191 research outputs found
Perspektiven von zwei christlichen Gemeinden in Suva, Fidschi
No full textDas Christentum hat einen starken Einfluss auf das Leben der Pacific Islander. Dieser beschränkt sich nicht nur auf das tägliche Beten und die sonntäglichen Kirchgänge, sondern geht weit über den zu erwartenden Rahmen hinaus. Mit ihrer Forschung über den Einfluss des christlichen Glaubens auf den Umgang von Pacific Islandern mit dem globalen Klimawandel beleuchtet die Autorin, wie weitreichend und wirkungsstark das Christentum im alltäglichen Leben und Weltverständnis der Menschen verankert ist. Zudem zeigt sie auf, welches Potential Wissenschaftler innen, Pastoren und Gläubige dem Christentum zuschreiben, um die Bewohner Ozeaniens zu erreichen und zu einem aktiven und nachhaltiges Verständnis des globalen Klimawandels zu bemächtigen. Sie plädiert hierbei nicht nur für eine starke interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Natur-, Human- und Sozialwissenschaften, sondern auch für die Aufhebung der strikten Trennung zwischen Religion und Wissenschaft, um dem globalen Klimawandel holistisch zu betrachten, eine globale Ethik des Klimawandels zu entwickeln und praxisorientierte Forschung zu betreiben.Christianity is deeply embedded in the life of Pacific Islanders. The impact of Christianity on peoples’ lives goes far beyond their daily praying and visiting the Sunday church service. With her thesis on the significance of Christianity on dealing with climate change the author reveals the important and far reaching impact religion has on the daily routine and world view of the Pacific Islanders. She depicts the unique potential that scientists, pastors and fellow believers assign religion to reach and to empower the Pacific Islanders in an active understanding and handling of global climate change. Furthermore, the author advocates for an interdisciplinary collaboration of natural, human and social sciences as well as the abolition of the dualistic categories of religion and science in order to engage in a holistic examination of global climate change, to develop a global ethics of climate change, and to undertake practice-oriented research
DIDACTIC IDEAS AND PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPTS IN THE PARABLES OF XF C. GELLERT
No full text<p>This in the article<strong> </strong>Didactic ideas and pedagogical concepts in the parables of XF C. Gellert about written of C. Gellert " Parable and of the collection of stories " ( " Fabeln und Erzählungen " ). himself of the author classic meaning in the form of parable from the text moving away and allegorical in the form of short instructive poetic parable genre is approaching shows. </p>
C.F. Gellert's Fabelen en Vertelsels, in Nederduitsche Vaerzen Gevolgd. Eerste Deel
No full textGellert published his German fables in 1746 and 1748. Here we have a lovely edition in Dutch within a generation of that date. This volume contains fifty-four fables, the exact number in Gellert's first volume, published in 1746. Each translation is signed by its author. There is a T of C at the end. The only illustration in the book is on the title-page: cherubs play around the tombstone of Gellert. I had two days in Amsterdam on my way to Germany. In the rain, I found this bookstore in the neighborhood of the community and got lucky. There are two other volumes in the set. This is of course not the first time that I have bought a book originally owned by a Jesuit institution, in this case St. Aloysius College in 's-Gravenhage. There is also a marking from Bibl.-Gymn. CATV.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: DutchOriginal language: gerB. de Bosch, J. Lutkeman, P. Meijer, J.P. Broeckhoff, H.J. Roullaud, J. Lublink de jong
Quantification of Light Elements by the Mars Science Laboratory's Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer using Absolute Rayleigh Scatter Peak Analysis
No full textThe Mars Science Laboratory’s Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) performs bulk-chemistry analyses on the surface of Mars. It is capable of quantifying elements Z>10 through its primary mechanisms of X-Ray Fluorescence and Particle Induced X-ray Emission. The APXS is indirectly able to quantify "invisible" light elements with atomic number Z<11, such as water or carbonates which cannot be detected. Traditional means for quantifying invisible elements make use of APXS scatter peaks by analyzing relative intensities of measured Compton and Rayleigh X-ray peaks. The work presented in this thesis approaches the quantification of invisibles by making analytical predictions of scatter peaks on an absolute scale, rather than relative. This allows one to use Rayleigh absolute scatter peaks as a measure of distance, while simultaneously determining invisibles. The method has also extended previous work by incorporating invisibles into the compositional matrix to iteratively determine concentrations in the presence of invisibles.Canadian Space Agenc
