271 research outputs found
Search for Low-Molecular-Weight Biomarkers in Plant Tissues and Seeds Using Metabolomics: Tools, Strategies, and Applications
No full textThis chapter summarises the metabolomic strategies currently in force used in plant science and describes the methods used. The metabolite profiling and fingerprinting of plant tissues through MS- and/or NMR-based approaches and the subsequent identification of biomarkers is detailed. Strategies for the microisolation and de novo identification of unknown biomarkers are also discussed. The various approaches are illustrated by a metabolomic study of the maize response to herbivory. A review of recent metabolomic studies performed on seed and crop plant tissues involving various analytical strategies is provided
Comparative secretome analysis of Colletotrichum falcatum identifies a cerato-platanin protein (EPL1) as a potential pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane
No full textColletotrichum falcatum, an intriguing hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causes the devastating red rot disease
of sugarcane. Repeated in vitro subculturing of C. falcatum under dark condition alters morphology and reduces
virulence of the culture. Hitherto, no information is available on this phenomenon at molecular level.
In this study, the in vitro secretome of C. falcatum cultured under light and dark conditions was analyzed
using 2-DE coupled with MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Comparative analysis identified nine differentially abundant
proteins. Among them, seven proteins were less abundant in the dark-cultured C. falcatum, wherein only
two protein species of a cerato-platanin protein called EPL1 (eliciting plant response-like protein) were found
to be highly abundant. Transcriptional expression of candidate high abundant proteins were profiled during
host-pathogen interaction using qRT-PCR. Comprehensively, this comparative secretome analysis identified
five putative effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and one pathogen-associated molecular pattern
(PAMP) of C. falcatum. Functional characterization of three distinct domains of the PAMP (EPL1) showed
that the major cerato-platanin domain (EPL1 Δ N1–92) is exclusively essential for inducing defense and hypersensitive
response (HR) in sugarcane and tobacco, respectively. Further, priming with EPL1 Δ N1–92 protein
induced systemic resistance and significantly suppressed the red rot disease severity in sugarcane.
Biological significance
Being the first secretomic investigation of C. falcatum, this study has identified five potential effectors,
two pathogenicity-related proteins and a PAMP. Although many reports have highlighted the influence of
light on pathogenicity, this study has established a direct link between light and expression of effectors, for
the first time. This study has presented the influence of a novel N-terminal domain of EPL1 in physical and
biological properties and established the functional role of major cerato-platanin domain of EPL1 as a potential
elicitor inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the study has identified proteins that
putatively contribute to virulence of C. falcatum and for the first time, demonstrated the potential role of EPL1
in inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in sugarcane
Advances in proteomic technologies and their scope of application in understanding plant–pathogen interactions
No full textProteomics, one of the major tools of ‘omics’ is evolving phenomenally since the development and application
of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry at the end of twentieth century. However,
the adoption and application of advanced proteomic technologies in understanding plant–pathogen interactions
are far less, when compared to their application in other related fields of systems biology. Hence, this review is
diligently focused on the advances in various proteomic approaches and their gamut of applications in different facets of phyto-pathoproteomics. Especially, the scope and application of proteomics in understanding fundamental concepts of plant–pathogen interactions such as identification of pathogenicity determinants (effector proteins), disease resistance proteins (resistance and pathogenesisrelated proteins) and their regulation by post-translational modifications have been portrayed. This review, for the first time, presents a critical appraisal of various proteomic applications by assessing all phyto-pathoproteomics-related research publications that were published in peer reviewed journals, during the period 2000–2016. This assessment has revealed the present status and contribution of proteomic applications in different categories of p phytopathoproteomics, namely, cellular components, host–pathogen interactions, model and non-model plants, and utilization of different proteomic approaches. Comprehensively, the analysis highlights the burgeoning application of global proteome approaches in various crop diseases, and demand for acceleration in deploying advanced proteomic technologies to thoroughly comprehend the intricacies of complex and rapidly evolving plant–pathogen interactions
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) in plants– maintenance of structural individuality and functional blend
No full textThe free radicals along with several reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are known to play a dual role in the biological living system which carries a substantial importance in terms of signal networking in plants. The production of these active molecules in different cellular compartments eventually led to oxidative damage. However recent discoveries have evidenced its crucial roles as signaling molecules, activating stress responses against environmental challenges. As can be seen, the cellular organelles are considered to be the primary repository and site of action for reactive species there by later with the establishment of stress signaling concept, the underlying mechanism of ROS/RNS interaction has been elucidated properly by cellular organelle based study. These efforts led to the identification of signaling cascades generated by ROS and RNS which are not only involved with various antioxidative pathways but also correspond with other stress specific mechanisms. This study focuses on a burgeoning area of plant study, highlights the site specific generation, interplay, effect on several metabolic pathways and mode of reaction of ROS/RNS in cells. The review moreover postulates the fundamental mechanism of ROS/RNS cross talking in a lucid manner which further helps to stand out its significant importance with respect to plant survival during the course of evolution. Increasing interest in the area of plant stress and the ROS/RNS signaling, more elementary knowledge regarding their specificity, regulation, flexibility yet to be explored at molecular level by the advancement of technology
