9 research outputs found
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aza[7]helicenes by One-Pot Wittig–Heck and Photodehydrogenation Sequence
No full textAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical aza[7]helicenes has been developed. The bis-styryl-type substrates for regiospecific photodehydrogenative oxidative double cyclization to give helicenes were prepared by a one-pot Wittig–Heck sequence as well as a stepwise procedure. The derivatives were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy.</jats:p
Blood Flow in Human Arterial System-A Review
No full textAbstractThe blood flow in human arterial system can be considered as a fluid dynamics problem. Simulation of blood flow in the arterial network system will provide a better understanding of the physiology of human body. Hence, hemodynamics play an important role in the development and progression of arterial stenosis, leading to the malfunctioning of cardiovascular system. Simulation studies of blood flow in the diseased condition can diagonise the health problem easily and also have many applications in the areas such as surgical planning and design of medical devices. This paper presents a review on the existing scenario of the simulation studies of blood flow, starting with a brief overview of the structure and function of arteries and veins followed by a discussion on pressure wave propagation, blood flow models and Fluid Structure Interaction in the arterial system
Novel cisplatin kidney injury biomarkers and transporter interactions
No full textDespite the recent development of new immunotherapies and anticancer drugs, cisplatin remains an important component of chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of solid tumors. However, use of cisplatin is limited by nephrotoxicity, which occurs in about one-third of patients and leads to small but permanent changes in kidney function over the long-term. Current clinical markers, such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, are limited in their ability to detect acute kidney injury (AKI). Additionally, a recent study reported a potential interaction in vivo between concurrently administered antiemetic drug, ondansetron, and cisplatin that may exacerbate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. One mechanism of cisplatin kidney injury is the ability of renal transporters to mediate its urinary secretion. Presently, the degree of interaction between antiemetic drugs and cisplatin renal transporters is unknown. The purposes of this dissertation research were to assess time-dependent changes in urinary protein biomarkers in cisplatin treated oncology patients with subclinical nephrotoxicity, characterize the renal expression and regulation of the novel urinary biomarker calbindin in cisplatin-mediated acute kidney injury, and determine the extent of antiemetic drug inhibition of renal transporters involved in cisplatin secretion. In 57 patients with solid tumors receiving outpatient cisplatin therapy (≥25 mg/m2), mean serum creatinine was unchanged following cisplatin infusion. Compared to baseline values, several novel biomarkers were significantly increased in the urine. B2M was increased 3-fold by day 3, while KIM-1, TFF3, and calbindin were elevated 2-fold, 2-fold, and 8-fold by day 10, respectively. In a subset of 27 patients, time-dependent changes in KIM-1, calbindin, and TFF3 were assessed during early and subsequent cycles of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Although significant increases were seen during the early cycle, baseline biomarker levels remained elevated for KIM-1 and TFF3 and for all three biomarkers (KIM-1, TFF3, and calbindin), time-dependent changes were modest during subsequent cycles. Subsequent mechanistic studies were performed to better understand the intrarenal regulation of one biomarker, calbindin, during cisplatin AKI in mice as well as identify potential cisplatin-drug interactions due to alterations in cisplatin transporter activity in vitro. In mice treated with cisplatin, calbindin protein was robustly elevated in urine prior to elevations in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. A time-dependent decrease in renal calbindin protein was observed on day 4 with concurrent up-regulation of calbindin mRNA. Finally, in vitro models revealed that 5-HT3 antagonists used to treat cisplatin-induced emesis dose-dependently inhibited the activity of OCT2 and MATE1, two transporters responsible for cisplatin secretion. Importantly, the most potent inhibitor was ondansetron, which inhibited transport of a probe substrate ASP+ in MATE1 overexpressing HEK293 cells at concentrations that are pharmacologically relevant (IC50: 0.1 μM) and also caused accumulation and inhibition of ASP+ transport in polarized MDCK tubule cells that overexpress OCT2 and MATE1. These data suggest that potent inhibition of MATE1-mediated efflux of cisplatin from human proximal tubules by antiemetic drugs may increase intratubular concentrations of cisplatin. This research demonstrates that novel urinary protein biomarkers are responsive to cisplatin therapy in the absence of clinically detectable AKI during early cycles, but are not reflective of progressive kidney damage during subsequent cycles of cisplatin therapy. Additionally, this research provides new mechanistic understanding of urinary calbindin release as well as the potential for antiemetic drug inhibition of renal cisplatin transporters.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Blessy Georg
RESPIRATORY STRESS OF SALINITY ON Oreochromis niloticus
