1,721,077 research outputs found
The effect of fatigue on the crew perfomance
No full textCilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj umora na rad posade. Umor je jedan od čimbenika koji negativno utječe na rad posade, a ima nesagledive posljedice. Učinci umora su vrlo opasni u pomorskoj djelatnosti. U pomorskim prometnim putovima umor je povezan s malim brojem članova posade, stresom, bukom, prehranom, gibanjima brodova, vremenskim zonama, lošim snom, te najčešće velikim brojem sati neprekidnog rada. Posljedice umora su velike jer ljudske pogreške uzrokuju sudare i potonuća brodova s ljudskim, materijalnim i ekološkim posljedicama. Umor se mora izučavati vrlo ozbiljno i pristupati mu vrlo odgovorno tako da se rezultati dobiveni istraživanjima uspješno implementiraju u praksu, kako bi bilo sve manje nesreća. U tu svrhu donesen je i niz propisa koji pokušavaju umanjiti rizike na najmanju mjeru i osigurati članovima posade smanjenje umora i pravilan ritam odmora i sna. No brodarske kompanije često zbog ekonomske isplativosti se oglušuju pozitivnim pomorskim propisima, te opterećuju članove posade i preko zakonskih granica. No, ipak budi se svijest o potrebi reguliranja te tematike, jer čuvajući zdravlje i dobro mentalno stanje pomoraca čuvamo i pomorsku djelatnost.The porpouse of this research is to examine the effects of fatigue on work performance of the ships crew. Tiredness is one of the factors that negatively affects the work of the crew, and has various negative consequences. The effects of fatigue are very dangerous in the maritime industry. In the maritime traffic, tiredness is associated with a small number of crew members, stress, noise, bad nutrition, boat movements, time zones, sleep deprivation, and usually a large number of hours of continuous work. The postulates of fatigue are great because human errors cause collisions and sinking of ships with people and also having environmental consequences. Tiredness has to be studied very seriously and accessed accurately so that the results of the research are successfully implemented in practice so as to be less accidents. For this purpose, a series of regulations have been introduced to try to minimize the risks and to provide crew members with reduced fatigue and a regular rhythm of rest and sleep. But shipping companies often disgarde maritime regulations due to economic feasibility, burdening crew members and crossing legal boundaries. However, there is an awareness of the need to regulate this topic, because keeping the health and the good mental state of seafarers is in the interest of the entire maritime industries
Methods for reducing pollution of atmosphere with exhaust gases from marine diesel engines
No full textEkologija i očuvanje ljudskog okoliša jedan su od važnijih segmenata u znanstvenom istraživanju. U samim počecima rješavali su se problemi onečišćenja s kopna, a danas se sve više i zahtjevnije obraća pozornost onečišćenja s brodova. Onečišćenje zraka ozbiljan je problem i za zdravlje ljudi i za ukupni ekosustav. Emisije s brodova uključuju onečišćivače zraka, stakleničke plinove i supstance koje oštećuju ozonski omotač, s posljedicom ugrožavanja ljudskog zdravlja i okoliša, jednako kao i emisije sumpornih oksida (SOx), dušikovih oksida (NOx) i ugljični dioksid (CO2) koji uzrokuju zakiseljavanje. Onečišćenje zrakom ne poznaje državne granice pa je to područje koje zahtijeva međunarodnu suradnju. Zbog donesenih različitih zakona emisije stacionarnih postrojenja su znatno smanjene dok je onečišćenje brodskim emisijama sve veće, pa se radi toga u današnjim vremenima intenzivno krenulo prema potrebama za smanjivanje štetnih emisija sa brodova. Ovaj je problem tako postao primaran, pa se uz međunarodne propise pridružuju i nacionalni propisi radi ograničenja emisija s brodova u pojedinim zemljama, a osobito kod onih koje su izložene brodskim emisijama i prometnijim morskim putovima.Ecology and the preservation of the human environment is one of the most important segments in scientific research. At the beginning of the time, the land pollutions were being solved, today more and more attention is paid to pollution from ship. Pollution of air is a serious problem for human health and all ecosystem. Emissions of the ship include air pollutants, greenhouse gasses, and substance which damage the ozone layer, with the consequence of endangering human health and the environment. Emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon oxides (COx) cause acidification and also adversely affect the environment and human health. Pollution of air does not know the national borders, so this is the area that requires the highest level of international cooperation. Pollutions of stationary plants are significantly reduced because of different passed laws, while is pollution by ship emissions are increasing, and because today the intensive approach is dedicated to the needs to reduce harmful emissions from ships. This problem became primary, so the international and national regulations on emission limits from ships in some countries, have been adopted especially those which are exposed to more emissions from the ship and busy sea routes