Anther proteome
No full textIn higher plants the development of the male gametophyte is a well-programmed and elaborate process that plays a crucial role in plant reproduction. Male gametophyte development takes place inside a highly differentiated male gametophytic organ, the stamen. A stamen is the male reproductive organ of plants and consists of an anther borne on a slender filament. The filament is a tube of vascular tissue that connects the anther to the flower and serves as a conduit for water and nutrients. Each anther has four elongated macrosporangia, or anther loculi. Four anther wall layers (the epidermis, the endothecium, the middle layer, and the tapetum) enclose a locule where the microsporegenesis took place (Figure 17.1). During anther development in angiosperms, a series of processes generates a set of cells that serve microspore production and dispersal. In the early stage of development, the anther consists of a mass of undifferentiated meristematic cells, which are surrounded by a partially differentiated epidermal cell layer. As development progresses, the archesporial cells appear at the four corners of the young anther and further differentiate into primary parietal cells and primary sporogenous cells. Later the primary parietal cells differentiate into endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum that envelop the core of the anther locule, whereas the primary sporogenous cells develop into diploid pollen mother cells (PMC)
Physiological and Multi-Omics Approaches for Explaining Drought Stress Tolerance and Supporting Sustainable Production of Rice
No full textDrought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexity of a crop’s response to it and also because we have the least understanding of a crop’s inductive mechanism for addressing drought tolerance among all abiotic stressors. Overall, the growth and productivity of crops at a global level is now thought to be an issue that is more severe and arises more frequently due to climatic change-induced drought stress. Among the major crops, rice is a frontline staple cereal crop of the developing world and is critical to sustaining populations on a daily basis. Worldwide, studies have reported a reduction in rice productivity over the years as a consequence of drought. Plants are evolutionarily primed to withstand a substantial number of environmental cues by undergoing a wide range of changes at the molecular level, involving gene, protein and metabolite interactions to protect the growing plant. Currently, an in-depth, precise and systemic understanding of fundamental biological and cellular mechanisms activated by crop plants during stress is accomplished by an umbrella of -omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics. This combination of multi-omics approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular dynamics during drought or other stress conditions in comparison to a single -omics approach. Thus a greater need to utilize information (big-omics data) from various molecular pathways to develop drought-resilient crop varieties for cultivation in ever-changing climatic conditions. This review article is focused on assembling current peer-reviewed published knowledge on the use of multi-omics approaches toward expediting the development of drought-tolerant rice plants for sustainable rice production and realizing global food security
CfPDIP1, a novel secreted protein of Colletotrichum falcatum, elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response in tobacco
No full textColletotrichum falcatum, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, causes one of the major devastating diseases of sugarcane-red rot. C. falcatum secretes a plethora of molecular signatures that might play a crucial role during its interaction with sugarcane. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a novel secreted protein of C. falcatum that elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The novel protein purified from the culture filtrate of C. falcatum was identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS and designated as C. falcatum plant defense-inducing protein 1 (CfPDIP1). Temporal transcriptional profiling showed that the level of CfPDIP1 expression was greater in incompatible interaction than the compatible interaction until 120 h post-inoculation (hpi). EffectorP, an in silico tool, has predicted CfPDIP1 as a potential effector. Functional characterization of full length and two other domain deletional variants (CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 and CfPDIP1ΔN1-45) of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins has indicated that CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 variant elicited rapid alkalinization and induced a relatively higher production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in sugarcane suspension culture. However, in Nicotiana tabacum, all the three forms of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins triggered HR along with the induction of H2O2 production and callose deposition. Further characterization using detached leaf bioassay in sugarcane revealed that foliar priming with CfPDIP1∆1-21 has suppressed the extent of lesion development, even though the co-infiltration of CfPDIP1∆1-21 with C. falcatum on unprimed leaves increased the extent of lesion development than control. Besides, the foliar priming has induced systemic expression of major defense-related genes with the concomitant reduction of pathogen biomass and thereby suppression of red rot severity in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the results have suggested that the novel protein, CfPDIP1, has the potential to trigger a multitude of defense responses in sugarcane and tobacco upon priming and might play a potential role during plant-pathogen interactions
INPPO actions and recognition as a driving force for progress in plant proteomics: change of guard, INPPO update, and upcoming activities
No full textThe International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) is a non-profit organization whose members are scientists involved or interested in plant proteomics. Since the publication of the first INPPO highlights in 2012, continued progress on many of the organization\u27s mandates/goals has been achieved. Two major events are emphasized in this second INPPO highlights. First, the change of guard at the top, passing of the baton from Dominique Job, INPPO founding President to Ganesh Kumar Agrawal as the incoming President. Ganesh K. Agrawal, along with Dominique Job and Randeep Rakwal initiated the INPPO. Second, the most recent INPPO achievements and future targets, mainly the organization of first the INPPO World Congress in 2014, tentatively planned for Hamburg (Germany), are mentioned
- …
