15 research outputs found
I am Not Your (Founding) Father
No full textIn this chapter, my focus is on an aspect of original constitutional founding
moments (events that bring about a new constitutional order): the question of who
made the constitution as law. Or, in other words, who was the legally authoritative
agent (or author) in the making of a constitution? This question, for better or
worse, plays a significant role in legal arguments about the legal content of some
codified constitutions. I take no position on how significant, if at all, founding
moments should be in constitutional law. I only offer a jurisprudential account of
who, among the potentially many participants of a founding moment, counts as
the legal authority who made the constitution (the constitution-maker).
Lawyers across the globe routinely talk about what the 'founding fathers' or
the 'framers' of their constitution (or a founding treaty) meant, expected, intended
and so on. The point of this chapter is that some of the founding fathers talk is
confused, because it refers to people who did not make the constitution. I dispel
the confusion through analysis of what it means to be an agent behind making a
constitution as law: what does it mean to be a constitution-maker?</p
Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles doping on structural and electrical properties of PVA: NaBr polymer electrolyte
No full textSynthesis and NLO studies of novel (2E)-1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyL)-3-(3-Bromo-4-Fluorophenyl)Prop-2-en-1-one single crystal
No full textSynthesis, structural, thermal and Hirshfeld surface analysis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazine carrying 1,4-benzothiazine-3-one moiety
No full textDiffusion, swelling, cross linkage study and mechanical properties of ZnO doped PVA/NaAlg blend polymer nanocomposite
No full text
Relaxation and transport properties of Li+ ion conducting biocompatible material for battery application
No full textSynthesis, crystal structure, NLO and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone single crystal
No full textInhibition and quenching effect on positronium formation in metal salt doped polymer blend
No full textSynthetic data in health care: A narrative review
No full textData are central to research, public health, and in developing health information technology (IT) systems. Nevertheless, access to most data in health care is tightly controlled, which may limit innovation, development, and efficient implementation of new research, products, services, or systems. Using synthetic data is one of the many innovative ways that can allow organizations to share datasets with broader users. However, only a limited set of literature is available that explores its potentials and applications in health care. In this review paper, we examined existing literature to bridge the gap and highlight the utility of synthetic data in health care. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, reports, and thesis/dissertations articles related to the generation and use of synthetic datasets in health care. The review identified seven use cases of synthetic data in health care: a) simulation and prediction research, b) hypothesis, methods, and algorithm testing, c) epidemiology/public health research, d) health IT development, e) education and training, f) public release of datasets, and g) linking data. The review also identified readily and publicly accessible health care datasets, databases, and sandboxes containing synthetic data with varying degrees of utility for research, education, and software development. The review provided evidence that synthetic data are helpful in different aspects of health care and research. While the original real data remains the preferred choice, synthetic data hold possibilities in bridging data access gaps in research and evidence-based policymaking. Author summary Synthetic data or data that are artificially generated is gaining more attention in the recent years because of its potential in making timely health care data more accessible for analysis and technology development. In this paper, we explored how synthetic data are being used by reviewing published literature and by looking at known synthetic datasets that are available to the public. Based on the available literature, it was identified that synthetic data address three challenges in making health care data accessible: it protects the privacy of individuals in datasets, it allows increased and faster access of researchers to health care research data, and it addresses the lack of realistic data for software development and testing. Users should also be aware of its limitations that may include recognized risk for data leakage, dependency on imputation model, and not all synthetic data replicate precisely the content and properties of the original dataset. By explaining the utility and value of synthetic data, we hope that this review helps to improve understanding of synthetic data for different applications in research and software development
