120,424 research outputs found
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation:the role of glutathione
No full textGlutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant thiol and is central to redox defense during oxidative stress. GSH metabolism is tightly regulated and has been implicated in redox signaling and also in protection against environmental oxidant-mediated injury. Changes in the ratio of the reduced and disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) can affect signaling pathways that participate in a broad array of physiological responses from cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis to gene expression that involve H(2)O(2) as a second messenger. Oxidative stress due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and also due to environmental oxidants is an important component during inflammation and respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and asthma. It is known to activate multiple stress kinase pathways and redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-kappaB and AP-1, which differentially regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the protective antioxidant genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the induction of antioxidants, such as GSH, versus pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of oxidant-directed injuries may allow for the development of novel therapies which will allow pharmacological manipulation of GSH synthesis during inflammation and oxidative injury. This article features the current knowledge about the role of GSH in redox signaling, GSH biosynthesis and particularly the regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by GSH and downstream signaling during oxidative stress and inflammation in various pulmonary diseases. We also discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials using GSH and other thiol compounds, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, fudosteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine in environment-induced airways disease
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Dietary polyphenols mediated regulation of oxidative stress and chromatin remodeling in inflammation
No full text"Existe t-il une littérature de l'exil ? " Najat Rahman, Leonid Livak. 19 mars 2015.
No full textLa séance de l'initiative "Non-lieux de l'exil" du 19 mars 2015 (17-19h) acceuillera Najat RAHMAN et Leonid LIVAK autour de l'interrogation suivante : "Existe t-il une littérature de l'exil ?" Leonid LIVAK est professeur de Littérature comparée à l'Université de Toronto et actuellement résident à l'IEA-Paris autour du projet de recherche : Cultural and Linguistic Displacement in the Creative Activity of Modern European Writers: Sophia Petit, Ludmila Savitzky, Zinaida Vengerova Najat RAHMAN ..
Genetic and environmental risk factors for sexual distress and its association with female sexual dysfunction
No full textA. Burri, Q. Rahman and T. Spector (2011). Genetic and environmental risk factors for sexual distress and its association with female sexual dysfunction. Psychological Medicine, 41, pp 2435-2445. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329171100049
Perinatal and infant postmortem examination. Survey of women's reactions to perinatal necropsy
No full textHayati Abdul Rahman, T Y Khon
Geotechnical Data Management in BIM Environment
No full textDigitalno inženirstvo je nov pojav, ki spodbuja inženirsko in gradbeno industrijo, da sprejme nove tehnologije in nov potek dela v smislu posodobitve in nadgradnje običajnih delovnih postopkov. "Digitalno inženirstvo" je danes sicer ena najbolj trendovskih besed v inženirstvu in gradbeništvu, toda ko gre za digitalizacijo in naložbe v digitalizacijo, se inženirstvo in gradbeništvo izkaže kot slabo digitalizirana panoga v svetovnem merilu. Informacijsko modeliranje stavb (BIM – Building Information Modelling) predstavlja orodja in postopke, ki povezujejo področje inženirstva in gradbeništva z digitalnim svetom in omogočajo prehod iz tradicionalnih metod na inženirski pristop, ki temelji na podatkih. Osnovni koncept BIM-a je sodelovanje in izmenjava podatkov in informacij skozi celoten življenjski cikel projekta, od zasnove do projekta, gradnje in vzdrževanja. Pogosto se BIM nanaša le na segmente, ki se ukvarjajo s stavbami in ne vključuje informacij in podatkov o temeljnih tleh. Segment geotehnike je v ospredju vsakega gradbenega projekta. Geotehnične preiskave tal predstavljajo enega od prvih korakov pri katerem koli gradbenem projektu, saj zagotavljajo podatke za oceno primernosti in izvedljivosti projekta. Proces zbiranja, upravljanja, izmenjave in interpretacije podatkov znotraj segmenta geotehnike in geologije ni popolnoma digitaliziran in še vedno sledi tradicionalnim metodam. V tej magistrski nalogi je skozi prizmo digitalizacije in BIM opravljen obsežen pregled postopkov zbiranja in upravljanja geotehničnih podatkov. Raziskava je predlagala integriran in standardiziran okvir za upravljanje podatkov za vključitev in izvajanje načel BIM v potek dela v projektivnem podjetju, da bodo geotehnični podatki na voljo, dostopni in izmenljivi v celotnem življenjskem ciklu projekta.Digital Engineering is a new phenomenon that is pushing the Engineering and Construction industry to embrace new technology and workflow to update and upgrade the conventional work methods. Though "Digital Engineering" is the biggest buzz word in the Engineering and Construction (E&C) industry but when it comes to digitisation and investment in digitisation, Engineering and Construction (E&C) industry one of the poorly digitised industry of the world. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the tool and process that are linking the E&C sector to the digital world and making a move towards data-driven engineering approach from the traditional methods. The basic concept of BIM is to collaborate and share data and information throughout the whole life-cycle of the project, from conception to design, build and maintenance. Often, Building Information Modelling (BIM) relates to work that directly corresponds to the superstructure leaving behind the information and data from the ground. The geotechnical engineering process is in the front line of any engineering project. Geotechnical site investigation is the first course of action for any engineering project to collect the data to evaluate the feasibility and constructability of a project. Data collection, management, exchange, and interpretation process in the geotechnical and geological engineering sector is not entirely digitised and still following traditional methods. An extensive review of geotechnical data collection and management process is conducted through the lens of digitisation and BIM in this research project. The research proposed an Integrated and Standardised Geological and Geotechnical Data Management framework to integrate and implement BIM principles into the workflow on an engineering company where data will be available, accessible, and exchangeable throughout the life-cycle of the project
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
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