20 research outputs found
Activity and movements of Zospeum isselianum Pollonera 1886 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Carychiidae) in a cave in the Kamniške-Savinjske Alps (Slovenia)
No full textCilj rada bio je obaviti periodička opažanja hipogejskih puževa Zospeum isselianum Pollonera 1886 na površini stijene u špilji Jama pod Mokrico u Kamniško-Savinjskim Alpama i monitoring udaljenosti
koju su puževi prešli tijekom zadanog vremena. Između 30. travnja i 1. kolovoza 1997. pomicanja puževa bila su mjerena 13 puta. Temperatura zraka kretala se između 6.0 °C i 10.2 °C, a relativna
vlaga između 97% i 100%. Puževi su se tjedno pomicali od 1 do 15 cm. Prosječna udaljenost bila je 0.7 cm dnevno. Puževi su uglavnom puzali oko mjesta na kojima su prvotno i pronađeni.The objective of this work was to make periodic observations of hypogean Zospeum isselianum Pollonera 1886 snails on a sample rock surface in the Jama pod Mokrico cave in the Kamniške-Savinjske Alps and monitor the distance the snails moved over a given period of time. Between April 30 and August 1, 1997, the movement of the snails was recorded thirteen times. The air temperature in the cave was between 6.0 °C and 10.2 °C, and the relative humidity was between 97% and 100%. The snails moved over distances of from 1 to 15 cm per week. The average distance was 0.7 cm per day. The snails generally crept around the places they were initially found
Rasprostranjenost troglobiontnih puževa iz roda Zospeum na području krša Hrvatske
No full textRod Zospeum uključuje troglobiontne kopnene puževe. Naseljavaju podzemna staništa središnjih Pirineja, Južnih Alpa i Dinarskog krša od nekoliko metara nadmorske visine do nadmorske visine od 2000 metara. Znanje o ekologiji Zospeuma je vrlo oskudno. Poznato je da žive u špiljama i pukotinama i da se vjerojatno hrane detritusom koji se nalazi u ilovači i špiljskom sedimentu. U špiljama se javljaju na zidovima, na tlu pored lokva ili na organskim tvarima (trulo drvo). Taksonomija roda je temeljena prvenstveno na konhološkim karakteristikama. Njihova je anatomija djelomično ispitana. Prvi zapis o nalazima Zospeuma u Hrvatskoj objavio je proslavljeni malaholog Spiridon Brusina, na temelju materijala prikupljenog sredinom 19. stoljeća. Ovaj je ujedno bio i prvi zapis o puževima troglobiontima u Hrvatskoj. Z. Isselianum je općenito raširena vrsta u sjeverozapadnom dijelu Hrvatska. Njegov nalaz u Cerjanskoj špilji kod Varaždina pokazuje da su njegova staništa nalaze u središnjem dijelu zemlje. Znatan broj novih nalaza nedavno je dodan brojnim lokalitetima u kojima su Bole i Velkovrh pronašli ovu vrstu. Z. likanum je endemska vrsta u Hrvatskoj. Dugo je to bilo poznato samo iz špilja u okolici Gračaca (BOLE 1974). Novi staništa u blizini Rakovice i Ogulina proširila su područje širenja prema sjeveru, sve do granice sa Slovenijom. Primjerci ove vrste nigdje se ne pojavljuje u velikom broju. U bivšoj Jugoslaviji, Bole, Kuščer i Velkovrh pronašli su vrstu Z. amoenum u špiljama na otoku Krku, blizu Gospića, Sinja, rijeke Cetine, na otoku Braču, Biokovu, iznad Popovog polja, sjeverno od Omble, blizu Zavale i u špiljama u blizini Cetinja u Crnoj Gori. Nova staništa samo su potvrdila njegovo područje širenja, koje pokriva četiri međusobno prilično udaljena područja. Vrsta Z. kusceri u Hrvatskoj naseljavaju područje koje pokriva sjeveroistočni dio Istre i Gorskog kotara. U najnovijim istraživanjima, pronađeno je i na otoku Cresu, prvom otočnom nalazištu ove vrste. Vrsta Z. subobesum česta je u špiljama u okolici Ogulina, gdje je i špilja Tounjčica, njezino tipsko stanište. Na temelju samo jedne kućice vrsta je utvrđena i u Lukinoj jami te u Vrelu kod Fužina, koja se nalaze jugozapadno i jugoistočno od Ogulina. Z. spelaeum schmidti naseljava cijelu Istru iako su pojedina staništa prilično udaljena jedno od drugoga. Vrsta Z. pretneri usko je endemska u kontekstu faune Hrvatske. Znana je samo iz Donje Cerovačke špilje (Lok. Tip.), Gornja Cerovačka špilja kod Gračaca, Pelinska špilja kod Mogorića i Slovačka jama na Velebitu. U posljednjih trideset godina vrste Zospeum otkrivene su u novoistraženim speleološkim objektima, uglavnom neistraženog krškog područja u središnjim Dinaridima. Područja širenja pojedinih vrsta preklapaju se u nekim speleološkim objektima i različite vrste mogu se naći prilično često zajedno