Get PDFOreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) commonly found in the freshwater bodies of Kerala was used in this study as the experimental fish so as to determine the effect of salinity on the respiration rate of the fish. The fishes were exposed to different salinities (5ppt, 10ppt, 15ppt, 20ppt) for a period of one hour. The sample with 0ppt salinity was taken as the control. Using Winkler’s method, the dissolved oxygen level in the water taken at different intervals (5th minutes, 15th minutes, 30th minutes and 1 hour) from the sample solutions were estimated. In control (0ppt) average oxygen consumption during different time interval was found to be stable at 0.12 mg/ml/g body weight. The dissolved oxygen consumption by fish increased with increasing salinities from 0ppt to 10ppt, then decreased in 15ppt and 20ppt, besides this consumption of Oxygen decreased from 5th minutes to 60th minutes of exposure. The opercular beats of the fish was noted and it was found that in the control (with 0 ppt salinity), the rate of opercular beats was quite steady without a huge rise or fall and the average value noted was 122/minutes. In all other salinities (5, 10, 15 and 20 ppt), the opercular beats was decreased from 1st minute to 60th minute. The rate of opercular beats was lower in the control when compared with 5ppt,10ppt, 15ppt and 20ppt.Even though Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is very sturdy fish, and tides over stressful environment conditions, salinity changes in this experimental setup caused changes in the respiration rate of the fish. So this study discloses how other less sturdy aquatic fauna could easily succumb to salinity change in their environment
Preparation and studies of new aza[7]helicene carboxylic acid
No full textA new aza[7]helicene carboxylic acid was synthesized from carbazole in few simple steps. The helical carboxylic acid was characterized by spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical properties were evaluated. The structural parameters were compared with the theoretical values obtained from computational analysis. The molecular recognition of the helical isomers with chiral bases was examined by NMR analysis.</p
EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATION OF FORMALIN ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF Oreochromis niloticus
Get PDFFormalin has long been used for traditional treatment of fish ectoparasites, even though it is a highly toxic compound. Besides this, formalin is a one of the major constituent of plywood mill effluent. Perumbavoor, Ernakulam (district) of Kerala is one of the major plywood industrial belt and hundreds of plywood factories have been working in a limited area. All these plywood factories are discharging effluents directly into the nearby water bodies without any proper treatments. Hence a detail study is necessary to evaluate the impact of formalin on aquatic organisms especially fishes. In this ground a study was undertaken to evaluate haematological and biochemical changes resulting from the exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to sub lethal concentrations of formalin (1/80th (0.175 ml), 1/70th (0.2 ml) and 1/50th (0.28 ml) dilution of LC50 of formaldehyde) for a period of 20hrs, 100hrs and 300 hrs. It is noted that with an increase in the concentrations and exposure period, the total count of RBC, haemoglobin, PCV, MCH, MCHC and MCV decreased as compared to that of the control. The WBCs count increased with increase in concentration and exposure period. Blood Glucose level showed an increasing trend with dosage and exposure time. Total Protein, Globulin and Albumin were lower in exposed fish as compared to control. The changes observed in this study indicated that haematological and biochemical parameters can be used as an indicator of formalin related stress in fish. The current work emphasized the necessity to regulate the discharge of formaldehyde from domestic and industrial sources into aquatic system. A very mild concentration (0.37 ml) is preferable for the control of parasitic infection in aquaculture; otherwise it may affect the health of fishes and finally human being
Author response: Structural basis for the hijacking of endosomal sorting nexin proteins by Chlamydia trachomatis
Get PDFComparative Study on Serodiagnosis of Bovine Leptospirosis by Microagglutination Test (MAT) and Indirect ELISA
No full textMapping the landscape of mental health research through Google Trends: Bibliometric and thematic insights
No full textAim: The rise of Internet usage has introduced innovative methods for public health research, particularly using Google Trends to understand mental health issues. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric and content analysis of research utilizing Google Trends for mental health. Methods: We conducted a literature search on Scopus focusing on peer‐reviewed articles from January 2010 to May 2024. Bibliometric analysis included descriptive statistics, bibliographic coupling, keyword co‐occurrence, and coauthorship networks. Qualitative content analysis identified themes in the study objectives. Results: The bibliometric analysis revealed an increase in publications post‐pandemic. The bibliographic coupling analysis identified the Journal of Medical Internet Research as central, with significant connections to journals like JMIR Public Health and Surveillance and BMC Public Health. Keyword co‐occurrence highlighted themes such as “mental health,” “COVID‐19,” “anxiety,” and “social media.” Author co‐citation and coauthorship analyses showed strong closely linked collaborations, with a few central authors leading the research. Coauthor country analysis revealed limited international collaborations, particularly involving the United States and the United Kingdom. Content analysis identified six major themes: economic and social impacts, mental health during public health emergencies, online behavior, specific conditions and treatments, public health policies, and psychological and social impacts. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of Google Trends in mental health research, revealing key trends and thematic focuses. The findings contribute to understanding the current research landscape and offer a foundation for future studies leveraging digital tools for mental health insights.</p
