121 research outputs found
Mansi Substrate Toponymy on the Territory of the Former Habitation of the Mansi People
No full textThe article summarizes the results of the study of the Mansi substrate toponymy on the territory of the former habitation of the Mansi people based on the materials collected fallowing Artturi Kannisto’s famous works of the first half of the 20th century. The author revises the Mansi toponymy distribution area on the territory of the Urals argued by Kannisto. The article especially focuses on the western border of the area. The mapping of the data revealed in the contemporary Russian toponymy as well as found in historical written sources substantiates the fact that the Mansi people moved to the Middle Urals western slopes from the East relatively late and in insignificate numbers, but did not advance any farther west of the middle course of the Kama river’s left tributaries. The analysis of the Middle Urals Mansi substrate toponymy also helps characterize some phonetic particularities of the local Old Mansi dialects.В статье обобщаются результаты исследований субстратной мансийской топонимии на территории былого проживания манси на основе материалов, накопленных после известных работ А. Каннисто первой половины XX в. По сравнению с А. Каннисто критически пересматривается ареал распространения субстратной мансийской топонимии на территории Среднего Урала и Предуралья. Наибольшее внимание уделяется западным границам этого ареала. На основе картографирования фактов, выявленных как при исследовании современной русской топонимии, так и найденных в исторических письменных источниках, обосновывается вывод о том, что заселение древними манси западных склонов Среднего Урала происходило с востока, оно было достаточно поздним и незначительным, при этом манси в Среднем Предуралье не продвигались западнее среднего течения левых притоков Камы. На основе анализа выявленных фактов субстратной мансийской топонимии на территории Среднего Урала характеризуются отдельные фонетические особенности местных древнемансийских диалектов
On the question of typology of Mansi home sanctuaries
No full textThe article is dedicated to systematization and generalization of ethnographic data about Mansi home sanctuaries. The author considers ethnographic descriptions published in the XVIII — XX centuries and uses her own field data. The author held expeditions to the territory of inhabitance of Northern Mansi in the settlements situated on the banks of the rivers Severnaya Sos’va and Lyapin in 2006–2010 years. Two types of home sanctuaries in traditional Mansi dwelling were marked out during the research. The first type is a holy ceiling, located directly in the living space. The second type is an attic, separated from the living space of the house by a ceiling. The research shows their interrelation and development as well as present functional features. The article also deals with the question of origin of Samsay-oyka, a house guardian spirit of Northern Mansi. The attic is considers as one of the places where it lives. A hypothesis of late formation of the image of Samsay-oyka is formulated
Differential in vitro effects of targeted therapeutics in primary human liver cancer: importance for combined liver cancer
No full textThe incidence of primary liver tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC), and combined HCC/ICC (cHCC/CC) is increasing. For ICC, targeted therapy exists only for a small subpopulation of patients, while for HCC, Sorafenib and Lenvatinib are in use. Diagnosis of cHCC/CC is a great challenge and its incidence is underestimated, bearing the risk of unintended non-treatment of ICC. Here, we investigated effects of targeted inhibitors on human ICC cell lines (HUH28, RBE, SSP25), in comparison to extrahepatic (E)CC lines (EGI1, CCC5, TFK1), and HCC/hepatoblastoma cell lines (HEP3B, HUH7, HEPG2). Cells were challenged with: AKT inhibitor MK-2206; multikinase inhibitors Sorafenib, Lenvatinib and Dasatinib; PI3-kinase inhibitors BKM-120, Wortmannin, LY294002, and CAL-101; and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin. Dosage of the substances was based on the large number of published data of recent years. Proliferation was analyzed daily for four days. All cell lines were highly responsive to MK-2206. Thereby, MK-2206 reduced expression of phospho(p)-AKT in all ICC, ECC, and HCC lines, which mostly corresponded to reduction of p-mTOR, whereas p-ERK1/2 was upregulated in many cases. Lenvatinib showed inhibitory effects on the two HCC cell lines, but not on HEPG2, ICCs and ECCs. Sorafenib inhibited proliferation of all cells, except the ECC line CCC5. However, at reduced dosage, we observed increased cell numbers in some ICC experiments. Dasatinib was highly effective especially in ICC cell lines. Inhibitory effects were observed with all four PI3-kinase inhibitors. However, cell type-specific differences were also evident here. Rapamycin was most effective in the two HCC cell lines. Our studies show that the nine inhibitors differentially target ICC, ECC, and HCC/hepatoblastoma lines. Caution should be taken with Lenvatinib and Sorafenib administration in patients with cHCC/CC as the drugs may have no effects on, or might even stimulate, ICC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10247-6
Effects of different exposure methods to 1-methylcyclopropene on quality of partially ripened bananas
