140 research outputs found
Introduction to nanocarbon biocomposites
No full textSawdust is a by-product of wood processing activities (Mallakpour et al., 2021), such as milling (Green et al., 1999), sawing (Mackes et al., 2001), and sanding generated by industries and agricultural activities (Bates & Davies, 2018; Boca & Miegroet, 2017; Gamfeldt et al., 2013; ˇ
Kivinen et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020). It also consists of fine particles and shavings of wood that are generated as waste during these operations. Sawdust is typically dry, powdery, and lightweight. The size and texture of sawdust can vary depending on the type of wood being worked with
and the cutting tools used. It may range from fine particles resembling dust to coarser shavings. Sawdust can be reused or repurposed in woodworking projects, such as using it as filler material or in wood-based composite products like particleboard (Bakri, 2018)
Introduction to recent developments and future opportunities for polymer nanocomposite membranes
No full textThe process of urbanization and industrialization has resulted in a rapid increase in the usage of water (Cheng et al., 2023), hence worsening the worldwide water problems. Water pollution has a significant impact on several parts of the biosphere, such as humans, the atmosphere, aquatic habitats, and other connected organisms. This impact results in considerable expenses (Abdali et al., 2017). Contaminants from diverse sources, such as household trash and industry operations, including paper making, agriculture, and textile
production, continuously degrade water quality. Although there have been significant gains, it is still crucial for the world to make coordinated efforts to ensure that everyone has access to safe and clean water (Hazarika et al., 2023)
Roles of simulation model on production of high performance nanocarbon polymer biocomposites
No full textA nanocarbon polymer biocomposite is a material that consists of a polymer matrix that is reinforced with nanocarbon particles. Nanocarbon particles can include materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and
carbon black. The polymer matrix provides the bulk of the material’s mechanical and structural properties, while the nanocarbon particles provide additional strength, stiffness, and conductivity. The combination of the polymer and nanocarbon particles can result in a biocomposite material with unique properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including biomedical, electronic, and environmental fields
Advanced Nanocarbon Polymer Biocomposites
No full textNanocarbon polymer biocomposites have gained increased attention from both researchers and manufacturers due to the significant improvement in their physico-mechanical, thermal
and barrier properties when compared to conventional materials. Their dimensions, biodegradable character, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability are among the main drivers for increasing demand.
However, it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion between the carbon filler and matrix as it easily forms agglomerations. Production of nanocarbon polymer biocomposites with high mechanical and thermal properties is also limited, but there has been rapid progress in
processing possibilities to produce nanocomposites based on various biodegradable fillers.
Advanced Nanocarbon Polymer Biocomposites: Sustainability Towards Zero Biowaste collects all these novel scientific findings in one place. It discusses in detail their physical, chemical, and electrical properties and presents the latest research findings on nanocarbon polymer
biocomposites with filler loadings and their improvement on compatibility. The book will be of great interest for those researchers who are concerned with the production and use of
nanocarbon polymer biocomposites as a new innovative advanced material
Aspen wood sawdust and its biocomposites applications
No full textAspen trees or quaking aspen trees are medium sized deciduous trees that are members of the Salicaceae family, which appear with distinctive leaves and smooth greenish white bark as shown in Fig. 5.1.There are six species of aspen trees found worldwide, excluding hybrid species, Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides, Populus tremula, Populus davidiana, Populus sieboldii, and Populus adenopoda (Rogers et al., 2020). It is native to cold regions such as North America, Scotland and Russia (Nesbit et al., 2023).
