118,141 research outputs found
Neoserica pophami Ranasinghe & Eberle & Athukorala & Benjamin & Ahrens 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Neoserica pophami</i> sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 86E89148-395A-4509-A223-69CBAC480FBE</p> <p>Figs 3I–L, 7C, 8C</p> Diagnosis <p> <i>Neoserica pophami</i> sp. nov. differs from the very similar <i>N. kalaarensis</i> Fabrizi & Ahrens, 2014 in shape of parameres: the right paramere is slightly longer, medially distinctly bent (lateral view) and much wider (dorsal view).</p> Etymology <p>The new species is named after Mr Sam Popham, founder of the NIFS Arboretum (noun in the genitive case).</p> Type material <p> <b>Holotype</b> SRI LANKA • ♂; “ X-SR0346, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum, 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE, 167m, 13-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Black light ”; ZFMK.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b> SRI LANKA • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0332, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X- SR0333, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13- X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0348, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0353, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0357, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X- SR0360, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13- X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0365, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0369, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0370, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X- SR0380, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13- X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0383, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0384, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0388, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X- SR0393, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13- X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0394, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0401, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR1081, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X- SR0471, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 12- X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0473, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 12-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0474, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 12-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0475, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 167m; 12-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X- SR0488, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85766ºN, 80.67474ºE; 174m; 12-13- X _2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0417, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85796ºN, 80.67554ºE; 181m; 12-13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0423, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85796ºN, 80.67554ºE; 181m; 12-13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR1014, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85824ºN, 182m; 80.67506ºE; 13-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X- SR1042, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 174m; 12- X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X-SR1056, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 174m; 12-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X-SR1067, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 174m; 12-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X-SR1068, Sri Lanka, Matale District, Dambulla, NIFS Arboretum; 7.85783ºN, 80.67391ºE; 174m; 12-X-2019; Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe leg.; Black light ”; ZFMK.</p> Description <p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 6.1 mm, length of elytra: 4.4 mm, width: 3.5 mm.</p> <p>HABITUS (Fig. 3L) AND COLOURATION. Body oval, light reddish brown, antenna yellow, dorsal completely shiny, except a few setae on head almost glabrous.</p> <p>HEAD. Labroclypeus wide and subtrapezoidal, widest at base, lateral margins convex and convergent anteriorly, anterior angles moderately rounded, anterior margin slightly sinuated medially, all margins moderately reflexed, lateral margins produce an indistinct angle with the ocular canthus; surface weakly convex medially, densely punctate, coarse and fine punctures mixed, with numerous erect setae; frontoclypeal suture indistinctly incised, not elevated and weakly angled medially; smooth area anterior to eye flat, three times as wide as long; ocular canthus moderately long and wide (one third of ocular diameter), finely and densely punctate, with a single terminal seta. Frons with fine, sparse punctures, with a few erect setae beside eyes. Eyes moderately large, ratio diameter/interocular width: 0.75. Antenna with ten antennomeres; club with five antennomeres and straight, as long as the remaining antennomeres combined. Mentum elevated and slightly flattened anteriorly.</p> <p>PRONOTUM. Moderately transverse, widest at base, lateral margins in basal half almost straight and moderately convergent anteriorly, in anterior half weakly convex and evenly convergent anteriorly, anterior angles distinctly produced and moderately acute, posterior angles blunt; anterior margin almost not produced medially, with a robust and complete marginal line, base of pronotum without marginal line; surface finely and densely punctate, punctures glabrous; lateral and lateral anterior margin sparsely setose; hypomeron carinate, not ventrally produced. Scutellum wide, triangular, at apex moderately pointed, with fine, moderately dense punctures, glabrous.</p> <p>ELYTRA. Widest shortly behind the middle, striae weakly impressed, finely and moderately densely punctate, intervals flat, with fine and evenly moderately dense punctures, except a few short setae on lateral intervals glabrous; epipleural edge robust, ending at strongly curved external apical angle of elytra, epipleura densely setose; apical border of elytra with a fine rim of microtrichomes (100 ×).