Ethnobotanical aspects in the use of herbs in the Upper Savinja Valley
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava ljudsko uporabo zelišč v Zgornji Savinjski dolini v preteklosti in danes. V uvodnem delu obravnavam opis samega dela in metodologijo, uporabljeno pri njegovi izvedbi. Sledi opredelitev temeljnih pojmov za razumevanje dela – to sta pojma etnobotanika in zdravilna zelišča. V nadaljevanju se delo osredotoča na zdravilne rastline in ljudi. Opišem zgodovinski kontekst uporabe rastlin v zdravilstvu, kronološko navedem zapise o njihovi uporabi v Sloveniji in predstavim antropološke vidike odnosov med človekom in naravo. Naslednje poglavje se osredotoča na etnobotaniko v Zgornji Savinjski dolini in na prenos znanja o uporabi zdravilnih zeliščih. V nadaljevanju predstavljam nabiranje in sušenje zelišč ter izdelavo zeliščnih pripravkov. Sledi opis ljudskega zdravljenja ljudi in živali s pomočjo materie medice in magičnih postopkov. Naslednje poglavje se posveča različnim načinom uporabe zelišč. Med njimi prevladuje uporaba v zdravstvene namene, sledijo pa ji uporaba v kulinariki, kozmetiki, na vrtu ali v hiši, kot gnojilo ter kot sredstvo za odganjanje mrčesa in uporaba v dekorativne namene. Zatem opisujem ljudski način uporabe strupenih rastlin, ki lahko imajo zdravilne učinke. Na koncu v tabeli predstavljam zbrane podatke iz pogovorov o približno 140 zeliščih in njihovi uporabi ter lastnostih.The thesis deals with the folk use of herbs in the Upper Savinja Valley in the past and today. The introductory part of the thesis deals with the description of the work itself and the methodology used in its implementation. This is followed by a definition of the basic concepts for understanding the work, that is ethnobotany and medicinal herbs. The work then focuses on medicinal plants and people. It describes the historical context of the use of plants in medicine, gives chronological records of their use in Slovenia and presents the anthropological aspects of the relationship between man and nature. The next chapter focuses on ethnobotany in the Upper Savinja Valley and the transmission of knowledge on the use of medicinal herbs. After that, the collection and drying of herbs and the production of herbal preparations are presented. This is followed by a description of folk healing of people and animals using materia medica and magical procedures. The next chapter focuses on the various uses of herbs. These are predominantly medicinal, followed by culinary, cosmetic, garden, and domestic uses, as fertilisers, as insect repellents and for decorative purposes. Then the folk uses of poisonous plants, which may have medicinal effects, are described. Finally, a table summarises the data from the interviews on some 140 herbs, their use, and properties
Two new subterranean freshwater gastropod species (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from the Rudnica VI cave in Croatia
No full textTijekom terenskog istraživanja u špilji Rudnica VI, smještenoj u središnjoj Hrvatskoj blizu grada Ogulina, pronađene su dvije nove vrste slatkovodnih puževa iz natporodice Truncatelloidea. Opisane su na temelju njihovih kućica i stoga tek preliminarno svrstane u rodove Plagigeyeria i Paladilhiopsis. Ove dvije vrste predstavljaju novi dodatak već sada jedinstvenoj slatkovodnoj fauni špilje Rudnica VI.Two new subterranean freshwater gastropod species from the superfamily Truncatelloidea were found during a field trip in the cave Rudnica VI located in central Croatia, near the town of Ogulin. They have been described based on their conchological characteristics and therefore only preliminary assigned to Plagigeyeria and Paladilhiopsis genera. These two species represent a new addition to the already unique freshwater fauna of Rudnica VI
Cepaea hortensis (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Croatia?