Harmful impact of ballast water on the marine environment
No full textBalastne vode predstavljaju važan aspekt u pomorskom sektoru, omogućujući stabilnost i sigurnost brodova tijekom putovanja. Međutim, njihovo otpuštanje u lučkim područjima može uzrokovati unošenje invazivnih vrsta koje ugrožavaju morski ekosustav. Ovaj rad istražuje različite aspekte povezane s balastnim vodama, uključujući njihovu povijest, funkcije, utjecaj na okoliš te tehnološke metode tretiranja. Pravna regulativa, posebno Međunarodna konvencija o nadzoru i upravljanju brodskim balastnim vodama, igra središnju ulogu u usklađivanju pomorskog sektora s ciljevima zaštite okoliša. Tehnološki razvoj brodova bez balastnih tankova predstavlja inovativan smjer u smanjenju ekoloških rizika. Kroz sveobuhvatan pristup, ovaj rad analizira važnost i izazove upravljanja balastnim vodama, te naglašava potrebu za odgovornim i održivim pristupom kako bi se sačuvao morski okoliš.Ballast water is an important aspect of maritime transport because it provides stability and safety for ships during voyages. However, the discharge of ballast water into port areas can lead to the introduction of invasive species that threaten marine ecosystems. This paper examines various aspects of ballast water, including its history, functions, environmental impacts, and technical treatment methods. Legal regulations, particularly the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, play a central role in aligning the maritime sector with environmental protection goals. Technological advances in ballast-free ship designs represent an innovative way to reduce ecological risks. Through a comprehensive approach, this paper analyzes the importance and challenges of ballast water management and highlights the need for responsible and sustainable practices to protect the marine environment
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OIL TRANSPORT BY TANKERS
No full textU radu je razmotrena problematika transporta ulja tankerima s aspekta njihovog ekološkog utjecaja. Objašnjene su osnovne karakteristike ulja te opisana konstrukcija i podjele tankera za prijevoz ulja. Kako je ulje potencijalno opasno kao pomorski teret, razmotreni su i sigurnosni aspekti tankera, ali i utjecaji onečišćenja na okoliš u slučaju izljeva ulja u more, neovisno je li do istjecanja došlo kao posljedica havarije, pogreške u radu posade ili nekog drugog razloga. Na kraju su navedene mjere za sprječavanje širenja uljne mrlje, te načini prikupljanja i zbrinjavanja ostataka.In this work the issue of oil transport by tankers was considered from the aspect of their ecological impact. The basic characteristics of oil have been explained, and the construction and division of oil tankers described. As oil is potentially dangerous as maritime cargo, safety aspects of tankers were considered, as were the impacts of environmental pollution in the event of an oil spill, irrespective of whether the leakage occurred as a result of a general average, human factor or some other reason. In the end, measures to prevent the spreading of oil leakage and ways of collecting and disposing of residues are mentioned
Failure diagnosis of marine boilers
No full textU radu je opisan pojam dijagnostike kvarova te kako ju koristiti pri pojavi kvara. Kvar i njegova pojava, kao i način na koji ga svesti na minimum. Nadalje, opisan je pojam brodskog generatora pare, njegovi kvarovi i održavanje, te postupanje časnika stroja pri pojavi alarma odnosno kvara.In this work the paper describes the concept of failure diagnosis and its usage in case of failure. Failure and its manifestation, as well as the way to minimize it. Furthermore, the term of the ship's steam generator, its failures and maintenance, and the actions of the engineer officer in the event of an alarm or failure are described
HARMFUL IMPACT OF BALLAST WATERS ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT
No full textVodeni balast koji se koristi na brodovima radi osiguranja stabilnosti oslanja se na usisavanju mora u predviđene tankove. Za razliku od prošlih vremena, studije su pokazale kako preseljenje tisuća kubika mora iz jedne u neku drugu točku na našoj planeti, zapravo stvara invazije alohtonih vrsta u novim područjima. Ta prirodna pojava može imati veliki utjecaj na ravnotežu različitosti nekog morskog ekosustava, a posljedice se onda odražavaju na ljudsko zdravlje, na gospodarstvo i čovjekove aktivnosti te na ekološki integritet tog mjesta. Ekološke promjene se mogu lakše razumjeti i predvidjeti ako se poznaju karakteristike svakog pojedinog organizma te se onda mogu i razviti sustavi koji, obradom te vode, sprječavaju unos štetnih organizama u nova mora.The ballast water used on vessels to ensure the stability