Analysis and Calibration of the MER-A APXS Alpha Particle Backscatter Spectra
No full textThe Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Mars Exploration Rovers possesses the ability to detect carbon and oxygen within martian samples via Rutherford backscattering principles. Several consecutive measurements of the martian atmosphere by Spirit, paralleled by Monte Carlo simulations, provided an energy calibration to mitigate the absence of an alpha-mode calibration pre-flight. Data from a pre-flight thermal acceptance test agreed with this energy calibration, confirming the presence of an unexpected offset. Correcting a bug in the APXS firmware resulted in a temperature-independent energy scale. A model was developed and applied to all atmospheric data illustrating a dip in atmospheric peak areas, potentially arising from a week-long weather event on Mars. An early expansion of this model to solid samples has not yet been able to detect any hydrated minerals or carbonates. Preliminary investigations into determining martian atmospheric pressure and potential elemental layering within samples shows promise
Expanding the Capability of the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer Including Quantification of Fine-Scale Chemistry and Atmospheric Monitoring
No full textThe chemical composition of the surface of Mars has been investigated with the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) dating back to the first Martian mobile explorer in 1997. The Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer on the Sojourner rover predated the significantly improved Mars Exploration Rover (MER) APXS which flew on twin missions, each landing in 2004. The most recent and Canadian-built APXS, part of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission that landed in 2012, built on the experience of its MER predecessors and provides further design enhancements benefiting the mission's science objectives. The APXS is perfectly suited for spaceflight through its use of 244Cm sources to generate the alpha particles and X-rays required for X-ray spectroscopy. The complementary use of both particle-induced X-ray emission and X-ray fluorescence excitation methods provides the necessary level of sensitivity across the geologically relevant elements. The work presented herein focuses on three manuscripts and the associated unpublished work in their support that investigates the APXS method in detail to enhance the scientific return. The longevity of the overall science mission offers a wealth of data for analysis across multiple landing sites on Mars. Though primarily used for solid samples, the APXS on the MER rover Opportunity has monitored the change in atmospheric argon density over six Mars years. The observed argon mixing ratio is consistent with previous published global climate models. Two short-lived spikes in argon density during the equatorial migration of the argon-enriched polar air mass are observed for the first time. A novel analytical method is presented to deconvolve the endmember chemistry of surface features smaller than the dime-sized APXS field of view through a combined analysis of images and APXS data. The use of images in a new way facilitates the generation of a three-dimensional operational environment for the APXS. The analysis method improves the interpretation of important APXS results in a constrained operational environment. Specific to the MSL mission primary objective, the method resolved chemistry at the sub-cm scale showing clear evidence of either multiple fluid events or an evolving fluid at some point on the surface of Mars.Canadian Space Agenc
Manganese Oxide Quantification with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometry Using ChemCam and SuperCam on the Mars Science Laboratory and the Mars 2020
No full textManganese oxide on Mars is analyzed by a number of instruments, including two Laser Induced Break Down Spectrometers, ChemCam and SuperCam, and the Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry and Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer. Manganese oxide (MnO) offers insights into alteration of samples which provides important information pertaining to its geological history. A ChemCam MnO univariate calibration aligned with APXS MnO in fine-grained regolith and highlighted deviations in the form of MnO overestimation by ChemCam in some rock samples. A subsequent multivariate calibration was found to induce a spline-like behaviour, implying a spontaneous change of yield. This same multivariate calibration furthermore yielded results which now deviated from APXS analyses of soil samples. An MnO calibration for SuperCam is derived to supplement the public domain with MnO concentrations which are presently not provided by the SuperCam team. Analytically, SuperCam shows promising pyroxene results, but olivine data deviates from expected stoichiometry