No full text1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is being widely used as an ethylene antagonist to suppress ethylene induced ripening in fresh produce. It is commercially available in encapsulated form in cyclodextrin, which requires moisture triggers to release from encapsulation. There are several reports on efficiency of 1-MCP for inhibiting the action of ethylene during green life (mature – but unripe stage) of bananas, but the commercialization of 1-MCP application for bananas is still under the area of research due to inconsistence responses received by researchers on its effect. Also, there are limited studies showing its effects on yellow life (at and after partially ripened stage) of bananas, so the further investigation in this area was our subject of interest. In this study, different 1-MCP exposure methods were used to treat bananas to provide the scientific base for developing its commercial application. The overall objective of this study was to provide the better understanding for extending Controlled Release Packaging (CRP) system that can deliver the 1-MCP molecules from the package over longer period of time to increase the yellow life of bananas to maintain greater quality at consumer market. The study was divided into two parts: in the first part, the packaging system was used to treat partially ripened bananas with different 1-MCP exposure methods. The physiological responses of partially ripened bananas to these different 1-MCP exposure methods, controlled exposure (timed release - slow release for longer time) and one-time exposure, were studied. All experiments were conducted on Cavendish bananas (Dole) at partially ripened stage (ripening color stages 3 and 4). In the second part, the feasibility of 1-MCP to be incorporated in the CRP system was studied by controlling 1-MCP release through polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film and studying its release from cyclodextrin through banana transpiration. The physiological responses showed that both the 1-MCP exposure methods were effective to delay ripening of partially ripened banana by at least 5-6 days. But the one-time exposure method was more effective than controlled exposure after 6 days. The PVA was able to delay the release of 1-MCP: the release of 1-MCP through PVA was nearly 15 % in 6 hours, whereas the release of 1-MCP from cyclodextrin (control- without any film) was 100% in 6 hours. The bananas were able to provide sufficient moisture through transpiration to initiate 1-MCP release from cyclodextrin within the first two hours of the experiment.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Mansi Trived
The specifics of cutting and decorations of the guardians spirit caps of the Northern Mansi
No full textThe article deals with a study and classification of guardian spirit caps found in Mansi sacred places. The study aims to conduct a comparative and typological analysis of the caps and to reveal special features of their cutting and decorations. The research is based on data of the author’s own fieldwork records (collected during several expedition trips to the communities of Northern Mansi living along the Northern Sosva and Lyapin rivers) and on published ethnographic sources. In the course of the expeditions, the author made descriptions of 34 caps, 21 of them were parts of guardian spirit vestments, 10 were gifts to the guardian spirits and 3 were tailor-made. It is pointed out that the caps are one of the principal and necessary attributes of the male guardian spirits of Northern Mansi. According to Northern Mansi mythology, caps are part of the image and an indispensable attribute of clothes of many Mansi supreme deities, including Mir-Susne-Hum, Kuly-Otir, Samsaj-oyka, etc. The caps are included in the costume kits of the figures of the guardian spirits that are kept in sacred places; they are also a part of the vestments of those people who perform a role of the guardian spirits at on the Bear festival. There are two types of the guardian spirit caps: made of fur and of woolen cloth. The caps made out of woolen cloth are the most common. Depending on the shape of the crown, the caps can be divided into three main groups: cone-shaped, semi-spherical and trapezoidal. Each of these groups is represented by several variations which differ in quantity and shape of details of their cutting. It was noted that the shape, cutting of caps and decoration of a cap are not related to the duties of the corresponding a guardian spirit. Today there is no evidence of use of the fur caps in the Mansi sacred places, though there are many references to their previous use as a head-dress of the guardian spirits in ethnographic sources. Obviously, fur caps, as well as fur-trimmed woolen caps, indicated high social status of their owners
Mansi Lexical Materials in the Manuscript Heritage of the Russian Academician Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738)
No full textThis article analyses the Mansi vocabulary from the handwritten Latin-Tatar-Vogul dictionary kept in Glasgow (Great Britain), in the archive of the Russian academician Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738), which has never been done before. Bayer’s scholarly heritage is of great interest and has not been sufficiently studied yet. The author manages to establish that Bayer’s dictionary is a partial list of lexical materials compiled by another Russian academician, Gerhard Friedrich Mьller (1705–1783), Head of the Academic Unit of the Second Kamchatka (Great Northern) Expedition (1733–1743). It is also established that these Mansi (Vogul) materials were recorded by Müller in Tobolsk in 1734 from a native speaker of the Pelym dialect and preserved in Mьller’s archive in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA) in Moscow. A comparison of Bayer’s and Mьller’s dictionaries shows that Bayer copied only the most interesting lexemes from Müller — 90 Vogul words, while Müller has about 300 of them. Most of the words copied by Bayer are reflected in lexicographic sources, which makes it possible to trace their correspondences in Mansi dialects, as well as to identify lexical parallels. The article considers several lexemes that are of the greatest interest from the point of view of semantics and word formation. More particularly, the name of the kopeck uses the designation of a ‘squirrel’ as a monetary unit in Siberia, hence ‘rouble’ (Schдtlin) is ‘one hundred kopecks’, or ‘one hundred squirrels’; in the name оf paper, the Mansi ‘birch bark’ (-schasch) is added to the word of Komi origin ‘paper’ (nepag). Additionally, the author reveals lexemes that are not marked in dictionaries or have other semantics, i.e. the name of the ‘water spirit’ (Uнtkas) is used to denote ‘the devil’; the adverb ‘above’ (Nùmna) is used to denote ‘the sky’; the month as a period of time is denoted by ‘four weeks’ (Nille-Sat); ‘the cloudberry colour’ (Morochoschp) juxtaposition is used to denote ‘yellow’. Finally, the article mentions some inaccuracies made by Bayer when copying Mьller’s dictionary