</p> <p>VENTRAL SURFACE. In major part dull, some parts shiny, coarsely and densely punctate, metasternum sparsely covered with fine, short or very minute setae, metacoxa glabrous, with a few long setae laterally; abdominal sternites finely and densely punctuate, with a transverse row of coarse punctures, each bearing a robust seta, the row of punctures on the first visible basal sternite fused to a robust transverse carina bearing the setae, before the carina the fine punctation extremely dense but glabrous. Mesosternum between mesocoxae 1.5 times as wide as the width of mesofemur. Ratio of length of metepisternum/ metacoxa: 1/1.65. Pygidium strongly convex and shiny, finely and moderately densely punctate, without smooth midline, glabrous except some longer setae along the apical margin.</p> <p>LEGS. Wide and moderately long; femur with two longitudinal row of setae, finely and sparsely punctate; metafemur shiny, behind the posterior longitudinal row of setae punctures finer and slightly denser, anterior margin acute, without serrated line behind anterior edge, posterior margin smooth ventrally, strongly widened, posterior margin finely serrated over its entire length dorsally, with just a few short setae basally. Metatibia wide and flattened, short, widest at apical second third of metatibial length, ratio of width/length: 1/2.8, sharply carinate dorsally, with two groups of spines, basal group at first third, apical group at two thirds of metatibial length, basally with a few short robust single spines, on basal quarter beside dorsal margin with a short serrated line; lateral face weakly longitudinally convex, finely, superficially and sparsely punctate, glabrous, widely smooth along the middle; ventral margin finely serrated, with four robust equidistant setae; medial face smooth and glabrous; apex finely serrated, interiorly near tarsal articulation weakly concavely sinuate. Tarsomeres dorsally smooth and glabrous, neither laterally nor dorsally carinate, ventrally robustly densely setose; metatarsomeres with a strongly serrated ridge and a smooth subventral longitudinal carina; first metatarsomere slightly shorter than following two tarsomeres combined and slightly longer than dorsal tibial spur. Protibia short, bidentate; anterior claws symmetrical, basal tooth of both claws bluntly truncate at apex.</p> <p>AEDEAGUS. Fig. 3I–K.</p> Variation <p>Length: 6.0– 6.8 mm, length of elytra: 4.3–4.7 mm, width: 3.2–3.6 mm.</p> <p> <b>Female</b></p> <p>Length: 6.8–7.2 mm, length of elytra: 4.6–5.0 mm, width: 3.7–4.0 mm. Eyes as large as in male; antennal club shorter little than remaining antennomeres combined, the basal joint of club equals only ⅓ of the length of the club; pygidium weakly convex.</p> Distribution <p>See Fig. 7C.</p>Published as part of <i>Ranasinghe, Sasanka, Eberle, Jonas, Athukorala, Namal, Benjamin, Suresh P. & Ahrens, Dirk, 2022, New species of Sericini from Sri Lanka (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Part II, pp. 57-101 in European Journal of Taxonomy 821 (1)</i> on pages 66-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.821.1799, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6595468">http://zenodo.org/record/6595468</a>
Xestaspis nuwaraeliya Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textXestaspis nuwaraeliya sp. nov. (Figs. 7–8) Type material. Holotype 1 ♂ (IFS_Oon_046): Sri Lanka: Central Province, Nuwara Eliya District, Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, 22 February 2007, leg. S. P. Benjamin and Z. Jaleel. 1 ♀ paratype (IFS_ Oon_123), Nuwara Eliya, 0 6°46’N 80°36’ E, 14 February 2012, leg. S. P. Benjamin and N. Athukorala. Other material examined. 1 ♀ (IFS_Oon_255), Sri Lanka: Central Province, Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala SNR, 6°55’52” N 80°48’46” E, 20 January 2015, N. Athukorala et al. Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis. X. nuwaraeliya sp. nov. can be recognized by the black colored granulations on the sides of the carapace (Figs. 7 A, D). Further, males are also recognized by the bifurcated embolus (Fig. 8 A). Female can be recognized by the triangular shaped receptaculum (Fig. 8 B). Description. Description based on one male and two females. MALE: Body Length: 2.42, uniformly red brown. Carapace: ovoid in dorsal view (Fig. 7 A), gradually narrowes anteriorly 0.5 times its maximum width (Prosoma: length: 0.84, width: 0.34), pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view (Fig. 7 B), top surface smooth, sides granulated (visible as black colored line-like markings), posterolateral spikes absence (Fig. 7 A), lateral margin straight in lateral view (Fig. 7 B), posterior margin rounded (Fig. 7 D). Clypeus: margin unmodified (Fig. 7 C), chelicera inner margin with enlarged setae (ceh) not prominent as in X. pophami sp. nov. Eyes: six, well developed, all oval, subequal, ALE separated from their each other by their radius, posterior median eyes almost touching, separated from edge of carapace by about their radius. Sternum: longer than wide (length: 0.70, width: 0.60), surface smooth, few hairs present, well pronounced narrowed channel-like pits between coxa I–II, II–III and III–IV, symmetrical in both sides, distance between coxae equal, anterior margin with dark continuous transverse groove (ctg), posterior margin extending beyond anterior edges of coxae IV (Fig. 7 E). Abdomen: oval (Fig. 7 G), elongated (length:1.44, width: 0.98), scuta surface with scattered light setae, margins of scuta, but not in the middle, inter-scutal membrane with less scattered setae, booklung covers quite large, elliptical, slightly elevated from the surface (Fig. 7 F). Abdomen scuto-pedicel region with almost contiguous suprapedicelar main ridge and with second upper downwards curved scutal ridge (Fig. 7 H) as in Gamasomorpha taprobania Simon 1893 (fig. 33F in Eichenberger et al. 2012). Spinnerets scutum incomplete ring, with hairs. Male genitalia: Palp not strongly sclerotized, embolic accessory appendage (ma) sharp and pointed, embolus (em) slightly longer than embolic accessory appendage (ma), bifurcated, curved inside at midpoint, conductor shorter than embolus (em) and embolic accessory appendage (ma), without a tooth like projection, cymbium extends beyond bulb (Fig. 8 A). FEMALE: Body length: 2.74, somatic morphology as male, except for, continuous transverse groove (ctg) lighter than male. Female genitalia: Dorsal view: receptaculum (re) triangular shaped, posterior with blunt pointed end, secretory sac (ssa) oval and elongated but not clearly visible, globular appendix (gap) narrow, elongated, clearly more than 0.5 times the length of receptaculum, pore field of receptaculum (pof) distributed widely along the globular appendix, with an anterior paddle like sclerite (psc) and a nail like process (na), lateral sclerites functioning as muscle attachments, lateral apodemes (lap) originating from the posterior spiracles (Fig. 8 B). Distribution. (see Fig. 13) Sri Lanka, Peak Wilderness Sanctuary (L 53), Nuwara Eliya town (L 54), Hakgala SNR (L 55).Published as part of Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, Sh. P., 2016, The Goblin spider genus Xestaspis in Sri Lanka (Araneae: Oonopidae) in Zootaxa 4189 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/16567
