4 research outputs found
Review of oral cholera vaccines: efficacy in young children
No full textCristina Masuet Aumatell1, JM Ramon Torrell1, Jane N Zuckerman21International Health Centre, Preventive Medicine Department, Bellvitge Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; 2World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference, Research and Training in Travel Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UKBackground: Young children are one of the most vulnerable groups who may be infected with cholera. The following literature review of the efficacy of the currently available cholera vaccines provides a clear evidence base for the clinical administration of cholera vaccine, particularly in an epidemic situation.Aim: To assess the efficacy of oral cholera vaccines in preventing cases of cholera in young children.Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken for the period 1983 to 2011 using PubMed and the search terms “oral cholera vaccines,” “children,” and “efficacy,” limited to “clinical trials” and “human studies”.Results: Oral cholera vaccine provides an acceptable level of protection in young children, with the level of protection being greater at 12 or 24 months following immunization.Conclusions: Children exposed to a potential risk of cholera are recommended to be vaccinated with an oral cholera vaccine, irrespective of whether its constituents include the B subunit.Keywords: efficacy, oral cholera vaccine, childre
Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in chronically immunosuppressed adults following renal transplant: a phase iii, randomized clinical trial
No full textBackground
The incidence of herpes zoster is up to 9 times higher in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients than in the general population. We investigated the immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in renal transplant (RT) recipients ≥18 years of age receiving daily immunosuppressive therapy.
Methods
In this phase 3, randomized (1:1), observer-blind, multicenter trial, RT recipients were enrolled and received 2 doses of RZV or placebo 1–2 months (M) apart 4–18M posttransplant. Anti–glycoprotein E (gE) antibody concentrations, gE-specific CD4 T-cell frequencies, and vaccine response rates were assessed at 1M post–dose 1, and 1M and 12M post–dose 2. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were recorded for 7 and 30 days after each dose, respectively. Solicited general symptoms and unsolicited AEs were also collected 7 days before first vaccination. Serious AEs (including biopsy-proven allograft rejections) and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were recorded up to 12M post–dose 2.
Results
Two hundred sixty-four participants (RZV: 132; placebo: 132) were enrolled between March 2014 and April 2017. gE-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were higher in RZV than placebo recipients across postvaccination time points and persisted above prevaccination baseline 12M post–dose 2. Local AEs were reported more frequently by RZV than placebo recipients. Overall occurrences of renal function changes, rejections, unsolicited AEs, serious AEs, and pIMDs were similar between groups.
Conclusions
RZV was immunogenic in chronically immunosuppressed RT recipients. Immunogenicity persisted through 12M postvaccination. No safety concerns arose.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Cariogenic diet consumption during lockdown
No full textBackground: During stressful situations such as pandemic-associated lockdowns, individuals' diets may change towards (cariogenic) 'comfort food'. This study assessed the dietary patterns during the lockdown in the Colombian population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was designed. A convenience sample of 489 adults was drawn, with 50% of them being in COVID-19 lockdown and the other being not or only partially in lockdown. The questionnaire collected data about the type and frequency of food consumed, with a special focus on cariogenic (i.e., rich in free sugars and starches) food. Descriptive analyses were performed, and a generalised linear model was estimated to predict the frequency of cariogenic diet consumption in this period of time. Results: Sweet whole wheat bread (38.2%, p = 0.005), flavoured milk (26.4%, p = 0.002), sugar-sweetened bubble gums (39.8%, p = 0.001), toffees (35.4%, p = 0.004), soft candies (e.g., gums) (35.4%, p = 0.018), chocolates (55.3%, p = 0.017), filled doughnuts (28.5%, p = 0.013) or grapes (51.2%, p = 0.002) were significantly consumed more during the lockdown. Multivariable generalised linear modelling showed being single, having children and being in lockdown were significantly associated with higher frequency of cariogenic food consumption. Conclusions: Lockdown was found to be associated with detrimentally altered food consumption patterns and, specifically, a more cariogenic diet. Healthcare professionals should consider this when reopening services, and political decision-makers may want to reflect on the unwarranted side effect of lockdown.Introduction
Methods
Study, participants and settings
Measures
Cariogenic diet
Lockdown
Socio‐demographic variables
Data collection
Statistical evaluation
Results
Participant characteristics
Cariogenic diet
Discussion
Limitations
ConclusionsEpidemiología de las Enfermedades Orales y Cranio-Faciale
Sero-Survey von Masernvirus-Antikörpern bei symptomatischen Kindern im Abuja Lehrkrankenhaus, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Nigeria is one of the countries with a high prevalence of measles outbreak in children under 5 years old, despite a history of vaccination. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anti-measles virus IgM and IgG among children under 5 years attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria.Materials and methods : Whole blood was collected, centrifuged, and serum anti-IgM and anti-IgG against measles virus was analysed using ELISA. Sociodemographic variables and vaccination history of subjects were obtained by interview-based questionnaires.Results: The overall anti-Measles virus IgG and IgM seroprevalences were 29.2% and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of measles IgG was significantly associated with the parent's employment status (X 2 =11.67, p=0.008). However, the prevalence of measles virus IgM was significantly associated with children's age (X 2 =16.62, p=0.002), parents' employment status and children's vaccination status (X 2 =7.72, p=0.02).Conclusion: A majority of study participants were not immunised against measles, and a significant number of participants had serological evidence of acute measles virus infection. There is a need for more concerted and massive measles vaccination of children.Zielsetzung: Nigeria ist eines der Länder mit einer hohen Masernprävalenz bei Kindern unter 5 Jahren trotz früherer Impfung. Deshalb sollte die Prävalenz der Masernviren-Antikörper IgM und IgG bei Kindern unter 5 Jahren, die das University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria, zur Untersuchung konsultierten, ermittelt werden.Material und Methode : Vollblut wurde zentrifugiert und das Serum Anti-IgM und Anti-IgG gegen das Masernvirus mittels ELISA analysiert. Mittels interviewbasierter Fragebögen wurden soziodemographische Variablen und die Impfanamnesen der Probanden erhoben.Ergebnisse: Die Gesamtseroprävalenz der Anti-Masernviren IgG und IgM betrug 29,2% bzw. 14,6%. Die Prävalenz der Masern-IgG-Antikörper war signifikant mit dem Beschäftigungsstatus der Eltern assoziiert (p=0,008). Die Prävalenz den Masernvirus-IgM-Antikörper war signifikant mit dem Alter der Kinder (p=0,002), dem Beschäftigungsstatus der Eltern und dem Impfstatus der Kinder (p=0,02) assoziiert.Schlussfolgerung: Die Mehrheit der Studienteilnehmer war nicht immun gegen Masern, und eine signifikante Anzahl von Teilnehmern hatte serologische Hinweise auf eine akute Masernvirusinfektion. Daher besteht Bedarf an einer konzertierten, massiven Masernimpfung von Kindern