No full textNa osnovu determinacije po spolnim organima negirano je postojanje vrste Cepaea hortensis na jednom jedinom literaturnom nalazištu u Hrvatskoj, te je zaključeno da prema sadašnjim spoznajama vrstu treba brisati iz faune kopnenih puževa Hrvatske.Based on characteristics provided by the genital organs, the presence of the species Cepaea hortensis (O. F. Müller, 1774), reported from Croatia from a single site in the literature, is refuted. According to our current knowledge this species should be deleted from the terrestrial snail fauna of Croatia
Delima (Dugiana) edmibrani n. subgen. and n. sp. from Croatia (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)
No full textNew genetic data reveals a new species of Zospeum in Bosnia (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae)
No full textRecent integrative investigations of the terrestrial ellobiid genus, Zospeum, have revealed significant findings concerning its Alpine-Dinaric evolution and taxonomy. Due to the expected discrepancy between the useful, but limited, 1970s’ classification system based on shell data and the results of recent genetic analyses in the latest investigation, a revision of the entire radiation was undertaken, and a new classification system was devised by the present authors in an earlier paper. Concurrent to this work, molecular sequences from two Austrian caves were published independently of our revision by another research group. By incorporating these genetic data within our phylogenetic framework here, we show that the Austrian individuals are genetically most similar to Zospeum amoenum and consequently, classify them within that species. We additionally reveal two new genetic lineages from the largely under-sampled southern extension of Zospeum’s known distributional range. The first lineage, deriving from the region of Dubrovnik, Croatia, is a potential candidate for genetically clarifying Zospeum troglobalcanicum. The second lineage derives from the municipality of Tomislavgrad, Bosnia-Herzegovina and is herein, described a new species: Zospeum simplex Inäbnit, Jochum & Neubert, sp. nov
Material Analysis of the Remains of a Wooden Chest from the 4th Century and a Proposal for Its Reconstruction
No full textA stone chest found in 1971 near one of the largest early Christian basilicas in Northern Dalmatia (Croatia) contained brass tiles decorated with various biblical scenes. An archaeological study confirmed the thesis that the fragments of brass tiles are most likely the remains of a wooden chest made in the 4th century AD, and that this is one of the best preserved archaeological finds of its kind in the world as one of the biblical scenes shows Mary, together with a record of her name (Maria). Based on the preserved brass tiles, a reconstruction of the wooden chest was made in 1973 with tiles glued onto a plastic frame. Subsequent studies have shown that such a reconstruction was not adequate, as some of the brass tiles were destroyed (disintegrated), and they were not connected properly into a whole that could represent the original. For the new reconstruction of this archaeological object it was necessary to carry out a material analysis, including the chemical composition of the brass tiles, as well as to find a solvent for the glue which could be used to remove the brass tiles from the plastic framework without any additional destruction. Based on extensive investigations and material analyses including the following techniques (SEM, EDX, FTIR, DSC), the starting points for the restoration process of the wooden chest with brass tiles were set, as well as the proposal for the appearance of the new chest
Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses
No full textBACKGROUND: Current biodiversity patterns are considered largely the result of past climatic and tectonic changes. In an integrative approach, we combine taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses to analyze temporal and geographic diversification of epigean (Carychium) and subterranean (Zospeum) evolutionary lineages in Carychiidae (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea). We explicitly test three hypotheses: 1) morphospecies encompass unrecognized evolutionary lineages, 2) limited dispersal results in a close genetic relationship of geographical proximally distributed taxa and 3) major climatic and tectonic events had an impact on lineage diversification within Carychiidae.
RESULTS: Initial morphospecies assignments were investigated by different molecular delimitation approaches (threshold, ABGD, GMYC and SP). Despite a conservative delimitation strategy, carychiid morphospecies comprise a great number of unrecognized evolutionary lineages. We attribute this phenomenon to historic underestimation of morphological stasis and phenotypic variability amongst lineages. The first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Carychiidae (based on COI, 16S and H3) reveals Carychium and Zospeum to be reciprocally monophyletic. Geographical proximally distributed lineages are often closely related. The temporal diversification of Carychiidae is best described by a constant rate model of diversification. The evolution of Carychiidae is characterized by relatively few (long distance) colonization events. We find support for an Asian origin of Carychium. Zospeum may have arrived in Europe before extant members of Carychium. Distantly related Carychium clades inhabit a wide spectrum of the available bioclimatic niche and demonstrate considerable niche overlap.
CONCLUSIONS: Carychiid taxonomy is in dire need of revision. An inferred wide distribution and variable phenotype suggest underestimated diversity in Zospeum. Several Carychium morphospecies are results of past taxonomic lumping. By collecting populations at their type locality, molecular investigations are able to link historic morphospecies assignments to their respective evolutionary lineage. We propose that rare founder populations initially colonized a continent or cave system. Subsequent passive dispersal into adjacent areas led to in situ pan-continental or mountain range diversifications. Major environmental changes did not influence carychiid diversification. However, certain molecular delimitation methods indicated a recent decrease in diversification rate. We attribute this decrease to protracted speciation
Records of two non-marine snails new for Croatia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
No full textS obzirom na nalaz kopnenog puža Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller, 1774) na otoku Rabu raspravljeni su literaturni podaci o njegovu postojanju/nepostojanju u Hrvatskoj. Također na otoku Rabu nađen je po prvi puta u Hrvatskoj slatkovodni puž Helisoma duryi (Wetherby, 1879).Literature data regarding the presence/absence of the land snail Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller, 1774) in Croatia are discussed, occasioned by its finding on the island of Rab. A second species found on Rab, the freshwater snail Helisoma duryi (Wetherby, 1879), is recorded in this paper for the first time in Croatia
