54 research outputs found
Economic Viability of Rainwater Harvesting by Renovating Village Ponds in Small Agricultural Watershed of Johranpur (HP)
No full textThe study has evaluated the benefits and financial structure of the project in the village Johranpur, district Solan (Himachal Pradesh) where a project under the NATP on ‘Rainwater Management on Micro Watershed basis’ was undertaken in the year 2000. It has also studied the extent of employment generated by the project and has assessed the changes in the land-use pattern in the project area. The results have revealed that technology of diverting run-off from agricultural fields to renovated ponds and its recycling to the same area with peoples’ participation and other technological interventions could produce remarkable results and have tripled the net agricultural income. The project was implemented at an initial cost of 9.21 lakhs and farmers incurred additional annual cost on inputs ranging from Rs 4963 to Rs 6346 per hectare due to supplemental irrigation, increased cropping intensity and higher input-use. The benefit cost ratio has been found as 1.71 using a discount value of 10 per cent for the project-life of 10 years. The project has also helped in generating additional employment opportunities on casual as well as regular basis.Agricultural and Food Policy,
Impact of no-till and mulching on soil carbon sequestration under rice (Oryza sativa L.)-rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. var. rapeseed) cropping system in hilly agro-ecosystem of the Eastern Himalayas, India
No full textDecline in soil organic carbon (SOC) and low biomass production in sloping uplands are of growing concern for sustainable agriculture worldwide. This concern is in general in the Eastern Himalayan regions (EHR) of India in particular. A field experiment was conducted with the objectives to generate additional biomass andsequester more C in coarse-textured sloping lands. This experiment is done for four consecutive years in the EHR, India. The rice (Oryza sativa L.)–rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. var. rapeseed) cropping system was practiced during the first two years (2012-13 to 2013-14) and rice–rapeseed–cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) system during the two following years (2014-15 to 2015-16) of the study under different tillage and mulch systems. The tillage system included: 1) CT-RI: conventional tillage (CT) with 100% residue incorporation (RI) and 2) NT-RR: no-till (NT) with 100% residue retention (RR). The mulches included 1) rice straw mulch (SM), 2) Gliricidia sp. mulch (GM), 3) brown manuring mulch (BM)–cowpea grown as intercrop with rice up to 40 days after sowing (DAS), killed with 2,4-D and 4) no mulch (NM). The cowpea, as a cover crop was introduced during 2014 and 2015 as prerainy season crop before the sowing of rice to generate additional biomass in the system. The four year total above ground biomass yield of rice and rapeseed didn’t vary significantly between CT-RI (31.93 and 17.40 Mg
ha−1) and NT-RR (31.86 and 17.46 Mg ha−1), respectively. However, the total above ground biomass yield of cowpea was more under NT-RR (10.75 Mg ha−1) when compared to that under CT-RI (9.79 Mg ha−1). The amount of total biomass (above + below ground) and C added into the soil was more under NT-RR than that under the CT-RI. After 4 cropping cycles, the NT-RR had higher SOC concentration, pool (29.9 vs. 29.1 Mg ha−1), sequestration rate (450 vs. 265 kg ha-1 yr−1) and C retention efficiency (7.7 vs. 4.6%) than those under the CT-RI at 0–30 cm depth. The mulched plots produced more crop biomass (both above and below ground), recycled more C in soils with a trend of relatively more SOC pool (29.7–29.8 vs. 29.0 Mg ha−1), sequestration rate (391–428 vs. 221 kg ha-1 yr−1) and C retention efficiency (6.64–6.94% vs. 4.66%) than those of NM treatment. These results were seen despite difference among the mulch treatments (SM, GM and BM) which were statistically non-significant after 4 cropping cycles. Inclusion of cowpea as cover crop during pre-rainy season in the system doubled the rate of C sequestration (478 kg C ha-1 yr−1). Therefore, the data supports the recommendation of cultivation of the rice–rapeseed system under NT-RR along with cowpea intercropping up to 40 DAS (BM) in rice. Besides this, the inclusion of pre-rainy season cowpea before rice could generate additional biomass and enhance SOC sequestration on upland and sloping hills in the EHR of India and in similar conditions elsewhere
HIGH-SPIN TRIAXIAL STRONGLY DEFORMED STRUCTURES AND QUASIPARTICLE ALIGNMENTS IN 168Hf