Maladera windy Ranasinghe & Eberle & Athukorala & Benjamin & Ahrens 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Maladera windy</i> sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0FAD16C9-9434-4A0F-9D11-42A464F3F2BB</p> <p>Figs 4I–L, 7F, 8E</p> Diagnosis <p> The new species is very similar to <i>M. pubescens</i> (Arrow, 1916) and <i>M. dambullana</i> sp. nov. as well as <i>M. bisornata</i> Fabrizi & Ahrens, 2014. <i>Maladera windy</i> sp. nov. differs from the first two by the distal aedeagal lobe (i.e., the fused parameres) having a basal lateral lobe with grater-like surface, the ventral process of phallobase is shorter, less pointed and not mesally extended; from <i>M. bisornata</i>, <i>M. windy</i> sp. nov. differs by the longer and slightly reflexed distal aedeagal lobe (i.e., the fused parameres).</p> Etymology <p>The name of the new species is derived from ‘Windy Holiday Bungalow’, where the research group stayed during the second expedition in Knuckles region (noun in apposition).</p> Type material <p> <b>Holotype</b> SRI LANKA • ♂; “ X-SR0769, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 17-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b> SRI LANKA • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0757, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 17-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0790, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 17-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK • 1 ♂; “ X-SR0580, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 16-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X-SR0572, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 16-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X-SR0574, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 16-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK • 1 ♀; “ X-SR0575, Sri Lanka, Deenston, Knuckles South, 7.35771ºN, 80.85006ºE, 980m, 16-X-2019, Eberle, Bohacz & Ranasinghe, Light sheet ”; ZFMK.</p> Description <p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 6.0 mm, length of elytra: 4.1 mm, width: 3.4 mm. HABITUS (Fig. 4L) AND COLOURATION. Body short oval, yellowish brown, antenna yellow, dorsal surface shiny, densely finely setose.</p> <p>HEAD. Labroclypeus subtrapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, widest at base, lateral margins weakly convex and strongly convergent to widely rounded anterior angles, lateral border and ocular canthus producing an indistinct blunt angle, margins moderately reflexed, anteriorly distinctly sinuate medially; surface flat, finely and densely punctate, distance between punctures smaller than their diameter, with numerous erect setae in larger punctures; frontoclypeal suture fine and angled medially; smooth area in front of eye approximately twice as wide as long; ocular canthus short and narrow, finely and densely punctate, with a single short terminal seta. Frons with fine, dense punctures, with dense short and sparse long erect setae. Eyes large, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.85. Antenna yellow, with ten antennomeres; club with three antennomeres, as long as remaining antennomeres combined. Mentum elevated and anteriorly flattened.</p> <p>PRONOTUM. Moderately wide, widest at base, lateral margins weakly convex and evenly narrowed anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced and sharp, anterior marginal line fine and complete, anterior margin weakly produced medially; surface finely and densely punctate, with dense moderately long setae being bent posteriorly on entire disc and with a few sparse longer setae being directed anteriorly; anterior and lateral borders setose, basal margin without marginal line; hypomeron ventrobasally carinate and slightly produced ventrally. Scutellum short and wide, triangular, with fine and dense punctures, with fine and dense adjacent setae.</p> <p>ELYTRA. Short oval, widest shortly behind middle, striae indistinctly impressed, finely and densely punctate, intervals flat, with fine, very dense punctures, with numerous fine setae similar to those of the pronotum and a few sparser ones being longer and erect or directed anteriorly, in particular on lateral intervals; epipleural edge fine, ending at the weakly convex external apical angle of elytra, epipleura densely setose; apical border narrowly membranous, apex covered with short microtrichomes.</p> <p>VENTRAL SURFACE. Moderately shiny, thorax and metacoxa with large and dense punctures, densely setose, metacoxa glabrous except for numerous long setae laterally; each abdominal sternite, in addition to evenly distributed fine and dense punctures bearing each a fine seta, with a distinct transverse row of coarse punctures each bearing a long and more robust seta, penultimate sternite apically with a shiny smooth chitinous border, which is a quarter as long as the sternite. Mesosternum between mesocoxae as wide as mesofemur, with a semi-circular ridge bearing robust setae. Ratio of length of metepisternum/ metacoxa: 1/1.9. Pygidium moderately convex, finely and very densely punctate, without smooth midline, punctures with short and moderately dense, adjacent setae, along the apical margin with a few long erect setae.