749 research outputs found
Similarities between 2D and 3D convection for large Prandtl number
No full textUsing direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC), we perform a comparative study of the spectra and fluxes of energy and entropy for large and infinite Prandtl numbers in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. We observe close similarities between the 2D and 3D RBC, in particular the kinetic energy spectrum , and the entropy spectrum exhibits a dual branch with a dominant spectrum. We showed that the dominant Fourier modes in the 2D and 3D flows are very close
EXTENDED INVERSE THEOREMS FOR RESTRICTED SUMSET IN INTEGERS
No full textLet h and k be positive integers such that h ≤ k. Let A = {a0, a1, …, ak−1 } be a nonempty finite set of k integers. The h-fold sumset, denoted by hA, is a set of integers that can be expressed as a sum of h elements (not necessarily distinct) of A. The restricted h-fold sumset, denoted by h∧ A, is a set of integers that can be expressed as a sum of h distinct elements of A. The characterization of the underlying set for small deviation from the minimum size of the sumset is called an extended inverse problem. Freiman studied such a problem and proved a theorem for 2A, which is known as Freiman’s 3k − 4 theorem. Very recently, Tang and Xing, and Mohan and Pandey studied some more extended inverse problems for the sumset hA, where h ≥ 2. In this article, we prove some extended inverse theorems for sumsets 2∧ A, 3∧ A and 4∧ A. In particular, we classify the set(s) A for which |2∧ A| = 2k − 2, |2∧ A| = 2k − 1, and |2∧ A| = 2k. Furthermore, we also classify set(s) A when |3∧ A| = 3k − 7, |3∧ A| = 3k − 6, and |4∧ A| = 4k − 14
Some direct and inverse problems for the Restricted Signed sumset in set of integers
Get PDFGiven a positive integer and a nonempty finite set of integers
, the restricted -fold signed sumset of ,
denoted by , is defined as The direct problem associated
with this sumset is to find the optimal lower bound of ,
and the inverse problem associated with this sumset is to determine the
structure of the underlying set , when attains the
optimal lower bound. Bhanja, Komatsu and Pandey studied the direct and inverse
problem for the restricted -fold signed sumset for , and and
conjectured some direct and inverse results for . In this paper, we
prove these conjectures for . We also prove the direct and inverse
theorems for arbitrary under certain restrictions on the set which are
particular cases of the conjectures. Moreover, we prove these conjectures for
arithmetic progressions.Comment: 27 page
Displacement field measurements in traditional and rotational diamond anvil cells
Get PDFA digital image correlation-based method has been developed to measure the displacement field during compression in a traditional diamond anvil cell (DAC) and torsion in rotational DAC (RDAC) employing ruby fluorescence microscopy imaging. The optical arrangements for these measurements are adaptable at any commercial or customized micro-confocal system used for in situ high-pressure Raman or ruby fluorescence spectroscopy. In this paper, we describe details of the setup developed at Iowa State University along with a few demonstrative measurements for a zirconium sample. In particular, under compression in DAC, no adhesion zone is found, and relative sliding increases almost linearly along the radius. During torsion in RDAC, actual angular displacement of the material is found to be 5 times smaller than the rotation angle of an anvil, which is routinely used in the definition of the plastic shear for the determination of stress–strain curves and plastic strain-induced kinetics of phase transformations and grain refinement in materials. Obtained displacements can be used as the boundary conditions for finite element method (FEM) simulations of processes in DAC and RDAC instead of hypothetical friction conditions. After iterative fitting of FEM simulations and all measured fields from x-ray diffraction and absorption experiments, this will allow us to more precisely determine contact friction conditions and material parameters in the constitutive equations for elastoplastic flow and strain-induced phase transformations.This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Pandey, K. K., and Valery I. Levitas. "Displacement field measurements in traditional and rotational diamond anvil cells." Journal of Applied Physics 129, no. 11 (2021): 115901 and may be found at DOI: 10.1063/5.0044030. Posted with permission.</p
GTL Based Internet of Things Enable Processor Specific RAM Design on 65nm FPGA
No full textIn this work, we are making Energy Efficient Internet of Things (IoTs) Enable RAM. In order to make it energy efficient, we are using Gunning Transceiver Logic (GTL) IO Standard and Gunning Transceiver Logic Plus (GTLP). We are using the 4 different members of GTL and GTLP IO standards family and searching the most energy efficient among them. We observed that when we use 3.6 GHz operating frequency, there is 90.2% reduction in I/O power when we used GTL instead of GTLP_DCI. We are inserting 128-bit IP address in RAM to make internet of things enable RAM. Finally, we are operating our IOTs Enable RAM with different operating frequency of I3, I5, I7, Moto-E and Moto-X
