54 research outputs found
Performance evaluation of forwarding algorithms for generalized storage aware routing protocols
No full textThis thesis presents an investigation of the design and evaluation of the generalized storage aware routing (GSTAR) protocol proposed for use in the MobilityFirst future Internet architecture. The GSTAR protocol uses in-network storage to improve service quality and throughput in wireless access networks with varying radio link quality and/or disconnection. These gains are achieved using a combination of short-term buffering at routers to smooth out fluctuations in path quality along with delay-tolerant storage, to overcome total disconnection of the mobile device. The performance of the GSTAR protocol is evaluated for exemplary wireless access network scenarios using ns-3 based simulation models, and key design parameters are investigated. Each node in GSTAR maintains two kinds of topology information. The intra-partition graph contains information about path quality between nodes in the current partition of the network. The path quality is determined using two metrics: short term and long term expected transmission time (SETT and LETT). Every node compares these two metrics using the store/forward decision threshold and stores the data on finding that the path is degraded with the expectation that it may improve in the future. Inter-partition graph gives a probabilistic view of the connection patterns between nodes in the network. It is used in the event of disconnections or partitions. An ns-3 based simulation model is described which includes nodes with storage, hop-by-hop transport, time-varying wireless channels and mobile users with possible disconnection. The model is used to evaluate different forwarding algorithms in GSTAR. Using a baseline threshold scheme where packets are temporarily stored when SETT > 1.1 * LETT, it is shown that the resulting system achieves performance improvements over the baseline with no storage. The threshold algorithm is studied further to consider adaptive settings based on the moving average and other temporal filters of the SETT sequence. The results show that if link quality fluctuations are random, the moving average scheme works well, while an exponentially weighted moving average is recommended for on-off channels with periodic outages. Simulation results are provided in each case, showing the benefit of adaptive threshold settings over the baseline non-adaptive case considered in earlier work.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Nehal Soman
Effect of Valsartan on Renal Marker, Nitrite and Histopathology of Kidney in Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Renal Damage in Diabetic Rats
No full textPresent study was designed to evaluate the effect of Valsartan on renal marker, nitrite and histopathology of kidney in Ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation in diabetic condition, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Valsartan (8 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and histopathology were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of nitrite in kidney tissue, serum marker Albumin and Blood urea nitrogen were significantly changed. Valsartan improved the renal dysfunction and nitrite after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Light microscopic evaluation of the kidneys of the diabetic rats with I/R only showed tubular cell swelling, interstitial edema, tubular dilatation, and moderate to severe necrosis, whereas, Valsartan improve tubular dilation, loss of interstitial hemorrhage, and glomerular atrophy. In conclusion, Valsartan as a beneficial agent on renal marker, nitrite and histopathology of kidney in Ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. -------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected], Tel: +919825882522Â Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of Valsartan on Renal Marker, Nitrite and Histopathology of Kidney in Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Renal Damage in Diabetic Rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 12-17
The diagnostic value of arginase-1 immunostaining in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma as compared to HepPar-1
No full textAbstract Background The ability to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinoma (MC) involving the liver and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) by immunohistochemistry has been limited by the lack of a reliable positive marker for hepatocellular differentiation. Arginase-1 is a marker for HCC recently described in some literature. Aim To examine the immunohistochemical staining of arginase-1 in cases of HCC, MC involving the liver and CC as compared to hepatocyte paraffin antigen -1 (HepPar-1) in an attempt to further define the diagnostic utility of arginase-1 in differentiating these tumors. Materials and methods A comparative immunohistochemical study of arginase-1 and HepPar-1expression was performed in 50 HCC cases, 38 cases of MC to the liver from varying sites, 12 cases of CC and 10 specimens of normal liver tissues. The predictive capacity of arginase-1 and HepPar-1 staining was determined using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value calculations. Results All normal liver tissues (no=10), non- neoplastic cirrhotic liver tissues adjacent to HCC (no=42) as well as those adjacent to MC (no= 9) showed diffuse and strong immunostaining for both arginase-1 and HepPar-1. Arginase-1 demonstrated positive immunoreactivity in 42 of 50 (84%) cases of HCC compared with 35 of 50 (70%) for HepPar-1. Only one of 38 (2.6%) cases of MC and one of 12 (8.3%) cases of CC showed positive immunoreactivity for arginase-1. In contrast, HepPar-1 immunoreactivity was detected in 6 of 38 (15.8%) cases of MC and in 2 of 12 (16.7%) cases of CC. Arginase -1 showed a significantly higher sensitivity for HCC diagnosis (84%) compared to HepPar -1(70%) (p=0.016). The specificity of arginase-1 for HCC diagnosis was higher (96%) than that of HepPar -1 (84%); nevertheless, this was not statistically significant (p=0.109). Howerver, the combination of both immunomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC, raised the specificity to 100%. Conclusion Arginase-1 immunostaining has a higher sensitivity and specificity than HepPar-1 for HCC diagnosis. Furthermore, the combined use of arginase-1 and HepPar-1 can provide a potentially promising tool to improve the accuracy in distinguishing HCC from metastatic carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9991436558072434.</p
Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats
No full textPresent study was designed to evaluate in effect of Hesperidine on renal complication in Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced renal damage in Sprague dawley diabetic rats. Hyperglycaemia is most probably a contributing factor in the development of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF) in many patients. Both clinical and experimental data suggest that hyperglycaemia increases the risk of ARF. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Hesperidine (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and oxidative parameter were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of malondialdehyde formation/ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney tissue and serum marker Creatinine, Urea and Uric acids were significantly increased. Whereas, the activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found to be decreased significantly compared to control rats. Hesperidine improved the renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. In conclusion, Hesperidine shows potent may improve renal complication in I/R induced renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected]; Tel: +919825882522Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Divyang Patel, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(2): 45-50
Human rights in transition
No full textPublished: 07 May 2024This edited volume brings together leading scholars in international law and international human rights to reflect upon the future of human rights, but with a firm grounding in an assessment of the present and the (recent and distant) past. It is neither uniformly critical nor uniformly celebratory of the possible futures for human rights law and politics. It thus eschews the polarized and one-sided approach that can too easily dominate either side of the debate. The result is a very rich set of essays that delve deeply into specific topics in human rights law and practice, and work outwards from a rigorous analysis of the past and present, to an argument about how to think about the future. No author is overtly concerned with saving or damning the human rights enterprise. Instead, each combines critical analysis with sober reflection to provide a fertile point of view on the present from which intimations of the future can be discerned.-- 1 Recovering Social Rights -- 2 The Future of Social and Economic Rights -- 3 Mutual Trust and the Future of Fundamental Rights Protection in the EU's Compound Legal Order -- 4 Human Rights Connectivity and the Future of the Treaty Body System -- 5 Feminist Futures in Human Rights -- 6 Climate Pathways and the Future of Human Right
Extrahepatic metastases as initial manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma: an Egyptian experience
No full textDiagnostic value of progesterone receptor and p53 expression in uterine smooth muscle tumors
No full textAbstract Background The diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors depends on a combination of microscopic features. However, a small number of these tumors still pose difficult diagnostic challenges. Aim To investigate progesterone receptor (PR) and p53 expression in leiomyomas (LMs), atypical leiomyomas (ALMs), smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) and to evaluate the potential utility of the selected immunohistochemical markers in differentiating these tumors. Materials and methods Immunohistochemical expression of PR and p53 was investigated in 41 uterine smooth muscle tumors comprising: 15 LMS, 4 STUMP, 6 ALM and 16 LM. Quantitative evaluation of PR and p53 expression was graded on a scale from 0 to 3+. Results Leiomyosarcomas showed reduced PR expression. All LMs as well as ALMs and STUMP were stained intensely for PR. Conversely, LMS was strongly stained with p53, while the three non-sarcomatous groups (STUMP, ALM, LM) were either entirely negative or weakly stained for p53. Regarding both PR and p53 expression, the difference between the LMS group and the three non-sarcomatous groups was highly significant (p Conclusion Immunohistochemistry for PR and p53 is valuable as an adjunct tool to morphological assessment of problematic uterine smooth muscle tumors.</p
Diagnostic value of the combined use of SATB2 and CDX2 in mucinous carcinoma of colorectal origin
No full textDiagnostic value of progesterone receptor and p53 expression in uterine smooth muscle tumors
No full textDrug Synergistic Effects of Coriandrum Sativum, Piperacillin, and Tazobactam Against Biofilms of Thioredoxin-a Protein Mutant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is responsible for most of nosocomial infections reported by CDC. AB contaminates hospital materials and causes infections of soft tissues. AB infections are treated with antibiotics. Unfortunately, AB's isolates are multidrug resistance (MDR) against antimicrobials; in part due to biofilm formation facilitated by the Thioredoxin (Trx) system. As such, biofilms of two wildtype (WT) and their Thioredoxin-A (ΔTrx-A) AB strains were quantified experimentally and predicted theoretically in the presence of three antibiotics; Coriandrum sativum (CS), piperacillin (PIP), and tazobactam (TAZ). Contact angles and electrophoretic mobilities were used to quantify bacterial surface tensions and surface potentials, respectively. Prior to any treatment, all strains were hydrophilic. Upon treatment with TAZ at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), cells became hydrophobic. When the total energies acting between AB strains and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene latex (PSL), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were predicted, no energy barriers to interactions with PSL or PVC in the presence or absence of antibiotics were evident for all strains. In comparison, interactions were only favorable to PDMS in the absence of antibiotics. These findings clarify why AB can easily contaminate hospital materials. Experimentally, our results indicated that TAZ and TAZ-CS were largely effective against growth of AB through modulations to hydrophobicities, while treatment with PIP was ineffective. These findings suggest that TAZ should be explored as an antibiotic to be used individually against AB infections. Finally, the four investigated AB strains varied in all their properties and interactions, suggesting that antibiotic treatments should be optimized per strain.Biomedical Engineerin
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