</p> <p>LEGS. Short and wide; femur with two longitudinal rows of setae, finely and densely punctate, densely setose; metafemur shiny, anterior edge acute, lacking an adjacent serrated line, ventral surface densely punctate and setose, posterior ventral margin straight, only little widened in apical half and very indistinctly serrate apically, dorsally not serrated, glabrous. Metatibia short, widest at middle, posteriorly slightly narrowed, ratio width/length: 1/2.6, dorsally sharply carinate, with two groups of spines, basal one shortly behind middle, apical one at four fifths of metatibial length, basally beside dorsal margin with two single punctures with serrated margins, each bearing single spines and beside them a longitudinal serrated line; lateral face almost flat, with dense, fine punctures and with minute setae; ventral margin with five strong spines equidistant from each other, medial face smooth, apex interiorly near tarsal articulation shallowly truncate. Meso- and metatarsomeres finely and densely punctate and setose dorsally, ventrally with sparse, short setae; metatarsomeres ventrally with a strongly serrated ridge, beside which is a strong longitudinal carina; first metatarsomere little shorter than following two tarsomeres combined and a little longer than dorsal tibial spur. Protibia short, bidentate. All claws symmetrical, feebly curved and long, with normally developed basal tooth.</p> <p>AEDEAGUS. Fig. 4I–K.</p> Variation <p>Length: 6.0– 6.4 mm, length of elytra: 4.0– 4.6 mm, width: 3.2–3.4 mm.</p> <p> <b>Female</b></p> <p>Length: 6.5–6.8 mm, length of elytra: 4.6–5.0 mm, width: 3.6–3.7 mm. Eyes slightly smaller than in male; antennal club little shorter than the remaining antennomeres combined.</p> Distribution <p>See Fig. 7F.</p>Published as part of <i>Ranasinghe, Sasanka, Eberle, Jonas, Athukorala, Namal, Benjamin, Suresh P. & Ahrens, Dirk, 2022, New species of Sericini from Sri Lanka (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Part II, pp. 57-101 in European Journal of Taxonomy 821 (1)</i> on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.821.1799, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6595468">http://zenodo.org/record/6595468</a>
Brignolia carlmulleri Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textBrignolia carlmulleri sp. nov. (Figs. 4 A–H, 5A–H, 6A–B) Type material. Holotype: 1♂ (IFS_Oon_294): Sri Lanka: Central Province, Kandy District, Knuckles Range, Riverston, site 0 2, 0 7°31’25”N 80°44’20”E, 1240m, 25 February 2015, leg. N. Athukorala, pitfall trap. Deposited in NMSL. Other material examined. 1♂ (IFS_Oon_162): Sri Lanka: Central Province, Kandy District, Hantane, 0 7°14’57”N 80°36’50”E, 585m, 19 November 2013, leg. M. Rathnayake, I. Sandunika, litter. 1♂ and 4♀ (IFS_Oon_287–289, Oon_293): same locality and data as holotype. Etymology. Named for the Sri Lankan writer, poet and journalist, Carl Muller best known for his trilogy: “ The Jam Fruit Tree”, “ Yakada Yaka” and “ Once Upon A Tender Time”. Diagnosis. Males can be easily recognized by the dorsally directed palpal bulb with squared palpal tip (Fig. 6 A). Females are recognized by the long and convoluted posterior genitalic tube which extends to posterior spiracular groove (Fig. 6 B). Description. Description based on all material. MALE: Body length: 1.34. Coloration: carapace usually pale orange, sternum and mouthparts pale orange, abdominal scuta pale orange, abdominal inter scutal region white and covered with setae, legs pale orange, palps orange-brown, end part red-brown. Carapace: broadly heart-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 4 A), sides striated, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view (Fig. 4 E), anteriorly slightly narrowed, posterolateral edge without angular posterolateral corners, spikes and pits, lateral margin straight, top and posterior margin with enlarged setae, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 4 F). Clypeus: straight in front view (Fig. 4 B). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, oval, PME and PLE equal in size and oval. Labium: triangular shaped, fused to sternum, same as sternum sclerotization. Endite: distally not excavated, anteromedian part with stout projection, base with a triangular projection (Fig. 4 C), heavily sclerotized than sternum. Sternum: longer than wide, decorated with round pits, radial furrows present between coxa I–II, II–III and III–IV appearing as brown markings (Fig. 4 C). Abdomen: ovoid, dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, cover full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above. Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, extend to pedicel region, scuto-pedicel region with scarcely detectable straight scutal ridge, without dorsolateral triangular extensions (Fig. 4 D), booklung covers, large, elliptical without elevation, postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, long, semicircular, covering most part of the area and fused to epigastric scutum, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (lap in Fig. 4 H). Spinnerets scutum present, short setae present. Legs: spineless. Sperm pore: small, situated at level of anterior spiracular groove. Genitalia: palpal bulb dorsally directed with squared palpal tip (Fig. 6 A). Palpal bulb narrowed, base of the palpal bulb without triangular projection. Palpal tibia rounded. FEMALE: Body length: 1.14. Coloration and somatic morphology as in male. Carapace: broadly oval-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 5 A), sides striated, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view (Fig. 5 B). Genitalia: long, convoluted posterior genitalic tube extend to posterior spiracular groove (Fig. 6 B). Intraspecific variation. Body length of females range from 1.14–1.44. In some specimens the sternum is fully decorated with small round pits (Fig. 5 E) and the pedicel tube is furnished with transverse, procurved ridges. Small dorsolateral triangular extensions are present in a few specimens (Fig. 5 H). Distribution. Sri Lanka. Kandy District: Hantane (L 43), Knuckles Range, site 0 2 (L 44).Published as part of Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, Suresh P., 2016, A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae), pp. 451-476 in Zootaxa 4144 (4) on pages 456-459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26749
A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae)
No full textRanasinghe, U. G. S. L., Benjamin, Suresh P. (2016): A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae). Zootaxa 4144 (4): 451-476, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.
Brignolia shyami Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2016, sp. n.