of the structure is based on the sea suction into the appropriate ballast tanks. Modern studies have shown that the relocating thousands cubic meters of sea water, from one to another point on our planet, creates various invasions of foreign species in new areas. This natural phenomenon can have a major impact on the balance of the biodiversity in a marine ecosystem, and the consequences then reflect on human health, on the economy and the human activities, and on the ecological integrity of that site. Ecological changes can be easily understood and predicted if the characteristics of each organism are well known and then is also possible to develop adequate systems for the treating of this water, preventing, in this way, the introduction of harmful organisms into new sea areas
Environmental aspects of sea pollution with oils from ships
No full textU ovom radu se objašnjavaju ekološki aspekti onečišćenja mora uljem ujedno se tumači i sastav ulja i njegove glavne karakteristike. Onečišćenje mora uljem predstavlja ozbiljan ekološki problem koji nastaje kao rezultat nekontroliranog ispuštanja nafte ili naftnih derivata u morski okoliš. Ovakva onečišćenja mogu imati ozbiljne posljedice na morski ekosustav, ugrožavajući morske organizme, ptice, biljke i ukupnu biološku raznolikost. Opisuju se i navode glavne međunarodne organizacije i propisi u slučaju onečišćenja mora uljem. Temeljna tema diplomskog rada je sama konstrukcija tankera koji mora biti građen po svim zakonima i pravilima konvencija i klasifikacijskim društava koje se brinu o sigurnosti u plovidbi i sprječavanju onečišćenja mora.This work explains the ecological aspects of oil pollution in the sea while also interpreting the composition of oil and its main characteristics. Oil pollution in the sea represents a serious environmental problem that arises as a result of uncontrolled release of oil or oil derivatives into the marine environment. Such pollution can have severe consequences on the marine ecosystem, endangering marine organisms, birds, plants, and overall biodiversity. The main international organizations and regulations in the case of oil pollution in the sea are described and referenced. The central theme of the graduation thesis is the construction of oil tankers, which must be built in accordance with all laws, conventions, and classification societies that ensure safety in navigation and prevention of sea pollution
TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR
No full textU ovom radu obrađen je dijagnostičkom eliminacijom slijed od 2 kvara koja se javljaju na separatoru marke GEA Westfalia. U uvodu je objašnjeno što je dijagnostika kvarova te kako postupiti pri pojavi kvara i njegovog otklanjanja. U drugoj cjelini je obrađen separator sa svim svojim dijelovima, a u trećem je dijelu objašnjena operativna procedura centrifugalnog separatora od njegovog pokretanja do isključivanja. U četvrtoj cjelini je obrađena kontrolna jedinica i hidraulički sustav upravljanja. U petoj cjelini su priložene tablice učestalijih kvarova kao i načini otklanjanja kvarova na centrifugalnom separatoru. U šestom su poglavlju otklonjena 2 kvara koja se javljaju u separatoru te slijed postupaka koji nam daju odgovor kvara te moguće rješenje. Sedmo poglavlje je zaključak samog pisanog dijela te osvrt na napisani rad, a osmo poglavlje je popis literature i izvora koji su pomogli u pisanju.In this manifest with diagnostically elimination is described 2 failures that could occurring on separator GEA Westfalia. In manifest introduction is elaborated what is failure diagnostic and how understood what went wrong and why the malfunction is happening. In second chapter is described separator with its parts, and in the third chapter is explained the operating procedures of centrifugal separator from launching to the shutdown. In fourth chapter is described control unit with hydraulic system of control. In fifth chapter are described more common malfunctions and sequences of elimination in centrifugal separator. In sixth chapter are two malfunctions that could occur and ways of procedure that give us an answer of it failure and possible solutions. Seventh chapter is conclusion of this written manifest and review of the same, and the eighth chapter is list of literature and sources that helped to compose this manifest
TROUBLESHOOTING BURNER ON BOILER AALBORG XS-2V
No full textU ovom radu se prikazuje dijagnostika kvarova gorača generatora pare na primjeru gorača generatora pare Aalborg XS-2V. Prikazan je radni proces gorača te svih najvažnijih dijelova sustava za izgaranje goriva generatora pare. Također su prikazani primjeri postupanja časnika u strojarnici kod pojavljivanja alarma.This work shows troubleshooting boiler burner with the example of Aalborg XS-2V boiler burner. It provides burner operation and description of every subsystem. Several examples of reactions to alarms are also provided
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