No full textThis dissertation research consists of two parts: (i) investigation of quasiparticle alignments at high-spins and (ii) identification of triaxial strongly deformed structures in 168Hf. A γ-ray spectroscopy study was carried out, as well as lifetime measurements using the Doppler-shift Attenuation Method (DSAM). The two data sets used for this research were obtained from experiments at Argonne National Laboratory employing the reaction 96Zr(76Ge, 4n). The decay γ-rays were measured with the Gammasphere Compton-suppressed Ge spectrometer array. A self-supporting 96Zr foil ( thin target ) was used in the first experiment, while in the second experiment the 96Zr target material was evaporated onto a thick Au backing ( backed target or thick target ) to stop the recoiling nuclei for lifetime measurements. All previously known rotational bands have been extended to higher spins. Seven new normal-deformed bands, of which three are high-K bands, have been discovered. Neutron alignments were observed in all bands, and the proton alignments observed in several bands at the highest spin region (rotational frequency 0.55 - 0.6 MeV). The results are interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model (CSM). Intrinsic configurations for the new bands, up to six quasiparticles, are proposed. The co-existing coupling schemes, deformation and rotation alignment, involving identical orbitals at high spin are discussed for the high-K bands. Possible decay pathways associated with three previously proposed candidates for triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) structures in 168Hf have been investigated. The spin and excitation energy of the bandhead for the strongest band, TSD1, were determined approximately based on γ-ray coincidence relationships. Discrete links were established for the second band. The overall agreement between the observed properties of the bands and cranking calculations using the Ultimate Cranker code provides strong support for an interpretation where band TSD1 is associated with a TSD minimum, (ε2, γ) ~ (0.43, 20°), involving the π(i13/2)2 and the ν(j15/2) high-j orbitals. This constitutes the first identification of a TSD band in Hf isotopes, long-predicted by theoretical studies. The second band is understood as being associated with a near-prolate shape and a deformation enhanced with respect to the normal deformed bands. It is proposed to be built on the π(i13/2 h9/2)ν(i13/2)2 configuration. The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to measure lifetimes of yrast states. The deformation extracted from this measurement fits well with predictions from theoretical calculations
Participatory biodiversity monitoringin the buffer zone of Royal Bardia National Park
No full textAbstract on PDF</jats:p
An overview of Elephant Breeding Centre at Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal
No full textAbstract on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 25-33</jats:p
Facing north or south: Does slope aspect impact forest stand characteristics and soil properties in a semiarid trans-Himalayan valley?
No full textAn understanding of the differences in vegetation and soil characteristics between slope aspects in high altitude semiarid environments is fundamentally important for efficient management of these semi-natural systems; however, few studies have quantified these differences. Here, we analyzed forest stand characteristics, carbon stocks and soil properties of north- and south-facing slopes in a trans-Himalayan semiarid valley. Pinus wallichiana was the dominant and Juniperus indica the co-dominant species in both aspects, whereas Betula utilis and Abies spectabilis were only recorded in north-facing forests. Pinus regenerated in both aspects, whereas Juniperus did not. Carbon stocks did not differ between aspects; 33 t/ha in north-facing and 31 t/ha in south-facing forests. Similarly, soil properties did not vary between slope aspects, expect for potassium (highest in south-facing slopes). These results suggest that topographic factors affect mountain forests through their direct influence on radiation and moisture, but that human disturbance also plays a significant role affecting vegetation and soil characteristics in a semiarid environment. These natural and anthropogenic factors may play in harmony or in discord with each other. Here, the aridity of the region, parent material and land use history led to less pronounced differences between slope aspects, than commonly found in moister habitats
Improvement in spirometry and oxygenation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during pregnancy
No full textMAGNO BICYCLE
No full textThe main aim of our project is to present the idea of harnessing the various energy and use it in today’s existence of human life. Now-a-days there are so many vehicles on road, which consumes more fuel and also hazards our environment. It is our responsibility to reduce the consumption of fuel and its hazardous emission products. Taking this into consideration it is our small step towards reducing the use of more fuel consuming vehicles and attract the eye of people towards its alternatives i.e. Magno bicycle. So we intend to design a cycle which would run on an alternative source and also reducing human efforts. In our project we designed an alternative mode of transport for betterment of social and environment. Increasing demand for non-polluting mechanized transportation has revived the interest in our project “Magno bicycle”. However, the use of bicycles has been limited to very short trips. This report describes the design of an magnetic assisted bicycle that will extend the range of a typical rider. The rate of improvements in technologies is at an exponential level so we came up with our project. The system design is based on magnets placed at the back wheel of the bicycle. 
Study of dielectric and magnetic properties of (Bi0.5La0.5FeO3)(1-x)–(Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3)x solid solution
No full text
- …
