history of the formation of constitutional legislation in Finland and, in particular, notes the key events and participants in the process of constitutionalism in the country. The author describes the Finnish arrangement for monitoring that the adopted laws comply with the Finnish constitution and its provisions of fundamental rights as well as the human rights obligations of Finland. Of particular importance in the article is the description of the development of the institution of fundamental human rights and freedoms, their form of consolidation in the legislation, as well as the shrinking role of customary law. The author emphasizes the important role of the provisions of the Constitution not only in guaranteeing the realization of rights and freedoms, but also in providing guidance for the subsequent development of legislative regulation on various fields of law, including the rights and duties relating to providing of a healthy environment.Peer reviewe
Physical properties of a boreal clay soil under differently managed perennial vegetation
No full textThe physical properties of surface soil horizons, essentially pore size, shape, continuity and affinity for water, regulate water entry into the soil. These properties are prone to changes caused by natural forces and human activity. The hydraulic properties of the surface soil greatly impact the generation of surface runoff and accompanied erosion, the major concern of agricultural water protection.
The general target of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the structural and hydraulic properties of boreal clay soils. Physical properties of a clayey surface soil (0–10 cm, clay content 51%), with a micaceous/illitic mineralogy subjected to three different management practices of perennial vegetation, were studied. Tee study sites were vegetated buffer zones located side by side in SW Finland: 1) natural vegetation with no management, 2) harvested once a year, and 3) grazed by cattle. The soil structure, hydraulic properties, shrinkage properties and soil water repellency were determined at all sites.
Two distinct flow domains were evident. The surface soil was characterized by subangular blocky, angular blocky and platy aggregates. Hence, large, partially accommodated, irregular elongated pores dominated the macropore domain at all sites. The intra-aggregate pore system was mostly comprised of pores smaller than 30 µm, which are responsible for water storage. Macropores at the grazed site, compacted by hoof pressure, were horizontally oriented and pore connectivity was poorest, which decreased water and air flux compared with other sites.
Drying of the soil greatly altered its structure. The decrease in soil volume between wet and dry soil was 7–10%, most of which occurred in the moisture range of field conditions. Structural changes, including irreversible collapse of interaggregate pores, began at matric potentials around -6 kPa indicating, instability of soil structure against increasing hydraulic stress. Water saturation and several freezethaw cycles between autumn and spring likely weakened the soil structure.
Soil water repellency was observed at all sites at the time of sampling and when soil was dryer than about 40 vol.%. (matric potential < -6 kPa).Therefore, water repellency contributes to water ?ow over a wide moisture range. Water repellency was also observed in soils with low organic carbon content (< 2%), which suggests that this phenomenon is common in agricultural soils of Finland due to their relatively high organic carbon content.
Aggregate-related pedofeatures of dense infillings described as clay intrusions were found at all sites. The formation of these intrusions was attributed to clay dispersion and/or translocation during spring thaw and drying of the suspension in situ. These processes generate very new aggregates whose physical properties are most probably different from those of the bulk soil aggregates. Formation of the clay infillings suggested that prolonged wetness in autumn and spring impairs soil structure due to clay dispersion, while on the other hand it contributes to the pedogenesis of the soil.
The results emphasize the dynamic nature of the physical properties of clay soils, essentially driven by their moisture state. In a dry soil, fast preferential flow is favoured by abundant macropores including shrinkage cracks and is further enhanced by water repellency. Increase in soil moisture reduces water repellency, and swelling of accommodated pores lowers the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Moisture- and temperature-related processes significantly alter soil structure over a time span of 1 yr. Thus, the pore characteristics as well as the hydraulic properties of soil are time-dependent
Detailed-level modelling of influence spreading on complex networks