Der Neue Aesop: Eine klassiche Fabelsammlung von Lessing, Gellert, Pfeffel und Anderen
No full textHere is a very frail old book, whose spine is deteriorating and pages are brittle. A T of C follows the title-page immediately, showing fables on some 287 pages. The one author I have noticed named but not mentioned on the title-page is Lichtwer. The texts are a mixture of prose and verse. Many are unattributed. Those attributed seem to come principally from Lessing, Gellert (J.G.), and Pfeffel. The total of one hundred-and-forty-four images from Griset would seem to make this book dependent on the revised and enlarged version of Griset's work, which may have first appeared in 1874-5 with one hundred and fifty-nine illustrations. The first edition had appeared in 1869 with ninety-three illustrations. The very first images here are the full-page Der Woelfe und der kranke Esel (5) and the smaller, well-known Die beiden Froesche (7). A curious feature of this book is its first piece, Statt des Vorworts: Die beraubte Fabel by Lichtwer. In it, the goddess of all poets, Fable, wanders into a strange land, where evil creatures find her alone on the street. Her delivery purse is empty, and so they demand instead that she give up her clothes. When she takes everything off, she disappears and the naked Truth stands before them. They feel ashamed, ask forgiveness, and give her her clothes back. Who can (bear to) see the truth naked? I have no idea where or when I got this book, but it was certainly before July of 2002.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: GermanVierte Auflag
Applications of Automated Scanning X-ray Spectroscopy for Future APXS Instruments
No full textThe objective of this project was to develop a prototype of an automated positioning system for future APXS instruments. The current instruments on Mars rely solely upon the rover arm to place them against rocks or soils, making consecutive measurements with small offsets challenging and resource intensive to conduct. The prototype consists of an x-ray detector and an x-ray tube mounted to a computer controlled three-axis positioning system. Passive surface scans were completed over 55Fe and 244Cm sources to determine raster parameters and to characterize the detector field of view. Active XRF scans of a sample tray containing geological specimens, as well as heterogeneous natural rocks, were acquired to evaluate the system under a variety of field conditions. The results demonstrate that a microcontroller, similar to that used by the APXS for signal processing, is capable of automated scanning and rudimentary decision making based on short duration spectra. This involved using the elemental distribution within the scan field to automatically position the instrument to the region of greatest scientific interest in the xy plane, and adjusting the detector stand-off for optimal data acquisition. The achievable spatial resolution was sufficient to distinguish regions of distinct elemental composition as small as 5 mm, although smaller dimensions are possible. While several aspects of the system must be developed further in order to accommodate more complex sample geometries and enable more advanced decision making, the results clearly demonstrate the potential of such a system to significantly improve the scientific return of future instruments
An Analytical Approach for Compton-Rayleigh Scatter Peak Analysis for the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer
No full textAs part of a suite of complimentary science instruments onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover, the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) determines the chemical abundances of Martian rocks and soils for elements from Na to Y via particle induced X-ray emission and X-ray fluorescence. Due to attenuation effects, elements with Z < 11 cannot be directly detected. These invisible components can be quantified indirectly by the Compton-Rayleigh scatter-peaks in APXS spectra. This thesis focuses on the development of an analytical simulation program (CRAM) used to predict the Compton-Rayleigh ratio (C/R) for APXS spectra in a more timely manner than the existing Monte Carlo method (MarsGeom). The simulated C/R, when related to the experimental C/R, is used to quantify any excess or deficit of invisible components in APXS targets. The results of CRAM are compared to MarsGeom and both datasets agree, giving a limit of invisible component detection of approximately 5 wt%
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