No full textBrignolia shyami sp. n. (Figs.16 A–H; 17A–F; 18A–D) Type material. Holotype 1♂ (IFS_Oon_244): Sri Lanka, Kegalle District, Kurulukele FR, 0 7°14’12” E 80°20’33” E, 250m, 12 November 2014, leg. N. Athukorala. Deposited in NMSL. Paratype: 2♀ (IFS_Oon_245, 252): from same locality and data as holotype. Deposited in NMSL. Etymology. Named for Shyam Selvadurai, a Sri Lankan Canadian novelist best known for the novels “ Funny Boy” and “ Cinnamon Gardens ”. Diagnosis. Males can be easily recognized by the palp which has a triangular dorsally directed projection and a beak-like palpal tip (Figs. 18 A, B). Females can be recognized by the lip-like ridge in between epigastric furrow and posterior spiracular groove (Fig. 17 F, 18C, D). Description. Description based on the types. MALE: Body length 1.42. Coloration: carapace, sternum and mouthparts pale yellow, abdominal scuta pale yellowish-white, abdominal inter scutal region not visible, fully covered with dorsal and ventral scuta; legs pale yellow; palps yellow; palpal tip dark yellow-brown. Carapace: broadly oval in dorsal view (Fig. 16 A), sides slightly striated, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view (Fig. 16 B), anteriorly slightly narrowed, posterolateral edge without angular posterolateral corners, spikes and pits, lateral margin straight, chelicerae with enlarged setae, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 16 D). Clypeus: straight in front view (Fig. 16 C). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, oval, PME and PLE equal in size and oval. Labium: triangular shaped, fused to sternum, same as sternum sclerotization. Endite: distally not excavated, anteromedian part with stout projection, base with a triangular projection (Fig. 16 E, 17 A,B), heavily sclerotized than sternum. Sternum: broad, decorated with round pits, radial furrows present between coxa I–II, II–III and III–IV and appear as light brown markings (Fig. 16 E). Abdomen: ovoid, dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, covers full length of abdomen (Fig. 16 G), no soft tissue visible from above, epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, extend to pedicel region, scuto-pedicel region with scarcely detectable, straight scutal ridge without small dorsolateral triangular extensions (Fig. 16 H), book lung covers small without elevation, postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, long, semicircular, covering most part of the area and fused to the epigastric scutum, two dark brown patches present near the posterior part just above spinnerets (Fig. 16 F). Spinnerets scutum not detectable, short setae present. Legs: spineless. Sperm pore: small, situated at level of anterior spiracular groove. Genitalia: palpal bulb narrow, with a dorsally directed triangular projection and a beak-like tip. Base of the palpal bulb without a triangular projection (Figs. 18 A–B). Palpal tibia rounded. FEMALE: Body length: 1.52. Coloration and somatic morphology same as male, pars cephalica slightly elevated in lateral view, rounded posterior margin, endite projection absent (Figs. 17 C–D). Genitalia: postepigastric region with large lip-like ridge (Fig. 17 F) situated between epigastric furrow and posterior spiracular groove (Figs. 18 C–D). Postepigastric region with posterior genitalic tube and without any triangular projections, posterior tube extends close to the ridge. Distribution. Sri Lanka: Kegalle District: Kurulukele FR (L 28).Published as part of Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, Suresh P., 2016, A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae), pp. 451-476 in Zootaxa 4144 (4) on pages 469-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26749
Brignolia meemure Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textBrignolia meemure sp. nov. (Figs. 7 A–H; 8A–D; 9A–D) Type material. Holotype ♂ (IFS_Oon_241): Sri Lanka, Central Province, Kandy District, Meemure, 7°25’51”N 80°50’44”E, 636m, 20 October 2014, leg. N. Athukorala et al., litter. Paratypes: 1♂ and 1♀ (IFS_Oon_242–243): from same locality and data as the holotype. Etymology. Named for the type locality, used as a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Males can be easily recognized by the small pointed dorsal projection on the blunt palpal tip (Fig. 9 A). Females can be recognized by the triangular projection above the posterior spiracular groove as in B. cardamom Platnick et al., 2011 (Figs. 9 C, D). B. cardamom is not known to occur in Sri Lanka. Description. Description based on the types. MALE: Body length 1.38. Coloration: carapace usually orange-brown, sternum and mouthparts orange-brown, abdominal scuta orange-brown, abdominal inter scutal region not visible, fully covered with dorsal and ventral scuta; legs pale orange; palps dark red-brown. Carapace: broadly heart-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 7 A), sides striated, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view (Fig. 7 B), anteriorly slightly narrowed, posterolateral edge without angular posterolateral corners, spikes and pits, lateral margin straight, enlarged setae present on carapace, chelicerae and clypeus, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 7 D). Clypeus: rebordered, straight in front view (Fig. 7 C). Eyes: six, well developed, ALE largest, oval, PME and PLE equal in size and oval. Labium: triangular shaped, fused to sternum, same as sternum sclerotization. Endite: distally not excavated, anteromedian part with stout projection, same as sternum sclerotization. Sternum: longer than wide, decorated with round pits, radial furrows consisting of rows of small pits present between coxa I–II, II–III and III–IV (Fig. 7 E). Abdomen: ovoid (Fig. 7 F), dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, cover full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above, epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, extend to pedicel region (Fig. 7 G), scuto-pedicel region with deeply W-shaped scutal ridge (scr in Fig. 8 A), thinner at middle but distinct, with small dorsolateral triangular extensions (pte in Fig. 8 A), book lung covers, large and elliptical, postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, long, semicircular, covering most part of the area and fused to epigastric scutum, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Spinnerets scutum present (sps in Fig. 8 B), short setae present. Legs: spineless. Sperm pore: small, situated at the level of anterior spiracles. Genitalia: distal portion of the bulb relatively large as cymbium, palpal bulb with blunt tip with small dorsally directed projection, middle of the bulb extends ventrally, base of the palpal bulb without triangular projection (Figs. 9 A, B). FEMALE: Body length: 1.40. Coloration and somatic morphology as in male. Pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, rounded posterior margin (Fig. 8 C). Genitalia: Postepigastric area with wide anteriorly directed triangular projection originating above posterior spiracular groove, posterior tube not visible (Figs. 9 C, D). Distribution. Known only from the type locality (L 29).Published as part of Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, Suresh P., 2016, A review of Sri Lankan Brignolia including the description of four new species (Araneae: Oonopidae), pp. 451-476 in Zootaxa 4144 (4) on pages 459-461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26749
Aprusia koslandensis Ranasinghe & Benjamin 2018, n. sp.