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.The progress in high-performance computing makes it increasingly possible to build detailed models to investigate spreading processes on complex networks. However, current studies have been lacking detailed computational methods to describe spreading processes in large complex networks. To fill this gap we present a new modelling approach for analysing influence spreading via individual nodes and links on various network structures. The proposed influence-spreading model uses a probability matrix to capture the spreading probability from one node to another in the network. This approach enables analysing network characteristics in a number of applications and spreading processes using metrics that are consistent with the quantities used to model the network structures. In addition, this study combines sub-models and offers a comprehensive look at different applications and metrics previously discussed in cases of social networks, community detection, and epidemic spreading. Here, we also note that the centrality measures based on the probability matrix are used to identify the most significant nodes in the network. Furthermore, the model can be expanded to include additional properties, such as introducing individual breakthrough probabilities for the nodes and specific temporal distributions for the links.Peer reviewe
Potential of pyrolysis liquids to control the environmental weed Heracleum mantegazzianum
No full text202
Lisäarvoa hybridihaapapuusta : Räätälöidystä biomassasta monipuoliseksi kemianteollisuuden raaka-aineeksi
No full textAbstractThe hybrid aspen tree (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species with the potential to produce biomass in an enhanced manner for industrial needs. Research has shown that by breeding hybrid aspen clones, tree properties (e.g., growth ability, resistance to disease, energy density and cellulosic pulp properties) can be influenced. However, there is a gap in the research on how clonal breeding affects the chemical composition of bark and whether this information can be used in the production of added value according to the cascading use principle.In this dissertation, chemical determinations were used to calculate variations in the chemical composition of the barks of different clonal trees and to evaluate the possibilities of clonal selection to produce added value to the bark. The results were also used to select the highest potential bark biomass for cascade use studies. Cascade use was investigated by linking the methods of extraction of bark and the torrefaction of extraction residue. The added value of the extract was evaluated experimentally by producing rigid foam and activated carbon. Applicability of pyroligneous acid was tested in herbicidal and fungicidal applications.This current study produced three key results: 1) clonal variation in the chemical composition of bark indicated that bark quality varies between clone types, and this has an impact on the added-value potential of bark-derived raw material, 2) by using hot water extraction, it is possible to separate an extract suitable as a precursor for producing rigid foam and activated carbon, and 3) hemicellulose of hybrid aspen bark can be converted into herbicidal and fungicidal active pyroligneous acid by torrefaction.In summary, clone selection can affect the bark quality of hybrid aspen in a situation in which bark pulp is collected from trees grown in certain growth areas. This information has value when the goal is to produce added value for hybrid aspen in the chemical industry via the cascading use of bark.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Korkalo, P., Korpinen, R., Beuker, E., Sarjala, T., Hellström, J., Kaseva, J., Lassi, U., & Jyske, T. (2020). Clonal variation in the bark chemical properties of hybrid aspen: Potential for added value chemicals. Molecules, 25(19), 4403. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194403Self-archived versionKorkalo, P., Hagner, M., Jänis, J., Mäkinen, M., Kaseva, J., Lassi, U., Rasa, K., & Jyske, T. (2022). Pyroligneous acids of differently pretreated hybrid aspen biomass: Herbicide and fungicide performance. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 821806. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.821806Self-archived versionKorkalo, P., Varila, T., Brännström, H., Hellström, J., Jyske, T., & Lassi, U. (2022). Applicability of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) bark extract as a precursor of rigid carbon foam and activated carbon. Manuscript in preparation.TiivistelmäHybridihaapa (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) on nopeasti kasvava puulaji, josta on mahdollista muodostaa tehostetusti biomassaa teollisuuden raaka-aineeksi. Hybridihaapakloonien jalostuksella tiedetään olevan vaikutusta puun ominaisuuksiin, kuten kasvukykyyn, taudinkestävyyteen, energiatiheyteen ja selluloosamassan latuun. Ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu sitä, miten kloonijalostus vaikuttaa puun kuoren kemialliseen koostumukseen, ja voidaanko koostumuksellisia kloonivariaatioita hyödyntää kuoren käyttöarvon parannuksessa noudattaessa biojalostuksen kaskadikäyttöperiaatteita.Tässä väitöskirjassa määritetään erilaisten kloonipuiden kuorien koostumuksellisia vaihteluja ja arvioidaan kloonityyppien valinnan tuomia mahdollisuuksia tuottaa kuorelle uutta käyttöarvoa. Kloonivaihtelujen perusteella valitaan kiinnostavin kuorimassa biojalostustutkimuksiin, jonka jälkeen kuoren hyödyntämistä tarkastellaan ketjuttamalla kuoriuutteiden erotusmenetelmät sekä kuoren uuttojäännöksen termokemiallinen konversio, torrefiointi. Kuoriuutteen käyttöarvoa selvitetään valmistamalla uutteista hiilivaahtoa ja aktiivihiiltä, sekä tutkimalla torrefikaatiolla tuotettavan konversiotisleen käyttöä rikkakasvien ja sienitautien torjunta-ainekemikaalina.Tutkimuksen keskeisimmät tulokset ovat: 1) kuoren koostumuksellinen laatu vaihtelee kloonityypeittäin, ja tällä arvioidaan olevan merkitystä arvopotentiaaliin, 2) kuoriuute soveltuu hiilivaahdon ja aktiivihiilen valmistukseen, ja 3) kuoren uuttojäännöksen konversiotisleellä on herbisidi- ja fungisidiaktiivisuutta.Yhteenvetona todetaan, että kloonivalinnalla voidaan vaikuttaa hybridihaapapuun kuoren koostumukselliseen laatuun tilanteessa, jossa kuorimassa kerätään tietyllä kasvualueella kasvaneista kloonipuista. Tuloksilla nähdään olevan arvoa, kun tavoitteena on tuottaa kuoribiomassalle lisäarvoa kemianteollisuuden käyttöön ketjuttamalla menetelmiä kaskadikäyttöperiaatteen mukaisesti.