National Languages in the Ethnic Identity of the Ob Ugrians Oktyabrsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
No full textIn the work with field materials obtained in the places of compact residence of the Khanty and Mansi, the author examines the situation of national languages in the structure of ethnic identity of the middle Ob Ugric peoples. The author comes to the conclusion that in the process of language shift among indigenous northerners indigenous languages cease to fulfill the function of an ethnos-forming.В работе с привлечением полевых материалов, полученных в местах компактного проживания коренных малочисленных народов Севера Западной Сибири исследуется положение хантыйского и мансийского языков в структуре этнической идентичности среднеобских угров. Делается вывод о том, что в процессе языкового сдвига в среде коренных северян автохтонные языки утрачивают этнообразующую функцию
A Сuckoo maiden from Iurty Protochnye (оn the local features of the clothes of the Ob Mansi guardian spirits in the XIX — beginning of the XX century)
No full textThe article is aimed to study images of a female guardian spirit in the form of a cuckoo. It existed in one of the settlements of the Ob Mansi in the XIX — early XX century. The image had been considered lost for a long time, and it was discovered by the author in a museum archive. The article provides its detailed description to determine features of the costume. Based on the comparative typological method, the material, cut, ornaments and other specific features are analyzed. It was found out that the costume of Cuckoo maiden guardian spirit consists of a traditional clothing set of the Ob Mansi. It usually includes a gown shirt, a robe and a kerchief. In the case under consideration, a wooden sculpture in the form of a bird is dressed in two shirts, five robes and three kerchiefs. The robes and shirts are sewn by hand and have a traditional Mansi cut. The composition and the cut of the costume set of Cuckoo maiden image reflects the features of the women's clothing of the Ob Mansi, of the Middle Ob and Northern (Berezovo and Kazym) Khanty of the late XIX and XX centuries. At the same time, such adornments typical of the women's clothes of these Mansi and Khanty groups as embroidery with beads, coloured threads and applied ornaments are not represented on the robes and shirts of Cuckoo maiden. But the clothes have another inherent characteristic which is a coin attached to them in some way. It is assumed that these two features of the clothes, the lack of ornamentation and the presence of coins, are sacred symbols which aim at emphasizing a special status of this image
Obesity and Ageing: accelerators of cognitive decline in melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice
No full textGenetic or lifestyle-related obesity ails almost one billion people worldwide. Obesity is an accumulation of fat, while, ageing is an ongoing process of accumulation of harmful molecular alterations. Obesity and ageing, independently, contribute to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, with co-progression they enhance each other and accelerate the onset of diseases. Usually, neurodegenerative diseases appear in late-age and revealing ongoing irreversible damage in the CNS. Therefore, in this project, I sought to investigate the consequences of obese-ageing on cognitive decline and deduce an early candidate biomarker of cognitive decline.
In this study, I analysed the cognitive abilities of Mc4r-deficient obese mice aged 6-9 months (here referred to as 6-months-old) and 12-15 months (here referred to as 1-year-old) using a battery of behaviour tests. Open field, novel object recognition, and water-maze test were performed, to gauge the cognitive abilities of the obese mice vs. lean litter-mates. Following behaviour tests, molecular, and immuno-histological analyses were performed, with brain samples harvested from all cohorts. Additionally, immuno-assays were performed for serological analyses.
1-year-old obese mice showed a behavioral phenotype of cognitive deficit. Subsequent macroscopic and microscopic analyses indicated that obese mice harbour cerebral atrophy and therefore dilated lateral ventricles. Axonal damage was confirmed by analysing sera neurofilament light chain in the 1-year old obese mice. Further immunoassay of sera confirmed systemic inflammation in 6-month and 1-year-old obese mice.
Adipose hypertrophy and hyperplasia produces enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory factors causing chronic systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation, in addition to the lipid influx through a leaky blood-brain-barrier, elicits an immune response in the brain. This neuroinflammation in the brain was confirmed by increased presence of microglia in the 1-year-old obese mice.
Furthermore, an mRNA sequencing profile of hippocampus of 1-year-old obese mice was procured. The transcriptional data revealed a number of differentially expressed genes that are suspected to play an important role in cognitive decline associated to obese-ageing. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) a.k.a. osteopontin, was screened as a potential early candidate biomarker of cognitive decline. Spp1 has an upregulated gene expression in the hippocampus of obese mice along with increased presence in the sera of obese mice.
Overall, my work suggests that obese-ageing accelerates the onset of cognitive decline with a likelihood to transform into neurodegeneration. Based on preliminary data, Spp1 appears to be a promising early cognitive decline marker. Therefore, further investigation of Spp1, including in humans, has the potential to offer an interesting prospect towards having a promising cognitive decline marker.2025-06-1
Cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of obesity: An accelerating role of ageing
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