No full text<i>Aprusia koslandensis</i> n. sp. <p>(Figures 1, 2)</p> <p> <i>Type material</i></p> <p> <i>Holotype.</i> 1 ♂ (IFS _Oon_137): Sri Lanka: Badulla District, 189th mile post, between Koslanda and Beragala, 06°44ʹ48.4ʺN 80°57ʹ56.3ʺE, 1370 m, 1 January 2012, S. P. Benjamin <i>et al</i>., litter. Deposited in ZFMK. <i>Paratypes</i>. 3 ♀ (IFS _Oon_134–136): same locality and data as holotype.</p> <p> <i>Other material examined.</i> 5 ♀ (IFS _Oon_138–142): same locality and data as holotype. 1 ♀ (IFS _ Oon _207): Sri Lanka: Badulla District, Namunukula, along Passara / Ella road, 06° 52ʹN 81°7ʹE, 1838 m, 22 January 2014, leg. S. P. Benjamin and N. Athukorala; 27 February 2015, leg. S. P. Benjamin, N. Athukorala, litter. 1♀ (IFS _ Oon _142): Sri Lanka: Badulla District, Bandarawela, 06°50ʹ59.5ʺN 81°00ʹ48.1ʺE, 1042 m, 31 December 2011, S. P. Benjamin <i>et al</i>., litter. Deposited in ZFMK.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i></p> <p>Males can be identified by the narrowed, elongated bulb, without tiny conical projection, the slightly curved embolus with a bifid end and a conductor (Figure 2 (b)). Females are recognized by a relatively short anterior receptaculum (Figure 2 (c)).</p> <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p> <i>Male.</i> Body length: 1.72. Cephalothorax as in Figure 1 (a), pars cephalica strongly elevated, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth sides smooth. Eyes (Figure 1 (a)), all eyes subequal, circular, ALE-ALE and PME-PME touching, ALE-PLE separated by less than their radius. Sternum longer than wide (Figure 1 (c)), without radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, surface smooth, with small hairs and few small pits, continuous margin (see arrow in Figure 1 (c)), anterior margin concave, posterior margin extending posteriorly of coxae IV, distance between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV approximately equal.</p> <p>Abdomen as in Figure 1 (e). Dorsal scutum sclerotized, pale orange, without colour pattern, covering about 3/4 of abdomen (Figure 1 (e)), more than 1/2 to most of abdomen width, not fused to epigastric scutum. Postepigastric scutum sclerotized, pale orange, almost rectangular, covering about 1/2 of abdominal length, fused to epigastric scutum. Two brown patches located above the spinnerets. Legs strong spines on leg I and II present, leg I: femur, pv0–0–1–1–1; tibia, v2–2–2–2–2–0; metatarsus, v2–2–0; leg II: femur, pv0–0–0–1–1, tibia, v2–2–2–2–2–0, metatarsus, v2–2–0, claw like setae present on leg III and IV.</p> <p>Genitalia. Sperm pore large, circular, situated at level of anterior spiracles. Palp not strongly sclerotized, femur more than two times longer than patella, three trichobothria on tibia. Cymbium pale orange, completely fused with bulb, no seam visible, with distal patch of setae, distal part without tiny conical projection (Figure 2 (a)). Bulb narrowed, elongated (Figure 2 (a)). Embolus slightly curved with a conductor which is shorter than (3/4 of) the embolus (Figure 2 (a), 2(b)).</p> <p> <i>Female.</i> Body length: 2.04. As in male except as noted. Female palpal claws and spines absent, tarsus smooth. Abdomen ovoid, posterior spiracles connected by groove. Dorsal scutum covering 3/4 of abdomen (Figure 1 (f)). Postepigastric scutum only around epigastric furrow, not fused to epigastric scutum.</p> <p>Genitalia. Ventral view: anterior margin of postepigastric scutum with a thin, procurved sclerotized ridge (see arrow in Figure 1 (g)). Dorsal view: short anterior receptaculum, with a narrow lumen, without bracket-shaped semicircular sclerotized ridges, apparently without posterior receptaculum (Figure 2 (c)).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i></p> <p>The specific name is taken from the type locality.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i></p> <p>Koslanda, Beragala, Namunukula and Bandarawela (Figure 11).</p>Published as part of <i>Ranasinghe, U. G. S. L. & Benjamin, Suresh P., 2018, Three new species of Aprusia (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Sri Lanka with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus, pp. 713-738 in Journal of Natural History 52 (11 - 12)</i> on pages 716-720, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1444803, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4747000">http://zenodo.org/record/4747000</a>
Mechanism for increased leaf growth in elevated CO2
No full textThe effect of exposure to elevated CO2 on the processes of leaf cell production and leaf cell expansion was studied using primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cell division and expansion were separated temporally by exposing seedlings to dim red light for 10 d (when leaf cell division was completed) followed by exposure to bright white light for 14 d (when leaf growth was entirely dependent on cell expansion). When plants were exposed to elevated CO2 during the phase of cell expansion, epidermal cell size and leaf area development were stimulated. Three pieces of evidence suggest that this occurred as a result of increased cell wall loosening and extensibility, (i) cell wall extensibility (WEx, measured as tensiometric extension using an Instron) was significantly increased, (ii) cell wall yield turgor (V, MPa) was reduced and (iii) xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) enzyme activity was significantly increased. When plants were exposed to elevated CO2 during the phase of cell division, the number of epidermal cells was increased whilst final cell size was significantly reduced and this was associated with reduced final leaf area, WEx and XET activity. When plants were exposed to elevated CO2 during both phases of cell division and expansion, leaf area development was not affected. For this treatment, however, the number of epidermal cells was increased, but cell expansion was inhibited, despite exposure to elevated CO2 during the expansion phase. Assessments were also made of the spatial patterns of WEx across the expanding leaf lamina and the data suggest that exposure to elevated CO2 during the phase of leaf expansion may lead to enhanced extensibility particularly at basal leaf margins which may result in altered leaf shape.The data show that both cell production and expansion were stimulated by elevated CO2, but that leaf growth was only enhanced by exposure to elevated CO2 in the cell expansion phase of leaf development. Increased leaf cell expansion is, therefore, an important mechanism for enhanced leaf growth in elevated CO2, whilst the importance of increased leaf cell production in elevated CO2 remains to be elucidated