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat forebrain that bind ¹⁸F-nifene: relating PET imaging, autoradiography, and behavior
No full textNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain are important for cognitive function; however, their specific role in relevant brain regions remains unclear. In this study, we used the novel compound ¹⁸F-nifene to examine the distribution of nAChRs in the rat forebrain, and for individual animals related the results to behavioral performance on an auditory-cognitive task. We first show negligible binding of ¹⁸F-nifene in mice lacking the β2 nAChR subunit, consistent with previous findings that ¹⁸F-nifene binds to α4β2* nAChRs. We then examined the distribution of ¹⁸F-nifene in rat using three methods: in vivo PET, ex vivo PET and autoradiography. Generally, ¹⁸F-nifene labeled forebrain regions known to contain nAChRs, and the three methods produced similar relative binding among regions. Importantly, ¹⁸F-nifene also labeled some white matter (myelinated axon) tracts, most prominently in the temporal subcortical region that contains the auditory thalamocortical pathway. Finally, we related ¹⁸F-nifene binding in several forebrain regions to each animal's performance on an auditory-cued, active avoidance task. The strongest correlations with performance after 14 days training were found for ¹⁸F-nifene binding in the temporal subcortical white matter, subiculum, and medial frontal cortex (correlation coefficients, r > 0.8); there was no correlation with binding in the auditory thalamus or auditory cortex. These findings suggest that individual performance is linked to nicotinic functions in specific brain regions, and further support a role for nAChRs in sensory-cognitive function.Peer reviewedAuthor's Manuscript is also available open access in PubMed Central: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292694.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bieszczad, K. M., Kant, R., Constantinescu, C. C., Pandey, S. K., Kawai, H. D., Metherate, R., Weinberger, N. M. and Mukherjee, J. (2012), Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat forebrain that bind 18F-nifene: Relating PET imaging, autoradiography, and behavior. Synapse, 66: 418–434. doi: 10.1002/syn.21530, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.21530. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
Soluble Fraction of Trichosanthes diocia Peroxidase in Decolorization of Reactive Orange 15
Get PDFSalt fractionated proteins from Trichosanthes diocia was used to study decolorization of Reactive Orange 15 under multifarious experimental conditions like pH, temperature, time interval, enzyme concentration and in the presence of redox mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT)/ vanillin. T. diocia peroxidase showed extensive decolorization of Reactive Orange15 in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) / vanillin. The dye was decolorized effectively with HOBT and so further studies were performed in the presence of HOBT. At an enzyme concentration of 0.45 EUmL-1 the peroxidase was able to remove the reactive dye up to a maximum of 94.6% with 1.0 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Maximum decolorization was achieved at a temperature of 40°C, pH 5.0 and with an incubation period of 90 min. Thus, the data indicates that T. diocia peroxidase could be a potential source for developing an inexpensive and efficient method for the treatment of recalcitrant Reactive Orange15 dyes that are potentially toxic. ---Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST & UGC-SAP Supported), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, U.P. (India)---Please Cite This Article As: Farrukh Jamal, Tabish Qidwai and Prabhash K Pandey. 2010. Soluble Fraction of Trichosanthes diocia Peroxidase in Decolorization of Reactive Orange 15. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(5):36-41.Â
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
Get PDFThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
Fabrication of a simple apparatus for the Seebeck coefficient measurement in temperature range 300-600 K
No full textOn the lonely runner conjecture
Get PDFsummary:Suppose runners having nonzero distinct constant speeds run laps on a unit-length circular track. The Lonely Runner Conjecture states that there is a time at which a given runner is at distance at least from all the others. The conjecture has been already settled up to seven () runners while it is open for eight or more runners. In this paper the conjecture has been verified for four or more runners having some particular speeds using elementary tools
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