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Korkalo, P., Korpinen, R., Beuker, E., Sarjala, T., Hellström, J., Kaseva, J., Lassi, U., & Jyske, T. (2020). Clonal variation in the bark chemical properties of hybrid aspen: Potential for added value chemicals. Molecules, 25(19), 4403. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194403Rinnakkaistallennettu versioKorkalo, P., Hagner, M., Jänis, J., Mäkinen, M., Kaseva, J., Lassi, U., Rasa, K., & Jyske, T. (2022). Pyroligneous acids of differently pretreated hybrid aspen biomass: Herbicide and fungicide performance. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 821806. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.821806Rinnakkaistallennettu versioKorkalo, P., Varila, T., Brännström, H., Hellström, J., Jyske, T., & Lassi, U. (2022). Applicability of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) bark extract as a precursor of rigid carbon foam and activated carbon. Manuscript in preparation.Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Science Centre Pilke (Ounasjoentie 6), Rovaniemi, on 3 April 2023, at 12 noonAbstract
The hybrid aspen tree (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species with the potential to produce biomass in an enhanced manner for industrial needs. Research has shown that by breeding hybrid aspen clones, tree properties (e.g., growth ability, resistance to disease, energy density and cellulosic pulp properties) can be influenced. However, there is a gap in the research on how clonal breeding affects the chemical composition of bark and whether this information can be used in the production of added value according to the cascading use principle.
In this dissertation, chemical determinations were used to calculate variations in the chemical composition of the barks of different clonal trees and to evaluate the possibilities of clonal selection to produce added value to the bark. The results were also used to select the highest potential bark biomass for cascade use studies. Cascade use was investigated by linking the methods of extraction of bark and the torrefaction of extraction residue. The added value of the extract was evaluated experimentally by producing rigid foam and activated carbon. Applicability of pyroligneous acid was tested in herbicidal and fungicidal applications.
This current study produced three key results: 1) clonal variation in the chemical composition of bark indicated that bark quality varies between clone types, and this has an impact on the added-value potential of bark-derived raw material, 2) by using hot water extraction, it is possible to separate an extract suitable as a precursor for producing rigid foam and activated carbon, and 3) hemicellulose of hybrid aspen bark can be converted into herbicidal and fungicidal active pyroligneous acid by torrefaction.
In summary, clone selection can affect the bark quality of hybrid aspen in a situation in which bark pulp is collected from trees grown in certain growth areas. This information has value when the goal is to produce added value for hybrid aspen in the chemical industry via the cascading use of bark.Tiivistelmä
Hybridihaapa (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) on nopeasti kasvava puulaji, josta on mahdollista muodostaa tehostetusti biomassaa teollisuuden raaka-aineeksi. Hybridihaapakloonien jalostuksella tiedetään olevan vaikutusta puun ominaisuuksiin, kuten kasvukykyyn, taudinkestävyyteen, energiatiheyteen ja selluloosamassan latuun. Ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu sitä, miten kloonijalostus vaikuttaa puun kuoren kemialliseen koostumukseen, ja voidaanko koostumuksellisia kloonivariaatioita hyödyntää kuoren käyttöarvon parannuksessa noudattaessa biojalostuksen kaskadikäyttöperiaatteita.
Tässä väitöskirjassa määritetään erilaisten kloonipuiden kuorien koostumuksellisia vaihteluja ja arvioidaan kloonityyppien valinnan tuomia mahdollisuuksia tuottaa kuorelle uutta käyttöarvoa. Kloonivaihtelujen perusteella valitaan kiinnostavin kuorimassa biojalostustutkimuksiin, jonka jälkeen kuoren hyödyntämistä tarkastellaan ketjuttamalla kuoriuutteiden erotusmenetelmät sekä kuoren uuttojäännöksen termokemiallinen konversio, torrefiointi. Kuoriuutteen käyttöarvoa selvitetään valmistamalla uutteista hiilivaahtoa ja aktiivihiiltä, sekä tutkimalla torrefikaatiolla tuotettavan konversiotisleen käyttöä rikkakasvien ja sienitautien torjunta-ainekemikaalina.
Tutkimuksen keskeisimmät tulokset ovat: 1) kuoren koostumuksellinen laatu vaihtelee kloonityypeittäin, ja tällä arvioidaan olevan merkitystä arvopotentiaaliin, 2) kuoriuute soveltuu hiilivaahdon ja aktiivihiilen valmistukseen, ja 3) kuoren uuttojäännöksen konversiotisleellä on herbisidi- ja fungisidiaktiivisuutta.