Labeo heladiva Sudasinghe & Ranasinghe & Goonatilake & Meegaskumbura 2018, new species
No full text<i>Labeo heladiva,</i> new species <p>(Figures 2–3)</p> <p> <i>Labeo dussumieri</i> (from Sri Lanka, not Valenciennes, 1842): Günther, 1868: 59; Day, 1889: 262; Duncker, 1912: 261; Deraniyagala, 1952: 41; Munro, 1955: 46; Mendis & Fernando, 1962: 117; Senanayake, 1980: 146; Pethiyagoda, 1991:</p> <p>82; Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 206; Jayaram & Dhas, 2000: 22.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Holotype</b>: 2018.08.01.NH, 134 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Attanagalu Oya basin: Uruwal Oya, 7°03'09"N 80°03'09"E, 17 m asl. H. Sudasinghe and R.H.T. Ranasinghe. Apr 2017.</p> <p> <i>……continued on the next page ……continued on the next page</i></p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>: DZ 3821, DZ 3148, DZ 3166, DZ 3168, 7, 108– 122 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Polonnaruwa: Amban river, 7°51'53"N 80°59'29"E, 54 m asl. H. Sudasinghe. Jun 2015; UPZM uncatalogued, 10, 201– 257 mm SL, Sri Lanka.</p> <p> <b>Other material</b>: Identified but not included in morphometric data. WHT 7904, 70.7 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Kala Oya basin, Eluwankulama; WHT 9258, 21, 73.9–117 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Polonnaruwa; WHT 30837, 133 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Seruwila; WHT 30863, 277 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Wasgamuwa.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> is distinguished from all Sri Lankan and peninsular-Indian congeners by the combination of the following characters: two pairs of barbels (maxillary and rostral); dorsal fin with 12–13 branched rays; lateral line with 44–51 scales; scales in transverse series ½8–½9+1+6–7; circumpeduncular scales 19–22; eye diameter 18.4–24.4 % HL; in life, 6–7 rows of scales on side of body above and between tip of pectoral fin and origin of anal fin with orange-colored patches, giving the appearance of an orange blotch; upper and lower margins of scales on the side of the body dark-pigmented, forming 9–13 hazy lines.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> For general appearance, see Figure 2; morphometric data are provided in Table 3. Maximum size 277 mm SL. Caudal peduncle short, its depth 73.4–97.1 % its length. Eyes medium-sized (18.4–21.5 % HL in specimens> 200 mm SL, 21.6–24.4 % HL in specimens <200 mm SL), located dorsolaterally, but visible in ventral view.</p> <p>Rostral fold poorly developed, slightly overlapping upper lip. Tubercles conoid, tuberculation prominent on rhinal, rostral, infraorbital fields; minute tuberculation on preorbital field (Figure 3). Upper labial fold with prominent lobed papillae in 4–5 rows; lower labial fold with prominent lobed papillae in 2–3 rows (Fig. 3C). Maxillary barbel embedded in lip fold, tip externally visible. Rostral barbel located on medial margin of rostral flap. Maxillary barbel longer than rostral, just reaching vertical through anterior-most point of nares.</p> <p>Dorsal fin with two simple and 12 (9) or 13 (4) branched rays; first simple ray stiff, about half length of second. Pectoral fin with one simple and 14 (2), 15 (6) or 16 (6) branched rays. Pelvic fin with one simple and eight (14) branched rays. Origin of pelvic fin beneath 4th branched ray of dorsal fin. Anal fin with two simple and five (13) branched rays; first simple ray stiff, less than half length of second simple ray. Caudal fin forked, with 9+9 (2) or 9+8 (9) branched rays in upper and lower lobe, respectively. Upper caudal-fin lobe slightly longer than lower.</p> <p>Lateral line complete, with 44 (2), 45 (6), 46 (6), 47 (8), 48 (8), 49 (6), 50 (4) or 51 (2) + 1–3 scales. Scales in transverse series ½8+1+6 (11), ½8+1+6½ (6), ½8+1+7 (7), ½8+1+7½ (1), 9+1+6 (5), 9+1+6½ (3), 9+1+7 (2), ½9+1+6½ (1) or ½9+1+7 (5). Predorsal scales 19 (1), 20 (4), 21 (11) or 22 (2). Prepelvic scales 30 (1), 32 (1), 33 (1), 34 (2), 35 (2), 36 (1), 37 (3), 38 (3). Circumpeduncular scales 19 (1), 20 (10), 21 (24), 22 (7).</p> <p> <b>Coloration.</b> In 70% alcohol (Fig. 2B): head and body dull greyish brown dorsally, becoming lighter laterally, off-white ventrally. All fins with greyish-black melanophores along rays. Interradial membrane of fins darker than rays. Tubercles white. Black blotch at caudal peduncle about seven scales long, five high. Lateral body with 9–13 hazy black lines, extending from opercular membrane to caudal peduncle (these lines result from the fusion of black pigments on the dorsal and ventral scale margins).