Fig. 5.2 displays the distribution of aspen trees by species. Aspen trees can live for as long as 200 years; according to some studies, they may reach up to 450 years (Latva-Karjanmaa et al., 2007; Vehmas et al., 2009). Due to
their crucial role in preserving biodiversity and supporting the ecosystem, aspen trees are particularly vital in colder regions. It provides a range of valuable services to the environment, including carbon storage in the soil,
revegetation, serving as forage for livestock, offering shelter to shrubs and herbaceous plants, and even contributing to the production of innovative wood products like paddles, studs, furniture, surgical splints, solid wood, and strand board (Bates & Davies, 2018; Boca & Miegroet, 2017; Gamfeldt et al., 2013; Kivinen et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020)
Impact on biocomposites using various types of nanocarbon and polymer
No full textThe development of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials is improving rapidly in various types of industries worldwide. This includes the development of biocomposites which is defined as a material that is composed of either two or more different types of materials where one of the materials is naturally derived and these materials are combined to produce a new material with enhanced performance compared to its individual constituent materials (Abenojar et al., 2021). The usage of
nanotechnology by using natural resources is able to improve the structural and functional properties of the biocomposites (Adamu et al., 2019). Hence, the production of nanocarbon polymer biocomposites are developing rapidly as it combines the superior properties of nanocarbon and
natural polymers. Nanocarbon is one of the materials that is able to enhance the mechanical and thermal strength of the polymers and it offers a range of advantages such as energy-efficient, abundant, and high thermal stability (Rizal et al., 2021). To further improve the properties of biocomposites, the usage of natural polymers is also applied which can improve biocompatibility, abundant, less toxic, and biodegradable (Amini et al., 2021)
Current and future development of nanocarbon and its biocomposites production
No full textThe valence layers of carbon contain four electrons. Carbon has the remarkable capacity to arrange these four valence electrons in various hybridization states, forming both strong covalent and weak π-π-bonds. It is simple to polymerize into long-chained molecules with a high molecular weight. It is able to link with almost all chemical elements (both metals and nonmetals) due to its distinctive electrical structure and smaller size compared to group IV. Because of this, carbon-based compounds can exist in a variety of molecular configurations, and the same type of atoms can be arranged in various shapes with various orientations known as allotropes (e.g., graphite and diamond). With the aid of these properties, carbon can produce a variety of nanostructures, including mono- and
multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon fibers, fullerenes, onions, and nanodiamonds
Titanium (IV) oxide-activated nanocarbon from pine wood sawdust and its biocomposites
No full textThis chapter will provide information about nanocarbon materials such as nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and nanodiamond. Pine sawdust will be used as the feedstock to create nanocarbon as it is readily available. Pyrolysis will be used as the process of nanocarbon synthesis. TiO2 grafted nanocarbon biocomposites are manufactured using solvent casting due to its straightforward stages and lack of
additional equipment requirements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and other techniques are used to analyze the composite’s morphology and to characterize the TiO2 grafted nanocarbon biocomposite. Finally, research is also done on the uses of nanocarbon
and composite
Montmorillonite-activated nanocarbon from pine wood sawdust and its biocomposites
No full textDue to plastic’s promising qualities, including corrosion resistance, low density, and user-friendly design, their manufacturing, and use have significantly risen over the last 60 years. The growth of the plastics industry
has resulted in the development of various plastic products with broad applications using various plastics, such as the introduction of natural polymers, modified natural polymers, synthetic plastics, biodegradable plastics, thermoplastics, and thermosetting plastics. Fig. 8.1 depicts the global plastic demand broken down by polymer type (What Is Hot - Multi-client study, 2023). According to the information provided by Pardos Marketing (What Is Hot - Multi-client study, 2023), polypropylene (PP), accounts for 31%
of high-demand plastic, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear lowdensity polyethylene (LLDPE), accounts for 18% of high-demand plastic, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), accounts for 14% of high-demand plastic (PVC)
SALP SWARM OPTIMIZATION NEURAL NETWORK FOR DAILY WATER LEVEL FORECASTING WITH THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
No full textForecasted daily water level data is essential in water resource planning and management. Proper water resource planning and management based on accurate water level forecasting, considering the impact of climate change, can help minimize flooding damage and achieve optimum use of water resources. Thus, this paper proposed applying the Salp Swarm Optimization Neural Network (SSONN) model to forecast daily water levels at Batu Kitang River under the impact of climate change. This study was conducted using seven years of rainfall and water level data from Batu Kitang Station and Global Climate Model (GCM) predictors from Institut Pierre Simon Laplace – Climate Model 5A – Medium Resolution (IPSL-CM5A-MR) under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The performance of the SSONN model for daily water level forecasting was evaluated based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Correlation (r). The reliability of the SSONN model was compared with the performance of the Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network (LMNN) and Scale Conjugate Gradient Neural Network (SCGNN). Results obtained from this study indicate that the performance of SSONN was superior to LMNN and SCGNN
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