Yhteenvetona todetaan, että kloonivalinnalla voidaan vaikuttaa hybridihaapapuun kuoren koostumukselliseen laatuun tilanteessa, jossa kuorimassa kerätään tietyllä kasvualueella kasvaneista kloonipuista. Tuloksilla nähdään olevan arvoa, kun tavoitteena on tuottaa kuoribiomassalle lisäarvoa kemianteollisuuden käyttöön ketjuttamalla menetelmiä kaskadikäyttöperiaatteen mukaisesti
Boosting the usefulness of hybrid aspen:from tailored biomass to a versatile feedstock for use in the chemical industry
No full textAbstract
The hybrid aspen tree (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species with the potential to produce biomass in an enhanced manner for industrial needs. Research has shown that by breeding hybrid aspen clones, tree properties (e.g., growth ability, resistance to disease, energy density and cellulosic pulp properties) can be influenced. However, there is a gap in the research on how clonal breeding affects the chemical composition of bark and whether this information can be used in the production of added value according to the cascading use principle.
In this dissertation, chemical determinations were used to calculate variations in the chemical composition of the barks of different clonal trees and to evaluate the possibilities of clonal selection to produce added value to the bark. The results were also used to select the highest potential bark biomass for cascade use studies. Cascade use was investigated by linking the methods of extraction of bark and the torrefaction of extraction residue. The added value of the extract was evaluated experimentally by producing rigid foam and activated carbon. Applicability of pyroligneous acid was tested in herbicidal and fungicidal applications.
This current study produced three key results: 1) clonal variation in the chemical composition of bark indicated that bark quality varies between clone types, and this has an impact on the added-value potential of bark-derived raw material, 2) by using hot water extraction, it is possible to separate an extract suitable as a precursor for producing rigid foam and activated carbon, and 3) hemicellulose of hybrid aspen bark can be converted into herbicidal and fungicidal active pyroligneous acid by torrefaction.
In summary, clone selection can affect the bark quality of hybrid aspen in a situation in which bark pulp is collected from trees grown in certain growth areas. This information has value when the goal is to produce added value for hybrid aspen in the chemical industry via the cascading use of bark.Tiivistelmä
Hybridihaapa (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) on nopeasti kasvava puulaji, josta on mahdollista muodostaa tehostetusti biomassaa teollisuuden raaka-aineeksi. Hybridihaapakloonien jalostuksella tiedetään olevan vaikutusta puun ominaisuuksiin, kuten kasvukykyyn, taudinkestävyyteen, energiatiheyteen ja selluloosamassan latuun. Ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu sitä, miten kloonijalostus vaikuttaa puun kuoren kemialliseen koostumukseen, ja voidaanko koostumuksellisia kloonivariaatioita hyödyntää kuoren käyttöarvon parannuksessa noudattaessa biojalostuksen kaskadikäyttöperiaatteita.
Tässä väitöskirjassa määritetään erilaisten kloonipuiden kuorien koostumuksellisia vaihteluja ja arvioidaan kloonityyppien valinnan tuomia mahdollisuuksia tuottaa kuorelle uutta käyttöarvoa. Kloonivaihtelujen perusteella valitaan kiinnostavin kuorimassa biojalostustutkimuksiin, jonka jälkeen kuoren hyödyntämistä tarkastellaan ketjuttamalla kuoriuutteiden erotusmenetelmät sekä kuoren uuttojäännöksen termokemiallinen konversio, torrefiointi. Kuoriuutteen käyttöarvoa selvitetään valmistamalla uutteista hiilivaahtoa ja aktiivihiiltä, sekä tutkimalla torrefikaatiolla tuotettavan konversiotisleen käyttöä rikkakasvien ja sienitautien torjunta-ainekemikaalina.
Tutkimuksen keskeisimmät tulokset ovat: 1) kuoren koostumuksellinen laatu vaihtelee kloonityypeittäin, ja tällä arvioidaan olevan merkitystä arvopotentiaaliin, 2) kuoriuute soveltuu hiilivaahdon ja aktiivihiilen valmistukseen, ja 3) kuoren uuttojäännöksen konversiotisleellä on herbisidi- ja fungisidiaktiivisuutta.
Yhteenvetona todetaan, että kloonivalinnalla voidaan vaikuttaa hybridihaapapuun kuoren koostumukselliseen laatuun tilanteessa, jossa kuorimassa kerätään tietyllä kasvualueella kasvaneista kloonipuista. Tuloksilla nähdään olevan arvoa, kun tavoitteena on tuottaa kuoribiomassalle lisäarvoa kemianteollisuuden käyttöön ketjuttamalla menetelmiä kaskadikäyttöperiaatteen mukaisesti
Structure and hydraulic properties of the boreal clay soil under differently managed buffer zones
No full text201
Structure and pore system in differently managed clayey surface soil as described by micromorphology and image analysis
No full textv2012okMA
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