</p> <p>In life (Fig. 2A): dorsally silvery grey, becoming lighter laterally. Venter white. Six to seven rows of scales on sides of body above and between distal margin of pectoral fin and origin of anal fin with orange-colored patches, giving the appearance of a vague orange blotch. Black blotch at caudal peduncle, about seven scales long, five scales high. Dorsal, caudal, pectoral fins dull greyish-brown to hyaline. Pelvic and anal fins lighter (or hyaline), with dark pigmentation at their bases. Tubercles whitish. Side of body with 9–13, hazy black lines, extending from opercular membrane to caudal peduncle, along dorsal and ventral margin of scales.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name, <i>heladiva</i>, is a historical Sinhala name for Sri Lanka; applied as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Comparative morphometrics.</b> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> is distinguished from <i>L. fisheri</i> by having 44–51 (vs. 37–39: Fig. 4A) lateral line scales; a count of ½8–½9+1+6–7½ (vs. 7–8+1+4½–6: Fig. 4B) scales in transverse series; 19– 22 (vs. 17–20: Fig. 4D) circumpeduncular scales; and 2–3 (vs. 4–5) rows of prominent lobed papillae on the lower labial fold. It differs from the only other species of <i>Labeo</i> native to Sri Lanka, <i>L. lankae</i>, by having a greater lateralline scale count (44–51 vs. 36–39: Fig. 4A); and rows of 2–3 (vs. 4–5) prominent lobed papillae on the lower labial fold.</p> <p> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> can be distinguished from <i>L. rohita</i> (now naturalized in Sri Lanka), by having 44–51 (vs. 38– 40) lateral-line scales and ½8–½9 (vs. ½6–½7) scales between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line.</p> <p> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> can be distinguished from the South Indian <i>L. dussumieri</i>, its closest congener, by possessing longer rostral barbels (5.5–10.2% HL vs. 4.0–5.1%); 44–51 vs. 50–60 lateral-line scales; 19–22 vs. 22–27 circumpeduncular scales; and 5–6½ vs 6½–7½ scales from the lateral line to the anal-fin origin.</p> <p> Seven other peninsular-Indian species of <i>Labeo</i> are considered to be valid (Eschmeyer <i>et al</i>. 2017): <i>Labeo potail</i> (Sykes), <i>L. porcellus</i> (Heckel), <i>L. boggut</i> (Sykes), <i>L. fimbriatus</i> (Bloch), <i>L. kawrus</i> (Sykes), <i>L. kontius</i> (Jerdon) and <i>L. nigrescens</i> Day. In addition, Jayaram & Dhas (2000) recorded <i>L. boga</i> (Hamilton), <i>L. calbasu</i> (Hamilton), <i>L. dyocheilus</i> (McClelland), <i>L. gonius</i> (Hamilton) and <i>L. pangusia</i> (Hamilton) from peninsular India.</p> <p> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> differs from <i>L. porcellus</i>, <i>L. potail</i>, <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. kawrus</i>, <i>L. kontius</i>, <i>L. nigrescens</i>, <i>L. boga</i>, <i>L. gonius</i> and <i>L. pangusia</i> by having 44–51 lateral-line scales (vs. 36–37 in <i>L. porcellus</i>; 39–41 in <i>L. potail</i>; 55–65 in <i>L. boggut</i>; 38 in <i>L. kawrus</i>; 30–42 in <i>L. kontius</i>; 36–37 in <i>L. nigrescens</i>; 37–39 in <i>L. boga</i>; 65–80 in <i>L. gonius</i>; and 40–42 in <i>L. pangusia</i>). <i>Labeo heladiva</i> further differs from <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. kawrus</i>, <i>L. boga</i>, <i>L. dyocheilus</i>, <i>L. pangusia</i>, and <i>L. potail</i> by having two pairs of barbels (vs. a single pair, except in <i>L. potail</i>, which altogether lacks barbels). The new species can be distinguished from <i>L. porcellus</i>, <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. fimbriatus</i>, <i>L. nigrescens</i>, <i>L. boga</i>, <i>L. calbasu</i>, and <i>L. gonius</i> by having ½8–½9+1+6–7½ scales in transverse series (vs. ½6–½7+1+½ 5–6 in <i>L. porcellus</i>; ½10–12+1+8½– 9 in <i>L. boggut</i>; ½9–10+1+6½–7½ in <i>L. fimbriatus</i>; ½6–½7+1+5½ in <i>L. nigrescens</i>; 7– ½7+1+5–5½ in <i>L. boga</i>; ½7–½9+1+5½–6½ in <i>L. calbasu</i>; 12–14+1+10½– 13 in <i>L. gonius</i>). Further, <i>L. heladiva</i> differs from <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. fimbriatus</i>; <i>L. kawrus</i>, <i>L. nigrescens</i>; <i>L. boga</i>; <i>L. dyocheilus</i>; and <i>L. gonius</i> by having 12– 13 branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 9–10 in <i>L. boggut</i>; 15–19 in <i>L. fimbriatus</i>; 9 in <i>L. kawrus</i>; 14 in <i>L. nigrescens</i>; 8–9 in <i>L. boga</i>; 9–10 in <i>L. dyocheilus</i>; and 14–16 in <i>L. gonius</i>).</p> <p> <b> Reconstruction of haplotype network for <i>Labeo dussumieri</i> and <i>L. heladiva.</i></b> The two TCS networks for the COI and cytb genes formed two clearly-separated haplotype groups for the Sri Lankan <i>L</i>. <i>heladiva</i> and the Indian <i>L. dussumieri</i>, with no sharing of haplotypes between the two species (Figure 5). In Sri Lanka, the wet zone (H 1 in the two networks) and dry zone populations (H2 and H3) of <i>L. heladiva</i> formed two distinct groups with 5 and 15 mutations for COI and cytb, respectively. The Indian <i>L. dussumieri</i> is more divergent from the Sri Lanka wet-zone population of <i>L. heladiva</i> than the Sri Lankan dry zone population for the cytb genes (25 mutations, vs. 20). However, for COI, the Indian population of <i>L. dussumieri</i> showed a greater divergence from the Sri Lankan dry zone population of <i>L. heladiva</i> than the wet zone (10 vs 7 mutations). <i>Labeo rajasthanicus</i> Datta & Majumdar, a species recently validated by Lal <i>et al</i>. (2015) is morphologically and genetically similar to <i>L. dussumieri</i>. However, <i>L. rajasthanicus</i> is divergent from <i>L. heladiva</i> by a minimum of 10 mutations for the COI gene.</p>Published as part of <i>Sudasinghe, Hiranya, Ranasinghe, R. H. Tharindu, Goonatilake, Sampath Alwis & Meegaskumbura, Madhava, 2018, A review of the genus Labeo (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4486 (3)</i> on pages 204-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437022">http://zenodo.org/record/1437022</a>
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